Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Effect of oral administration of gossypol acetic acid (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks, on certain enzymes, which may be taken as markers for the different stages of spermatogenesis, was studied in male albino rats. Gossypol produced a significant decrease in hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, while no change was observed in beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. A significant increase in the total lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the testis. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
...
PMID:Effect of gossypol on few testicular enzymes in mature rats. 263 70

Daily administration of 2g/kg/day di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate (DEHP) to immature rats was found to cause testicular atrophy and reduce zinc concentration. Specific activities of testicular enzymes associated with postmeiotic spermatogenic cells, such as lactate dehydrogenase isozyme-X, hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, were lower than those of control by day 10, coincident with degeneration of spermatogenic cells. The specific activities of enzymes associated with premeiotic spermatogenic cells, Sertoli cells or interstitial cells (beta-glucuronidase, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase and malate dehydrogenase) were higher than those of control by day 10. The specific activities of alcohol dehydrogenase and aldolase, zinc containing enzymes, increased after DEHP treatment in spite of the decrease in zinc concentration in the testis. In conclusion, changes in several testicular cell-specific enzymes appear to be useful biochemical markers of testicular injury induced by testicular toxicants such as DEHP. However, these changes occurred after or simultaneous with massive histological or morphological changes rather than prior to such changes.
...
PMID:Testicular atrophy induced by di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate: changes in histology, cell specific enzyme activities and zinc concentrations in rat testis. 288 30

We modified and improved enzyme digestion and density gradient separation procedures to obtain fractions of proximal and distal renal tubules with high yield and viability. Kidneys from two anesthetized adult Wistar rats were flushed with Krebs-Henseleit buffer (KHB) and then perfused in situ with recirculated KHB containing collagenase and hyaluronidase at 125 mmHg. Cortices were excised, minced, and incubated in KHB containing enzymes for 35 min at 37 degrees C. Dissociated tubules were removed at 10-min intervals, rinsed, and placed in KHB containing 10% calf serum, vitamins, and amino acids at 4 degrees C. Separation was achieved by suspending the tissue in 45% isosmotic Percoll layered over an undiluted Percoll cushion and centrifuging. Proximal tubules sedimented near the cushion. Distal segments were isolated in the uppermost bands of a second 35% Percoll separation. Viability was greater than 95% as measured by lactate dehydrogenase leakage and quantitated by oxygen consumption and ATP content. Basal oxygen consumption was greater than 33 nmol O2 X min-1 X mg protein-1 in all fractions and was stimulated by succinate and inhibited by amiloride and ouabain. Basal ATP content averaged 9.7 nmol/mg ATP. An average 3.3-fold separation for the proximal fraction and 24.5-fold separation for the distal fraction was assessed by the enrichment of six specific enzyme markers, with several of the markers indicating separations up to 32-fold. Isolated tubules also displayed functional responses to parathyroid hormone and vasopressin. Distal, but not proximal, segments demonstrated significantly increased adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate formation with vasopressin.
...
PMID:Improved separation method for rat proximal and distal renal tubules. 303 59

The induction of myocardial infarction in rats by ligation of the left-anterior coronary artery was confirmed by measurement of increased plasma levels of creatine kinase, aspartate aminotransferase and lactate dehydrogenase. Using this model system it has been established that intravenous administration of 125I-labelled hyaluronidase to rats resulted in a preferential uptake of the enzyme by damaged myocardium as compared to normal heart tissue.
...
PMID:Preferential uptake of intravenously administered hyaluronidase (Hyalosidase) by damaged rat myocardium. 402 52

Young rats, fed a low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet for 2 weeks, developed hypocalcemia, an increased activity of serum alkaline phosphatase and an increase in the serum concentration of immunoreactive parathyroid hormone. An increased activity of lactate dehydrogenase and cytochrome oxidase in odontoblasts was found. No shift in the general energy metabolic pathway was found as visualized in the lactate dehydrogenase iso-enzyme pattern. The dominating lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme in odontoblasts from both the normal and the deficient rats was LDH 1 (H4, LD5), thus indicating primarily an aerobic energy-metabolism Also the activities of the lysosomal enzymes acid phosphatase, cathepsin D and hyaluronidase in the odontoblasts from the deficient animals were increased when compared to the normal animals. No significant change could be demonstrated for beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. It was earlier found that this deficient diet caused an increase in odontoblast alkaline phosphatase activities and protein synthesis in vitro. In view of the present findings it might be concluded that the low calcium and vitamin D deficient diet causes a general increase in the odontoblast metabolism. It is not known whether this is due to the increase in parathyroid hormone or if it is a direct effect of the lowered serum calcium concentration.
...
PMID:Odontoblast metabolism in rats deficient in vitamin D and calcium. IV. Lysosomal and energy metabolic enzymes. 625 18

Hepatocytes were prepared from rainbow trout by perfusion in situ with collagenase and hyaluronidase. Preparations normally showed high initial viability (95 +/- 5% dye exclusion, 92 +/- 5% lactate dehydrogenase retention) and gradually decreased in viability and glutathione concentration over 5 hours. Cellular metabolism of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), a potent hepatocarcinogen, was characterized by an investigation of the following parameters: kinetics of AFB1 metabolism and DNA adduct formation, dose response, viabilities of detoxication and activation pathways with time, influence of organic solvents, and effect of variation in cell concentration. The AFB1 metabolites and DNA adducts were resolved and quantitated by high-performance liquid chromatography. From these results a standardized assay procedure was derived which we used to examine AFB1 metabolism and DNA adduct formation in hepatocytes from fish fed dietary substances known to alter the carcinogenic response to this mycotoxin. Dietary beta-naphthoflavone, which strongly inhibits AFB1 carcinogenesis in rainbow trout, dramatically and reproducibly altered AFB1 binding and metabolism in isolated hepatocytes. Overall rate of AFB1 metabolism and rates of detoxication reactions increased, whereas DNA binding decreased. Dietary cyclopropenoid fatty acids, powerful synergists and promoters of AFB1 carcinogenesis in trout, also repressed AFB1-DNA binding. Both dietary factors appeared to depress initial DNA damage by AFB1 but operated through different metabolic pathways to do so.
...
PMID:Dietary modification of aflatoxin B1 carcinogenesis: mechanism studies with isolated hepatocytes from rainbow trout. 643 Dec 90

Several substances have been claimed to be effective in reducing the area of necrosis in acute myocardial infarction. The effects of a highly purified hyaluronidase preparation (Hyalas) on experimental myocardial infarction in the rat have been evaluated in this study. In the first series, one group of rats was treated with hyaluronidase 1 500-2 000 IU/kg injected intravenously 2, 4, 18, 24, 28 and 42 hours after induction of infarction by coronary artery occlusion. Another group was treated with NaCl solution. The infarction size was evaluated by serum lactate dehydrogenase and weight of infarcted myocardium. In a second series, the substances were administered immediately after the occlusion. In this experiment, the infarction size was estimated by planimetry. The percentage of salvaged myocardium in the hyaluronidase-treated groups was within the range of 20%. It seems reasonable to suggest that the use of highly purified hyaluronidase may be of clinical value for reduction of the myocardial infarction size.
...
PMID:The effects of a highly purified hyaluronidase preparation on experimental myocardial infarction in the rat. 649 78

Single doses of procarbazine (MIH) were injected IP at 0, 50, 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg body weight to CD-1 male mice. Activities of hyaluronidase, lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X, and the dehydrogenases of sorbitol, alpha-glycerophosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, malate, isocitrate, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in the testes of the mice were determined and correlated with changes in spermatogenic cell types in seminiferous tubules. All enzyme activities were higher than controls or remained unchanged on days 10-20 after drug treatment. Activities of hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X decreased significantly to below normal levels on day 30 after drug treatment for all doses, whereas those of the other five dehydrogenases remained significantly higher than controls. All enzyme activities approached control levels with the concomitant recovery of spermatogenesis by day 60 after drug treatment. Histological examination of seminiferous tubules revealed that premeiotic spermatocytes were significantly reduced on days 10-20 but reappeared on day 30 after MIH treatment (400 mg/kg). The postmeiotic spermatogenic cells were unaffected at the time of MIH treatment, but had disappeared completely on day 30 after drug treatment. MIH, at the highest dosage, selectively destroyed spermatogonia and premeiotic spermatocytes; however spermatozoa and elongated spermatides were unaffected. This study demonstrated that the cytotoxic effect of MIH on spermatogenesis could be evaluated via changes in testicular enzyme activities. The present studies demonstrated that hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, and lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X could serve as useful biochemical markers for assessing testicular toxicity induced by drugs and chemicals.
...
PMID:Selected testicular enzymes as biochemical markers for procarbazine-induced testicular toxicity. 651

This article reviews new advances in biochemistry, biotechnology, and immunology relevant to antifertility vaccine development and evaluates the current status and future prospects of contraceptive vaccines and other immunologic approaches to fertility regulation. Contraceptive vaccine candidates include human chorionic gonadotropin, human luteinizing hormone and luteinizing hormone releasing hormone, and reproductive steroid hormones. Sperm enzymes are attractive for a contraceptive vaccine; among the sperm antigens studied are antibodies to hyaluronidase, acrosin, and lactate dehydrogenase-C4. Several laboratories have developed monoclonal antibodies to a variety of sperm antigens and are using them to identify and characterize new sperm proteins and their roles in fertility. Considerable progress has been made toward biochemical characterization of unique glycoproteins constituting the zona pellucida. Zona pellucida antigens are good candidates because antizona antibodies may block both fertilization and implantation, and low amounts of antibody would be sufficient because of the small number of mature eggs with zona present at any time. Studies are underway to identify human embryonic antigens through examination of the protein profile of human teratocarcinoma cell lines at various stages of differentiation and through analysis of antibodies in human pregnancy and infertility sera. Placental and extraembryonic membranes produce several tissue-specific antigens that have been considered for antifertility vaccines, but concern that they could produce late or incomplete abortion has prevented their serioud consideration. Because of possibly serious systemic side effects, presence of the blood-testis barrier, and large number of sperm produced daily, it is unlikely that sperm vaccines can be safely administered to men. Nautural protective mechanisms will probably render some immunocontraceptive approaches ineffective. The possibility of serious pathogenic side effects of contraceptive vaccines demands vaccines demands a cautious approach to their development.
...
PMID:A new look at antifertility vaccines. 657 34

Experimental otitis media was produced in chinchillas by eustachian tube obstruction or pneumococcal infection. Sequential changes in the histology of the middle ear mucosa and enzyme profile of the middle ear effusions (MEE) were studied. In serous otitis media (SOM) which followed tubal obstruction, the subepithelial space was widened by edema and capillary dilatation, and the middle ear space was filled with serous fluid. Slight hyperplasia of epithelial cells was also observed. The subepithelial space remained widened with mild fibrous change and capillary dilatation, and slight hyperplasia of epithelial cells persisted 42 days after obstruction. In purulent otitis media (POM), which followed inoculation of pneumococci into the middle ears, metaplasia of the epithelial layer from flat to columnar cells was observed. The subepithelial space was widened with loose fibrous connective tissue proliferation, vascular dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Both lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lysozyme levels in MEE were higher in the POM group than in the SOM group. When bacterial enzymes, hyaluronidase and lipase activity were measured in MEE and plotted together with the percentage of positive culture of the MEE at different times after the experimental infection, the enzyme activities decreased with the clearing of bacteria and along with the resorption of inflammatory changes of middle ear mucosa evidenced by histology. In human MEE studies, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) of MEE were higher than in serum except IgM in serous MEE. The IgG content of MEE in the culture-negative group was higher than in the culture-positive group. Possible mechanisms for this difference were discussed.
...
PMID:Biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of middle ear effusions in relation to bacteriological findings. 677


<< Previous 1 2 3 Next >>

---