Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

369 staphylococcal strains isolated from clinical material were examined for tubeagglutination with sensitized sheep red cells in a standardized assay to study its reliability for routine identification of S. aureus. Colonies isolated from blood agar plates correlated in 99.5% with the (optimized) coagulase reaction. The test is easily to perform and results can be read after 2 hours, whereas the reference methods coagulase, hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease took as much as 24 h. The reliability of these tests is discussed.
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PMID:[Protein-A-hemagglutination test, a reliable method for rapid identification of S. aureus (author's transl)]. 742 45

Penicillin tolerance among 67 strains of beta-hemolytic streptococci was examined by determining the ratio of the minimal bactericidal concentration to the minimal inhibitory concentration as 32 or greater. Tolerance was demonstrated in 15 group A strains and in 11.7, and 4 of groups B, C and G, respectively. Thereafter the effects of a subminimal inhibitory concentration (1/2 MIC) of penicillin on the bacterial products of four tolerant and four nontolerant strains (two of each Lancefield group) were analyzed and compared. The antibiotic caused a marked increase in the expression of the group carbohydrates for strains of group B. Penicillin was found to reduce the cell-bound hemolysin activities of the four tolerant strains and to increase the activity of the other (free) form of nontolerant groups A, C and G hemolysins. Penicillin caused an increase in the extracellular hyaluronidase activities of one group A and groups B, C and G streptococci. With added antibiotic the production of deoxyribonuclease by tolerant groups A, C and G was greatly enhanced and that of the group B streptococcus was arrested.
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PMID:Penicillin tolerance among beta-hemolytic streptococci and production of the group carbohydrates, hemolysins, hyaluronidases and deoxyribonucleases. 855 60

Microbial growth in a Todd-Hewitt broth has been followed to determine the in-vitro post-antibiotic effects of penicillin in a Lancefield group A streptococcal strain. Bacteria were exposed for 2 h at 37 degrees C to 1 x MIC of penicillin. Following antibiotic removal, inactivation with penicillinase and regrowth in a drug-free broth, the duration of the effect was found to be 2.8 h. By studying the affinity of streptococci for xylene in the post-antibiotic phase we observed that the penicillin treatment had no effect on the cell surface hydrophobicity. The ability of the same streptococci to adhere to human buccal epithelial cells was greatly reduced. Streptococci exposed to penicillin produced much more deoxyribonuclease and hyaluronidase than control bacteria.
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PMID:Penicillin post-antibiotic effects on the biology of group A streptococci. 883 11

We studied the postantibiotic effect of penicillin G on bacterial growth of two strains of Streptococcus anginosus by optical density readings of the cultures and by counting the numbers of viable cells. Duration of the effect of the drug in concentrations equivalent to the MICs after exposure for 2 h was 3.4 and 3.5 h. The production of streptococcal substances was examined during the postantibiotic phase. The antibiotic caused an increase in deoxyribonuclease and a decrease in both free and cell-bound hemolysin activities of one strain. The other strain displayed an increase in hyaluronidase and both free and bound hemolysin production.
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PMID:Postantibiotic effect of penicillin on Streptococcus anginosus. 886 72

Sputum analysis is a useful technique for the study of airway inflammation. In asthma, dithiothreitol (DTT) is used to disperse cells from surrounding mucus; however, the applicability of these processing methods to cystic fibrosis (CF) sputum is unknown. In order to compare two methods for processing sputum of patients with CF, sputum was obtained from 11 subjects with CF (8 female, aged 9-21 years). The sample was split into 2 portions and sputum dispersal using DTT was compared with an enzyme mixture (E) of deoxyribonuclease, hyaluronidase, and galactosidase. Outcomes assessed were sample quality, cell viability (percent cells excluding trypan blue), total cell count (TCC), neutrophil count, and elastase immunoreactivity (percent cells positive). Sample quality (enzymes vs. DTT, 8.3 +/- 0.3 vs 7.6 +/- 0.4, mean +/- SEM) and cell viability (enzymes vs. DTT, 75.0% vs. 68.0%, median) were similar for both methods. Sputum total cell count (20.5 x 10(6)/ml vs. 12.0 x 10(6)/ml, median; P = 0.01) and neutrophil count (13.4 x 10(6)/ml vs. 5.5 > 10(6)/ml, median; P = 0.02) were significantly higher with E. Elastase immunoreactivity was lost after processing with E (19.0% vs. 39.5%, median; P = 0.04). When purified peripheral blood neutrophils were incubated with DTT and E, there was no reduction in neutrophil viability, suggesting that the reduced neutrophil number in CF sputum was not due to a toxic effect of DTT but rather incomplete dispersal. We conclude that published sputum processing methods for asthma using DTT give false results when applied to CF sputum, which should be processed using an enzyme mixture.
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PMID:Comparison of sputum processing techniques in cystic fibrosis. 901 74

In human colorectal cancer it has been reported that some tumours lack the HLA-ABC antigens. This has been interpreted as reflecting tumour escape from the immune system. Earlier data have been obtained by immunohistochemistry. In this study, we compared the expression of HLA-ABC, HLA-DR, CD80 (B7-1) and CD54 (ICAM-1) in 20 tumours using both a conventional immunohistochemistry two-layer technique and multiparameter flow cytometry, gating on an epithelial cell marker. Colorectal cancer tissue used in flow cytometry was dissociated with collagenase, deoxyribonuclease and hyaluronidase. The intensity of expression of HLA-ABC, HLA-DR and CD80 was unaffected by the enzymes, but CD54 was decreased by 30%. The reproducibility of flow cytometry was good. Microscopy of sections revealed that about 5% of each tumour sample consisted of normal epithelium, but even after correction for this, flow cytometry was superior to immunohistochemistry in 33 out of 80 cases, and showed that tumours described as HLA-ABC negative by immunohistochemistry were in fact weakly positive for HLA-ABC. We conclude that flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry are complementary, and that flow cytometry is superior to immunohistochemistry for detecting antigens/epitopes present in low amounts.
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PMID:A comparison of flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry in human colorectal cancers. 967 94

It is hoped that amniotic epithelial cells can be useful in cell-mediated gene therapy. We report here an experimental cell transplantation model of amniotic cells in rats. There is an anatomical difference between human and rodent embryos. We established a method to isolate amniotic cells that are equivalent to human amniotic epithelial cells. An amniotic membrane distinct from the yolk sac was carefully collected and teased in saline containing deoxyribonuclease and hyaluronidase, followed by collagenase digestion. The cell yield was approximately 10(6) cells per pregnant female (10(5) cells per fetus), roughly in proportion to the age of fetus used, and 60% of the isolated cells were attached to the dish under culture conditions. Telomerase activity was higher in the cells isolated from fetuses in the middle stage (day 13.5 to 15.5) than in the late stage (day 17.5 to 21.5). Adherent cells exhibited two to three times more cell division, resulting in a ninefold increase in the number of cells. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that approximately half of the adherent cells were albumin positive and formed clusters. The senescent cells survived for 2 months without apparent morphological changes. The adherent cells were able to be stored in liquid nitrogen and had a viability of 70% when thawed. Gene transduction with adenovirus vector was highly effective for rat amniotic cells. Transplantation of lacZ transfected amniotic cells into syngeneic rat liver resulted in the integration of the transplanted cells in the liver structure and the cells survived for at least 30 days.
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PMID:Cytological examination of rat amniotic epithelial cells and cell transplantation to the liver. 1154 66

Beining, Paul R. (The Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C.) and E. R. Kennedy. Characteristics of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus grown in vivo and in vitro. J. Bacteriol. 85:732-741. 1963.-A comparative survey was conducted on the characteristics of a strain of Staphylococcus aureus after it had been grown in vitro (VSB) and after it had been collected from the peritoneal exudate of an infected guinea pig (GSB). Both VSB and GSB strains gave the same results when studied in an extensive series of tests, including bound and soluble coagulases, bacteriophage type, antibiotic-sensitivity pattern, the usual fermentation reactions, deoxyribonucleic acid base composition, and qualitative tests for hemolysins, deoxyribonuclease, ribonuclease, staphylokinase, staphyloprotease, lipase, and phosphatase. The in vivo strain differed significantly from the in vitro strain in respiratory rate, agar gel diffusion studies, agglutinability in tube tests, virulence tests in rabbits and mice, growth on tellurite-glycine agar, susceptibility to human gamma-globulin in agar, and in the quantitative production of deoxyribonuclease, alpha-hemolysin, leucocidin, and hyaluronidase.
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PMID:CHARACTERISTICS OF A STRAIN OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS GROWN IN VIVO AND IN VITRO. 1404 37

The study analyzed serum hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease activity in patients with early arthritis--early rheumatoid arthritis and acute reactive arthritis. The criteria of their differential diagnostics were developed on the basis of data obtained. The genuine methods were applied to analyze hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease activity of blood serum based on formation of clot of etacridine acetate (rivanol) with hyaluronic acid and DNA inversely proportionally to their polymerization under the impact of enzymes. The increased serum hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease activity was established in patients with early arthritis as compared with control group (p < 0.001). The prevalence of mentioned types of activity under early rheumatoid arthritis as compared with acute reactive arthritis was detected too. The rests for differentiate diagnostics of early rheumatoid arthritis and acute reactive arthritis were developed conformed to criteria of the most useful diagnostic tests in rheumatology.
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PMID:[The criteria of differentiated diagnostics of early arthritis on the basis of analysis of serum hyaluronidase and deoxyribonuclease activity]. 2326 51


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