Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

1. Intact cells, cell fragments (membranes) and matrix vesicles were isolated from the proliferating and calcifying layers of epiphyseal cartilage by sequential hyaluronidase and collagenase digestion and differential centrifugation. Lipids were extracted and analyzed for various lipid classes and their fatty acid composition by column, thin-layer, paper and gas-liquid chromatography. 2. On a protein basis the isolated matrix vesicles had more total lipid than either the membrane or cell fractions, the vesicles and membranes being richer in non-polar lipids and containing smaller quantities of phospholipids than whole cells. Expressed as a percentage of the total lipid, the cells were richer in triacylglycerols and lower in free fatty acids than in the membrane or vesicle fractions. The proportion of free cholesterol and the cholesterol/phospholipid ratio were nearly twice as high in the matrix vesicles as in the other tissue fractions. Choline and ethanolamine phosphoglycerides progressively declined in the membrane and matrix vesicle fractions, whereas serine phosphoglycerides and sphinogomyelin increased. Non-phosphorus-containing polar lipids were present in all fractions, the vesicles being richer in polyhexosyl ceramides, cerebrosides, glycosyldiacylglycerols and certain uncharacterized acidic polar lipids. 3. Fatty acid patterns of the matrix vesicles were distinctive from those of isolated cells, being generally richer in 18 : 0 and 18 : 2, and lower in 16 : 1 and 18 : 1 fatty acids. Monoacyl forms were similarly increased in 16 : 0 and/or 18 : 0, and reduced in 16 : 1, 18 : 1 or 20 : 2 fatty acids, depending on the lipid class. The fatty acid composition of diphosphatidylglycerol from cells and matrix vesicles was markedly different, providing evidence that the cardiolipin in the vesicles was not from mitochondrial components. 4. Based on the fact that the matrix vesicles were significantly enriched in free cholesterol, sphingomyelin, glycolipids and serine-phosphoglycerides, it is concluded that they are derived from the plasma membrane of the cell, supporting earlier conclusions based upon morphological and enzymological evidence.
 ...
PMID:Lipid composition of isolated epiphyseal cartilage cells, membranes and matrix vesicles. 118 91

The mechanism of the biosynthesis of albumin was studied in cell suspensions from rat liver. The cells were prepared by continuous perfusion of the liver in situ with 0.05% collagenase and 0.10% hyaluronidase and incubated under conditions optimized for the incorporation of amino acids into protein. Seven minutes after starting the incubation L-[1-14C]leucine was added, followed after 25 min by a 15 or 30-min chase with an 830-fold excess of non-radioactive L-leucine. Total protein, an albumin-like protein, and albumin were isolated from samples withdrawn immediately of total protein was found to remain constant after addition of the non-radioactive L-leucine, whereas that of the albumin-like protein decreased and that of albumin increased with incubation time. The increase in albumin radioactivity accounted for the decrease in radioactivity of the albumin-like protein, suggesting that the latter is a precursor of albumin. The precursor protein differed from albumin by an oligopeptide extension at the N-terminal end.
 ...
PMID:Synthesis of albumin via a precursor protein in cell suspensions from rat liver. 126 47

Cells were obtained from the mammary glands of sheep and cows by collagenase-hyaluronidase digestion. Characterization of cells as epithelial was by reaction with a monoclonal antibody to cytokeratin. A subpopulation of spindle-shaped or stellate cells reacted with a monoclonal antibody to desmin and may be related to myoepithelial cells. The development is described of a simple serum-free culture system for these cells on gels of rat tail (type 1) collagen. A commercial medium (M199) was used, buffered with Hepes and with bovine serum albumin as the sole protein supplement, plus fibronectin for the first 18 h only as an attachment factor. The cell cultures showed stimulated DNA synthesis in response to mitogens on attached gels and also responded as floating cultures to lactogenic hormones with production of alpha-lactalbumin.
 ...
PMID:Characteristics of ruminant mammary epithelial cells grown in primary culture in serum-free medium. 128 Jun 56

In frog cutaneous-pectoris muscles the frequency of slowly rising atypical miniature endplate potentials (MEPPs) was significantly enhanced after collagenase (0.1%) treatment. Treatment with trypsin, hyaluronidase, hyper- and hypoosmotic solutions caused no changes in slowly rising MEPP (frequency in muscle fibers with intact acetylcholinesterase (AChE). Inhibition of AChE caused appearance of giant MEPPs. Acceleration of acetylcholine diffusion from synaptic cleft after treatment with hyaluronidase decreased giant MEPP frequency demonstrating their dependence upon nonhydrolyzed acetylcholine in synaptic cleft. The relation between slowly rising MEPPs and activity of synaptic Schwann cells in discussed.
 ...
PMID:[Atypical endplate miniature potentials in the frog neuromuscular junction after modification of the intercellular matrix and osmotic exposures]. 129 72

The interstitium is the final link in the transportation of nutrients from the bloodstream to the individual cells of an organism. To assess interstitial fluid transport in normal and inflamed tissue, the hydration (H, ml H2O/g dry wt) and hydraulic conductivity (Kp, 10(-8) cm2.s-1.cmH2O-1) of bovine pericardial stroma were determined. The effect of enzymes and neutrophil-derived products of inflammation on the properties of the interstitial model were determined. Samples of the pericardium were exposed separately to trypsin, elastase, hyaluronidase, collagenase, superoxide radicals, and hydrogen peroxide. After exposure, the tissues were washed repeatedly in physiological saline and equilibrated in transport chambers heated to 37 degrees C and pressurized to 50 cmH2O. Fluid flow across the tissues was monitored. A section of tissue was removed and weighed. The tissue section was subsequently dried and reweighed. Tissue thickness, H, and Kp were calculated. H and Kp of the control tissues were 2.82 +/- 0.04 and 1.71 +/- 0.07, respectively. Hydration was significantly increased (22-38%) by exposure to trypsin, elastase, collagenase, and superoxide radicals. Kp increased significantly (30-1055%) in the groups treated with trypsin, hyaluronidase, collagenase, and superoxide radicals. The inflammatory mediators generally increased the hydration and/or the hydraulic conductivity of the model. These results indicate that neutrophil-derived products could be involved in the development of interstitial edema during the inflammatory process.
 ...
PMID:Oxygen radicals, enzymes, and fluid transport through pericardial interstitium. 131 Feb 33

A significant percentage of cows (11%) fail to release the placenta within 12 h postpartum. Failure of collagen breakdown seems to be related to the retention of placentas. Sections of placentomes incubated with bacterial collagenase caused an increase in placentome proteolysis (6.6-fold) and placentome collagenolysis (94-fold) within 4 h in a dose-related fashion (r = 0.94). Injections of collagenase (825 U/cc) into the placentomes, via umbilical vessels, decreased the cotyledon-caruncle binding force (determined by manometry) to 30 +/- 5 mm Hg from 97 +/- 2 mm Hg, and increased proteolysis by 42% within 8 h (r = -0.95). Hyaluronidase at various concentrations (400-8 250 U/cc) and at various incubation times (up to 8 h) was not effective. Hyaluronidase (825 U/cc) and collagenase (825 U/cc) were not synergistic in loosening cotyledon-caruncle attachment. A single 15-min collagenase pulse, given prior to perfusion with collagenase-free blood, was as effective in loosening cotyledon attachment as was a sustained 2-h perfusion of blood with collagenase added. It was concluded that collagenase caused collagenolysis and loosening of cotyledon from caruncle, but collagenolysis and cotyledon-caruncle separation were not facilitated by the presence of hyaluronidase.
 ...
PMID:Bovine retained placenta: effects of collagenase and hyaluronidase on detachment of placenta. 131 81

Type VI collagen, a widespread structural component of connective tissues, has been isolated in abundance from fetal bovine skin by a procedure involving bacterial collagenase digestion under nonreducing, nondenaturing conditions and gel filtration chromatography. Rotary shadowing electron microscopic analysis revealed that the collagen VI was predominantly in the form of extensive intact microfibrillar arrays. These microfibrils were seen in association with hyaluronan, which was identified by its ability to bind the G1 fragment of cartilage proteoglycan. Treatment with highly purified hyaluronidase largely disrupted the collagen VI microfibrils into component tetramers, double tetramers, and short microfibrillar sections. Subsequent incubation of disrupted collagen VI in the presence of hyaluronan facilitated a partial repolymerization of the microfibrils. In vitro binding studies have also demonstrated that type VI collagen binds hyaluronan with a relatively high affinity. These studies demonstrate that a specific structural relationship exists between type VI collagen and hyaluronan. This association is likely to be of primary importance in the growth and remodeling processes of connective tissues.
 ...
PMID:Type VI collagen microfibrils: evidence for a structural association with hyaluronan. 132 68

Although it is known that rapid expansion of the vertebrate brain begins near the time that the spinal neurocoel is occluded, it still remains unknown when occlusion occurs in relation to neurulation. Since both morphogenetic events are critical for normal brain growth, it is important to decipher the temporal relationship between the two processes. This study assessed the temporal relationship of the two events with the rationale that if it could be demonstrated that occlusion occurs coincident with the completion of neurulation, then it could be argued that factors shown to direct neurulation could also initiate occlusion. Nearly 600 chick embryos (stages 9- through 12+) were cultured atop egg-agar, the caudal extent of neurulation determined, the cranial five pairs of somites removed and the neurocoels assessed for occlusion. In stage 9- through 10- chicks, neurulation of the spinal cord is incomplete. Stages 10 through 12+ exhibit neurulation and occlusion from the 8th to 19th somites. When lateral tissues were removed in embryos 8 through 10-, the neural folds became dysraphic whereas in embryos stage 10 and older, the folds remained fused dorsomedially and occluded. The only surgical manipulation that was found to prevent occlusion was elimination of the lateral tissues responsible for elevation and closure of the neural folds. Analysis of particular components of the lateral tissues essential for convergence, by treating embryos (n = 75) with chemicals known to degrade tissue-tissue bonds or specific components of the perineural matrix, indicated that more than 75% of the embryos treated with EDTA, EDTA plus Ca2+, trypsin, collagenase, or hyaluronidase exhibited little or no effect on convergence, dorsomedial fusion, and concomitant occlusion.
 ...
PMID:Evaluation of neural fold fusion and coincident initiation of spinal cord occlusion in the chick embryo. 132 5

Testes from adult (90-120-day-old) rats, which had been made cryptorchid 28 days previously, were dispersed by successive treatment with trypsin, collagenase and hyaluronidase. The resulting crude cell suspension was fractionated on discontinuous Percoll density gradients to yield five distinct cell bands (1-5), at the interface between successive layers of Percoll. Crude cells and purified fractions were cultured for up to 7 days, and inhibin was subsequently measured in the media by radioimmunoassay and in vitro bioassay. Sertoli cells from density gradient bands 2 (1.03-1.04 g/ml) and 3 (1.04-1.05 g/ml) showed minimal germ cell or peritubular cell contamination, as determined by morphological and histochemical techniques. Cells from these bands secreted significantly higher levels of immunoactive inhibin/microgram DNA/48 h under both basal and either follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)- (100 ng/ml) or dibutyryl cAMP-stimulated (100 micrograms/ml) conditions than did cells from the other bands. While there was a decline in basal secretion of inhibin with increasing duration of culture, the capacity of the purified Sertoli cells (bands 2 and 3) to respond to both FSH and dibutyryl cAMP increased over the culture period. The addition of dibutyryl cAMP (31.25-500 micrograms/ml) to the purified Sertoli cells also caused a stimulation of bioactive inhibin. Immunoactive inhibin production by purified Sertoli cells was unaffected by the addition of either rat LH (8 ng/ml) or testosterone (10(-6) M). The data describe a method for the isolation of adult Sertoli cells from cryptorchid testes, and demonstrate their responsiveness to both FSH and dibutyryl cAMP in vitro using the measurement of immunoactive inhibin as a marker of Sertoli cell function.
 ...
PMID:Characterisation of adult Sertoli cell cultures from cryptorchid rats: inhibin secretion in response to follicle-stimulating hormone stimulation. 135 83

The concept of mast cell heterogeneity has been studied extensively. Recently developed techniques to enzymatically disperse skin mast cells from human skin have shown that skin mast cells are somehow different from those of other organs such as lung and intestine. In this report, we have isolated and partially purified human skin mast cells from human neonatal foreskins by collagenase and hyaluronidase digestion. These mast cells are morphologically intact by histological, immunohistochemical and electron microscopic criteria. These human skin mast cells secrete histamine significantly (max. net histamine release, 20-30%) in a dose-related, temperature- and time-dependent fashion following stimulation with purified human C5a and C3a (over the ranges of 5 x 10(-8) M to 10(-7) M and 3 x 10(-7) M to 6 x 10(-6) M, respectively). On the other hand, interactions between human skin mast cells and other leukocytes have long been suspected of playing a very important role in cutaneous inflammation. Recently, a human neutrophil-derived histamine-releasing activity termed HRA-N was partially purified. HRA-N has been shown to cause human and rat basophil leukemia cells to degranulate. This study was also undertaken to assess the ability of HRA-N to directly induce histamine release from isolated human skin mast cells. HRA-N causes dose- and time-dependent histamine release as do human anaphylatoxins. These results suggest that HRA-N may lead to a better comprehension of allergic and inflammatory reactions and their modulation in the skin.
 ...
PMID:The effect of human anaphylatoxins and neutrophils on histamine release from isolated human skin mast cells. 137 10


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>