Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a continuous hazard in eukaroytic cells by their ability to cause damage to biomolecules, in particular to DNA. Previous data indicated that the cytosolic serine peptidase tripeptidyl-peptidase II (TPPII) translocates into the nucleus of most tumor cell lines in response to gamma-irradiation and ROS production; an event that promoted p53 expression as well as caspase-activation. We here observed that nuclear translocation of TPPII was dependent on signaling by MAP kinases, including p38MAPK. Further, this was caused by several types of DNA-damaging drugs, a DNA cross-linker (cisplatinum), an inhibitor of topoisomerase II (etoposide), and to some extent also by nucleoside-analogues (5-fluorouracil, hydroxyurea). In the minority of tumor cell lines where TPPII was not translocated into the nucleus in response to DNA damage we observed reduced intracellular ROS levels, and the expression levels of redox defense systems were increased. Further, treatment with the ROS-inducer gamma-hexa-chloro-cyclohexane (gamma-HCH, lindane), an inhibitor of GAP junctions, restored nuclear translocation of TPPII in these cell lines upon gamma-irradiation. Moreover, blocking nuclear translocation of TPPII in etoposide-treated cells, by using a peptide-derived inhibitor (Z-Gly-Leu-Ala-OH), attenuated expression of gamma-H2AX in gamma-irradiated melanoma cells. Our results indicated a role for TPPII in MAPK-dependent DNA damage signaling.
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PMID:MAP kinase-signaling controls nuclear translocation of tripeptidyl-peptidase II in response to DNA damage and oxidative stress. 2064

In the present study the effect of cholinergic system of Cuneiform nucleus (CnF) on central regulation of cardiovascular system was investigated. Two doses of acetylcholine (Ach; 90 and 150 nmol), atropine (3 and 9 nmol) and hexamethonium (Hexa; 100 and 300 nmol) were microinjected into the CnF. The maximum changes of MAP and HR were compared with control group (independent t-test). Both doses of Ach significantly decreased MAP but had no significant effect on HR. Administration of atropine and Hexa by themselves did not alter the MAP or HR. However, both doses of atropine and higher dose of Hexa significantly attenuated the hypotensive effect of Ach with no significant effect on HR. Our results suggest the involvement of CnF cholinergic system only on central blood pressure regulation that strongly mediated by muscarinic receptors.
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PMID:Pharmacological study of cholinergic system on cardiovascular regulation in the cuneiform nucleus of rat. 2381 Oct 29

The beam hardening effect can induce strong artifacts in CT images, which result in severely deteriorated image quality with incorrect intensities (CT numbers). This paper develops an effective and efficient beam hardening correction algorithm incorporated in a filtered back-projection based maximum a posteriori (BHC-FMAP). In the proposed algorithm, the beam hardening effect is modeled and incorporated into the forward-projection of the MAP to suppress beam hardening induced artifacts, and the image update process is performed by Feldkamp-Davis-Kress method based back-projection to speed up the convergence. The proposed BHC-FMAP approach does not require information about the beam spectrum or the material properties, or any additional segmentation operation. The proposed method was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated using both phantom and animal projection data. The experimental results demonstrate that the BHC-FMAP method can efficiently provide a good correction of beam hardening induced artefacts.
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PMID:A fast beam hardening correction method incorporated in a filtered back-projection based MAP algorithm. 2805 45