Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We have detected the presence of nuclear 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) receptors in primary cultures of chick embryo hepatocytes and neurons. Hepatocytes were isolated from livers of embryos of 12, 16 and 19 days by treatment with 0.2% collagenase and hyaluronidase. They were plated at a density of 3-4 x 10(5)/35-mm petri dish in Ham's F-10 medium containing fetal calf serum, tryptose phosphate, and antibiotics. Cells were used for the binding assay at Day 3 of culture. Neurons from 8-day-old embryo brains were cultured in a serum-free medium at a density of 1.2 x 10(6) cells/35-mm petri dish and used for the binding assay after 7 days of culture. Biological activity of hepatocytes was determined by measuring insulin binding, inositol phosphate formation, and 5'-monodeiodinase activity. Neurons or glial cells in culture were identified by immunostaining with anti-neurofilaments and anti-glial fibrillary acidic protein antisera. Binding assay was performed with isolated nuclei and 0.4 M NaCl nuclear extracts. With the latter preparation, the Scatchard analysis showed, in both cells, a single, high-affinity, low-capacity T3 receptor. In the hepatocytes of 12-, 16-, and 19-day-old embryos association constants (Ka) were, respectively, 0.93 +/- 0.02, 0.74 +/- 0.03, and 0.56 +/- 0.04 nM-1, whereas the maximal binding capacities (MBC) were 2.26 +/- 0.2, 2.72 +/- 0.33, and 1.83 +/- 0.19 fmol/microgram DNA (mean +/- SE, n = 3). In neurons Ka was 1.25 +/- 0.53 nM-1 and MBC 0.59 +/- 0.14 fmol/microgram DNA (n = 3). The receptor had a sedimentation coefficient of 3.4 S, an estimated Mr of 59 kDa, and the following relative affinity for thyroid hormone analogues: TRIAC greater than L-T3 greater than L-T4. These data indicate that cultured hepatocytes and neurons of chick embryo contained T3 receptors with properties similar to those described in intact tissues from this and other species. Only the MBC of neurons was 50% lower than that observed in whole brain of embryo, but was comparable to values observed in cultured neurons from other species.
Gen Comp Endocrinol 1992 Feb
PMID:Characterization of 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine receptors in primary cultures of hepatocytes and neurons from chick embryo. 160 Dec 52

The aim of the present investigation was to define whether multisite subcutaneous (s.c.) administration in unanesthetized, unrestrained rabbits of human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (rec. IFN-alpha 2) either in saline, human albumin (ALB) solution (4, 7 and 10% final concentrations), or in a solution containing 75 U of hyaluronidase, modified the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the IFN plasma levels. Plasma disappearance rates of rec. IFN-alpha 2 were measured in rabbits after intravenous (i.v.) administration and the kinetic was adequately represented by a three-pools mammillary model. This model was the basis for evaluating the absorption and distribution of rec. IFN-alpha 2 after s.c. administration. The increase of ALB concentration (from 4 to 10%) caused a significant reduction of the plasma IFN Cmax while both the mean residence time and the release time of IFN increased linearly with the ALB concentration. The data support the postulation that s.c. administration of albumin acts as an interstitial fluid expander and may favour absorption of IFN via lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. Improvement of therapeutic index of IFN by using this route remains to be shown in clinical trials.
Gen Pharmacol 1986
PMID:The lymphatic route--II. Pharmacokinetics of human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 injected with albumin as a retarder in rabbits. 394 53

Epithelial cells of the toad bladder were disaggregated with EDTA, trypsin, hyaluronidase, or collagenase and were then scraped free of the underlying connective tissue. In most experiments EDTA was complexed with a divalent cation before the tissue was scraped. Q(OO2), sucrose and inulin spaces, and electrolytes of the isolated cells were measured. Cells disaggregated by collagenase or hyaluronidase consumed O(2) at a rate of 4 microl hr(-1) dry wt(-1). Q(OO2) was increased 50% by ADH (100 U/liter) or by cyclic 3',5'-AMP (10 mM/liter). Na(+)-free Ringer's depressed the Q(OO2) by 40%. The Q(OO2) of cells prepared by trypsin treatment or by two EDTA methods was depressed by Na(+)-free Ringer's but was stimulated relatively little by ADH. Two other EDTA protocols produced cells that did not respond to Na(+) lack or ADH. The intracellular Na(+) and K(+) concentrations of collagenase-disaggregated cells were 32 and 117 mEq/kg cell H(2)O, respectively. Cation concentrations of hyaluronidase cells were similar, but cells that did not respond to ADH had higher intracellular Na(+) concentrations. Cells unresponsive to ADH and Na(+) lack had high sucrose spaces and low transcellular membrane gradients of Na(+), K(+), and Cl(-). The results suggest that trypsin and EDTA disaggregation damage the active Na(+) transport system of the isolated cell. Certain EDTA techniques may also produce a general increase in permeability. Collagenase and hyaluronidase cells appear to function normally.
J Gen Physiol 1968 Jun
PMID:Isolated epithelial cells of the toad bladder. Their preparation, oxygen consumption, and electrolyte content. 430 Jan 50

Treatment of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus with proteolytic enzymes, hyaluronidase, and phospholipase C increased infectious titres. Biochemical analysis of bromelain- and trypsin-treated virus revealed that infectivity was high in spite of the decrease to low or undetectable levels of all viral glycoproteins as well as partial degradation of the nucleoprotein.
J Gen Virol 1984 Aug
PMID:Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus. VII. Structural alterations of the virion by treatment with proteolytic enzymes without loss of infectivity. 637 2

There cutaneous propionibacteria - Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum and P. granulosum - were grown in chemostats using semi-synthetic medium with various concentrations of glucose. Biomass rose with increasing glucose concentration up to 0.3-0.4% (w/v) and then remained constant. Propionibacterium granulosum had both a low yield and low mumax when grown in the absence of glucose suggesting that this organism is essentially 'saccharolytic' in its nutrition. In contrast, P. acnes and P. avidum had higher growth yields than P. granulosum and showed their highest mumax values in the absence of glucose. Extracellular lipase, hyaluronidase (hyaluronate lyase) and acid phosphatase activities varied with different glucose concentrations, but in all cases were lowest at the highest glucose concentration tested (0.5%, w/v).
J Gen Microbiol 1981 Dec
PMID:Effects of glucose concentration n biomass, maximum specific growth rate and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous Propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. 734 43

A mucopolysaccharidase derived from a pathogenic strain of Bacteroides distasonis was isolated and purified by fractionation with cold acetone and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose, pH 8.0. Three detectable enzyme activities from concentrated supernatant filtrates were obtained in a fraction precipitated by three volumes of cold acetone; these were DNAase, hyaluronidase and chondroitinase-like activity. Separation of the DNAase was achieved by ion-exchange chromatography. Fractions designated as purified mucopolysaccharidase contained both hyaluronidase and chondroitinase-like activity.
J Gen Microbiol 1980 Jul
PMID:Purification of a mucopolysacharidase from Bacteroides distasonis. 741 Nov 19

A recombinant lambda phage was identified in a Clostridium perfringens genomic library by means of its ability to hydrolyse the fluorescent substrate 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-beta-D-glucosaminide, isolated and shown to encode an endo-beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase. This enzyme, NagH, is also known as hyaluronidase, or Mu toxin, a putative virulence factor which is likely to act on connective tissue during gas gangrene. Nucleotide sequence analysis allowed the primary structure to be deduced and showed hyaluronidase to be a large exported protein of 114,392 Daltons and an enzyme of this size, endowed with the corresponding activities, was partially purified from C. perfringens. Hyaluronidase seems to be organised into two domains, an N-terminal region comprising 700 amino acids bearing the active site and a 300-residue C-terminal segment, containing three copies of an extended motif. Two other reading frames, linked to nagH, also appear to encode proteins with sugar-binding motifs.
Mol Gen Genet 1994 Apr
PMID:Molecular genetic analysis of the nagH gene encoding a hyaluronidase of Clostridium perfringens. 817 18

The changes of molecular size of hyaluronan during enzymatic reaction of bovine testicular hyaluronidase at different conditions are monitored by size exclusion high performance liquid chromatography. The effect of glucuronate, galacturonate, glucosamines and pyridoxin as potential inhibitors of hydrolysis is evaluated. The most effective of all tested inhibitors was the presence of glucuronate which not only inhibited the hydrolysis, but also initiated enzymatic reconstruction by transglycosylation reaction at pH 7.0 and absence of any buffer or salt. That effect was not found in the presence of a salt or with any other of the compounds tested.
Gen Physiol Biophys 2002 Dec
PMID:Effect of gluco-monosaccharides and different conditions on digestion of hyaluronan by testicular hyaluronidase. 1269 17

1. It has been shown that a number of proteolytic enzymes and snake venom, in relatively small amounts, and within a wide range of pH variation, will restore hyaluronidase activity after its inhibition by serum. 2. The known properties of the venom protease are found to be identical with those of Haas' "proinvasin I." It is concluded that the protease of the venom offers adequate explanation for the effects previously attributed to "proinvasin I." 3. Proteolytic activity is found in hyaluronidase preparations of bovine origin and is considered to be responsible for the reversal of inhibition of hyaluronidase by serum.
J Gen Physiol 1953 Jan
PMID:The action of venom and proteolytic enzymes on the non-specific inhibitor of hyaluronidase. 1302 32

1. Following heat denaturation after an hour at boiling temperature bovine testicular hyaluronidase has been shown to undergo spontaneous reactivation. 2. This reactivation is a function of the temperature at which the enzyme solution is maintained. 3. Secondary inactivation was observed to follow a reactivation of the enzyme at all concentrations observed. 4. There is a relationship between hydrolysis by the enzyme and the purity of the substrate. The demonstration of activity of the freshly boiled enzyme by the turbidimetric reduction technique is dependent upon the purity of the substrate. 5. These reactions have been demonstrated using preparations of bovine and avian hyaluronic acid and porcine chondroitin sulfate.
J Gen Physiol 1954 Jan 20
PMID:The reactivation of heat-inactivated hyaluronidase. 1311 6


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