Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Esterase release was investigated in male and female submandibular glands of 5 strains of mice (ICR/BR, ND/4BR, SW/BR, DDS/Cox and C57BL/6BR) using dispersed cells prepared by treatment with collagenase and hyaluronidase. The muscarinic-cholinergic agonist methacholine stimulated esterase release in C57BL/6BR, DDS/Cox and SW/BR females and DDS/Cox males in a dose-dependent manner, but did not stimulate esterase release in ICR/BR and ND/4BR strains of both sexes. The percentage release of esterase over control in response to methacholine in females was of the descending order: C57BL/6BR, DDS/Cox, SW/BR, ND/4BR, ICR/BR. There was a close relationship between the percentage release of esterase by methacholine and the esterase activity in homogenate of submandibular gland. The lower the esterase content in the homogenate of mouse submandibular gland, the higher the percentage release of esterase by methacholine stimulation in the dispersed cells.
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PMID:Intraspecies variation in methacholine-stimulated esterase release from mouse submandibular gland. 634 93

Histochemical procedures for the mouse sperm enzymes hyaluronidase, esterase and acrosin were used to test the inhibitory effects of the low molecular weight hyaluronidase inhibitor sodium aurothiomalate (Myocrisin): hyaluronidase and esterase, but not acrosin, were inhibited. These enzymes were also inhibited in testis homogenates when assayed spectrophotometrically. These results suggest that the antifertility effects of sodium aurothiomalate may be due to the inhibition of several sperm enzymes including both hyaluronidase and esterase. These histochemical assays may be useful for in-vivo detection of chemicals that affect male fertility.
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PMID:Histochemical evaluation of sodium aurothiomalate inhibition of mouse sperm enzymes. 642 May 52

Advanced human periodontitis is considered to be a B-cell lesion, but the cellular infiltrate contains several cell types, the distribution of which has not been determined. This experiment was designed to characterize and identify the immunocompetent cells on histological sections and in eluates from diseased human gingiva. Immunoglobulin-bearing cells were detected on histological sections by direct immunofluorescence with F(ab')2 antisera monospecific for human immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgA, or IgM. Plasma cells predominated in the central portion of the lamina propria, with the proportions positive for IgG, IgA, and IgM accounting for 65.2 +/- 9.5, 11.2 +/- 1.1, and 1.3 +/- 1.1% of the total infiltrating cells, respectively. T lymphocytes, identified by indirect immunofluorescence with monoclonal antibody (Leu-1) against human T cells, accounted for 29.3 +/- 10.0% of the total infiltrated cells. Most of the T cells were located subjacent to the pocket epithelium, but there were a few in the central lamina propria. Similarly, Fc receptor-bearing cells detected by EA rosetting and macrophages and monocytes detected by nonspecific esterase staining with alpha-naphthylbutyrate esterase were also localized to the region immediately subjacent to the pocket epithelium. Infiltrated cells were harvested from minced gingival tissue after digestion with collagenase, hyaluronidase, and DNase. The eluates contained 35.3 +/- 6.0% T lymphocytes, 30.0 +/- 14.9% Fc receptor-bearing cells, and 12.9 +/- 4.4% monocytes and macrophages. Whereas T gamma cells comprised 13.3 +/- 1.4% of peripheral blood T cells, they accounted for only 6.0 +/- 2.0% of the eluate T cells. In contrast, T mu cells accounted for 44.7 +/- 4.9% of the T cells in the eluates and 51.6 +/- 4.4% in the peripheral blood. The decreased proportion of T gamma cells in the gingiva may indicate a form of abnormal immune regulation concerned with T suppression of B-cell proliferation.
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PMID:Identification and distribution of immunocompetent cells in inflamed gingiva of human chronic periodontitis. 660 70

Pronase-resistant low molecular weight stimulators for the activation of proacrosin to acrosin were found in rhesus monkey oviduct fluid collected before, during and after ovulation, but the presence of high concentrations of acrosin inhibitors before and after ovulation partly masked the stimulation in unfractionated fluid. This low molecular weight fraction of oviduct fluid had no detectable esterase or amidase activity by itself, and the stimulating factors were sensitive to digestion by hyaluronidase and chondroitin ABC lyase and were presumed to be glycosaminoglycans. Heparin and hyaluronic acid had similar effects. The presence of soluble glycosaminoglycans at the site of fertilization suggests that they may have a role in capacitation and fertilization.
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PMID:Stimulation of rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) proacrosin activation by oviduct fluid. 700 Oct 8

The cortical layer of the vitreous body of the eye contains a homogeneous population of hyalocytes. These cells were prepared from human autopsy eyes under sterile conditions by incubating the vitreous gel in tissue culture medium containing 300 micrograms/ml hyaluronidase. With the use of trypan blue staining, 60% to 90% of the cells were viable; they stained strongly for an intracellular nonspecific esterase with alpha-napthylacetate as a substrate. This staining could not be inhibited by sodium fluoride. The hyalocytes showed adherence to glass and plastic surfaces and phagocytosed latex spheres of 1.1 micrometer diameter. On their surface, receptors for IgG and complement components could be demonstrated with a rosette-forming technique using sensitized sheep erythrocytes. All these features strongly support the assumption that hyalocytes are mature cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system.
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PMID:Macrophage-like properaties of human hyalocytes. 735 86

Venoms from two related Australian ants, a jumper ant (Myrmecia pilosula) and a bulldog ant (Myrmecia pyriformis), were quantitatively analysed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase A2, phospholipase B, phospholipase C, hyaluronidase, esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. Both venoms contained phospholipase A2, phospholipase B, hyaluronidase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities. Myrmecia pyriformis venom had significantly greater phospholipase B, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase activities than Myrmecia pilosula venom. No detectable quantities of phospholipase C, esterase or phosphodiesterase activities were found in either venom.
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PMID:Some enzymic activities of two Australian ant venoms: a jumper ant Myrmecia pilosula and a bulldog ant Myrmecia pyriformis. 772 23

Africanized honey bees and the wasp Polistes versicolor are common insects in Brazil; their venoms are composed of a complex mixture of components which present several biological activities. Stinging accidents are very frequent and are generally followed by important clinical reactions, and even deaths are not uncommon. In the present study, venom was extracted from Africanized honey bees and P. versicolor, and it was biochemically characterized and the antigenic cross-reactivity was investigated by Western blot analysis and specific IgE determination by ELISA in the sera of subjects allergic to each venom. The honey bee venom presented higher phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase activities than P. versicolor venom, which in turn presented higher lipase, acid phosphatase and esterase activities. A high incidence of false-negatives was also observed during determinations of specific IgE for P. versicolor venom when the kits with venoms from wasps of temperate climates were used, suggesting that the diagnosis of allergy to neotropical wasp venom must take into consideration the clinical history and skin tests.
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PMID:Biochemical properties and study of antigenic cross-reactivity between Africanized honey bee and wasp venom. 808 40

Venoms from the scorpaeniformes Synanceja trachynis and Gymnapistes marmoratus were quantitatively analyzed for enzymic activity. S. trachynis venom displayed significantly higher hyaluronidase activity than G. marmoratus venom, and G. marmoratus venom displayed significantly higher levels of esterase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase activity. No detectable quantities of phospholipase A2 activity were found in G. marmoratus venom. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of S. trachynis venom indicated the presence of 6 protein bands (20 kDa-295 kDa). G. marmoratus venom displayed 8 protein bands (11 kDa-109 kDa).
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PMID:Enzyme and biochemical studies of stonefish (Synanceja trachynis) and soldierfish (Gymnapistes marmoratus) venoms. 965 39

The involvement of hyaluronic acid (HA) oligosaccharides and blood-derived mononuclear cells in inflammatory processes prompted us to determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) possess hyaluronidase activity. PBMC were incubated with macromolecular-tritiated HA at pH 3.8 and supernatants were analysed by size exclusion chromatography to reveal digestion of HA. This digestion was due to the CD14-positive (CD14+), adherent, non-specific esterase-positive, subpopulation of PBMC. Hyaluronidase activity (72 kDa) was found in aqueous and non-ionic detergent PBMC extracts but not in the medium in which the cells had been cultured. These results indicate that hyaluronidase is, at least in part, linked to the membrane rather than excreted. Hence, monocytes have one or more hyaluronidases that can generate a pool of active HA fragments within tissues. Hyaluronidase activity was also found in 3/3 myelomonocytic lineage leukaemias but not in 3/3 lymphoblastic leukaemias.
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PMID:Human monocytes synthesize hyaluronidase. 1235 26

The aim of this work has been the preparation and characterization of novel hydrogels with polysaccharide-poly(amino acid) structure having suitable physicochemical properties for pharmaceutical applications. In the first step, hyaluronic acid (HA) and alpha,beta-poly(N-2-hydroxyethyl)-DL-aspartamide (PHEA) have been derivatized with methacrylic anhydride (AMA), thus obtaining HA-AMA and PHM derivatives, respectively. In the second step, aqueous solutions of both these derivatives have been irradiated at 313 nm to obtain chemical hydrogels. The hydrogel obtained by irradiating for 15 min an aqueous solution containing 4% w/v of HA-AMA and 4% w/v of PHM resulted in the highest yield. Its swelling ability was dependent on the pH and nature of the external medium. Besides, this hydrogel undergoes a partial hydrolysis, especially in the presence of enzymes, such as esterase or hyaluronidase, but the entity of this degradation is lower than that observed for a hydrogel based on HA-AMA alone. The ability of this hydrogel to entrap drug molecules has been evaluated by using thrombin as a model drug. In vitro release studies and a platelet aggregation test demonstrated that the HA-AMA/PHM hydrogel is able to release thrombin in the active form, thus suggesting its suitability for the treatment of hemorrhages.
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PMID:Photo-cross-linked hydrogels with polysaccharide-poly(amino acid) structure: new biomaterials for pharmaceutical applications. 1660 53


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