Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.4.11.18 (MAP)
 7,412 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purpose of this study was to assess the physiologic training effects of functional electrical stimulation leg cycle ergometer (FES-LCE) exercise in persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) who were previously untrained in this activity. Ten persons with quadriplegia (C5 to C7) and eight with paraplegia (T4 to T11) performed FES-LCE training on an ERGYS I ergometer 10 to 30 minutes per day, 2 or 3 days per week for 12 to 16 weeks (36 total sessions). Training session power output (PO) ranged from 0.0W (no external resistance) to 30.6W. Each subject completed discontinuous graded FES-LCE and arm crank ergometer (ACE) tests before and after training for determinations of peak lower and upper extremity metabolic, pulmonary, and hemodynamic responses. Compared with pretraining, this SCI group exhibited significantly (p less than or equal to .05) higher posttraining peak PO (+45%), oxygen uptake ([O2], + 23%), pulmonary ventilation (+27%), heart rate (+11%), cardiac output ([Qt], + 13%) and significantly lower total peripheral resistance ([TPR], - 14%) during FES-LCE posttests. There were no significant changes in peak stroke volume (+6%), mean arterial pressure ([MAP], - 5%), or arteriovenous oxygen difference ([a-vO2diff], + 10%) during posttraining FES-LCE tests. In addition, no significant differences were noted for the peak level of any monitored variable during ACE posttests after FES-LCE training. The rise in total vascular conductance, implied by the significant decrease in posttraining TPR during FES-LCE tests, denotes that a peripheral circulatory adaptation developed in the persons with SCI during FES-LCE exercise training.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Physiologic effects of electrical stimulation leg cycle exercise training in spinal cord injured persons. 158 Jul 76

This study determined the physiologic responses to prolonged functional neuromuscular stimulation (FNS) leg-cycle exercise in seven quadriplegic and seven paraplegic subjects. Each subject completed 30 minutes of continuous FNS leg cycling during which open-circuit spirometry, impedance cardiography, auscultation, and fingertip capillary blood sampling were used to assess metabolic and hemodynamic responses. Compared with resting values, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide production, respiratory exchange ratio (RER), pulmonary ventilation, heart rate (HR), left ventricular stroke volume (SV), cardiac output (Qt), and blood lactate (La) concentration were significantly (p less than .05) elevated, whereas plasma volume, bicarbonate concentration, and pH were significantly decreased in both groups during prolonged FNS leg-cycle exercise. Mean arterial pressure remained unchanged in quadriplegic and paraplegic subjects during the prolonged FNS leg-cycle exercise bout. Persons with quadriplegia elicited significantly lower MAP and tended to have lower SV and Qt responses than persons with paraplegia, probably due to a higher degree of sympathetic dysfunction and circulatory hypokinesis during FNS leg-cycle exercise. All other physiologic variables responded similarly between groups. We speculate that the relative increases observed for HR (33% to 60%), SV (45% to 69%), and Qt (113% to 142%) during prolonged FNS leg-cycle exercise create a sufficient cardiac-volume load to promote central cardiovascular conditioning in persons with both quadriplegia and paraplegia. The La accumulation (4.7 to 5.2 mmol.L-1) in the spinal cord injured during prolonged FNS leg cycling is unusually high for the power output attained (5.2W and 6.1W for quadriplegia and paraplegia, respectively).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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PMID:Physiologic responses to prolonged electrically stimulated leg-cycle exercise in the spinal cord injured. 222 53

Spinal cord-injured (SCI) subjects exhibit a normal lipolytic rate despite the failure of centrally mediated sympathoexcitatory stimuli to activate lipolysis. Peripheral afferent stimulation below the lesion level induces an exaggerated autonomic reaction in SCI with lesion levels above T5, ie, so-called autonomic dysreflexia. The metabolic effects of induced dysreflexia were investigated in five SCI subjects (age, 35 +/- 8 years; duration of paresis, 15 +/- 7.5 years [mean +/- SD]; lesion level, T3 to T4, n = 2, C7, n = 3) following bladder stimulation. Subcutaneous glycerol concentrations were measured by microdialysis above and below the lesion level. Diurnal plasma noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline levels were continuously monitored in seven SCI subjects (lesion level T3 to T4, n = 2; C4 to C7, n = 5). Bladder stimulation resulted in an increased mean arterial pressure ([MAP] 81 +/- 8 to 114 +/- 11 mm Hg, P < .05), a decreased heart rate (70 +/- 3 to 54 +/- 4 beats/min, P < .05), and an increased plasma NA (0.70 +/- 0.49 v 3.27 +/- 1.56 nmol/L, P < .05). Interstitial glycerol was increased in the decentralized region (89 +/- 12 to 135 +/- 21 mumol/L, P < .05), whereas no reaction was found in the centrally innervated region. Plasma concentrations of glycerol and insulin increased. Diurnal monitoring showed periods of increased plasma NA sufficient to induce lipolysis (> 1.4 nmol/L) during 20% of the registration period. The data suggest that peripheral afferent stimulation below the lesion level increases NA release and activates lipolysis and that frequent episodes of activation are found in SCI subjects with tetraplegia or high paraplegia.
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PMID:Peripheral afferent stimulation of decentralized sympathetic neurons activates lipolysis in spinal cord-injured subjects. 943 44