Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Four media are used to isolate enterocytes from the jejunum of the mouse (basic medium with either hyaluronidase, dispase, pronase, or EDTA). During incubation the intestinal wall is gently agitated. Layers of epithelial cells rather than single cells are removed from the mucosal surface by these procedures. Small groups of enterocytes and single cells can be obtained by further mechanical agitation, e.g. by repeatedly washing the isolated epithelia. Similar morphological findings (transmission and scanning electron microscopy) are obtained after using the various isolation media. Only with EDTA a dilatation of the endoplasmic reticulum is regularly seen. Isolation of the enterocytes starts from the tip of the intestinal villus. The straight apical surface becomes convex and the most lateral microvilli of the brush border desintegrate. The opening of the terminal bars can be observed. Surface differentiations on the lateral cell surfaces of isolated enterocytes become less obvious and disappear. This is discussed with respect to the so-called "lateral vacuoles" which appear in isolated enterocytes. Large spherical protrusions are developed at the basal surface of enterocytes. The cell membrane covering these protrusions is frequently found to be discontinuous. No other cell organelles than ribosomes are to be seen inside of these protrusions. Membrane-bound vesicles are also frequently seen. It is suggested that the basal spherical protrusions are casted off.
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PMID:[Grid electron microscopy studies of isolated intestinal epithelium]. 679 8

The relative acyltransferase activities were compared in homogenates of rat jejunal villus and crypt cells isolated by differential scraping and hyaluronidase dispersion. The contributions of the monoacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid pathways to the higher acylglycerol and phospholipid biosynthesis were assessed using 2-oleoyl-sn-[3H] glycerol and [I-14C] palmitic acid as tracers. The stereochemical course of the diacylglycerol biosynthesis was determined by stereospecific analysis. Using 2-oleoyl-sn-glycerol as a tracer, the villus cells exhibited for times higher diacylglycerol and 19 times higher triacylglycerol biosynthesis than crypt cells on an equivalent protein basis. Furthermore, while the villus cell homogenates yielded a preponderance (75%) of the 1, 2-diacyl-sn-glycerols, the crypt cell homogenates formed essentially racemic proportions of 1, 2- and 2,3-diacyl-sn-glycerols. Both villus and crypt cell homogenates exhibited comparable acyl acceptor and acyl donor concentration dependence and the same cofactor requirements. It is unlikely that these acyltransferase activities in the crypt cell preparation are due to contamination with the villus cells, because then more comparable proportions of the enantiomeric diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols would have been anticipated. It is concluded that the crypt cells possess intrinsic monoacylglycerol and to a much lesser extent diacylglycerol acyltransferase activities, which are acquired prior to the development of a distinct brush border and which probably do not require dietary stimulus for induction.
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PMID:Relative acylglycerol acyltransferase activities in homogenates of enzymically dispersed rat jejunal villus and crypt cells. 705 95

Six cases of localized benign papillary mesothelioma of peritoneum were retrieved from laboratory files over a 20-year period. One presented because of pain following torsion and the remaining five were incidental findings at operation. Light microscopy showed a delicate papillary stroma covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells often showed punctate periodic acid-Schiff staining of cytoplasm. The brush border and stroma showed alcian blue positive staining which was abrogated by prior incubation with hyaluronidase. Electron microscopy revealed typical features of mesothelial cells with long microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum in relation to mitochondria, bundles of microfilaments, and tight junctions. Between cells there was a series of intercommunicating channels containing occasional lymphocytes and debris. These features are compared with nodular mesothelial hyperplasia, malignant mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumours of the genital tract. The necessity to distinguish benign papillary mesothelioma from metastatic carcinoma is stressed and relies on the recognition of their mesothelial origin.
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PMID:Benign papillary mesothelioma of peritoneum: a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study of six cases. 721 74