Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
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Russell's viper venom detoxified by gamma (gamma)-radiation (100 kR or 200 kR) was used as a toxoid for active immunization of rabbits following a short or long schedule of immunization without any adjuvant. Effective neutralization of venom toxin by immune sera of rabbits was observed with both schedules. Sera of rabbits immunized with 100 kR irradiated venom toxoid (100 kR toxoid antisera) were more potent than 200 kR toxoid antisera. The presence of antibody in the immune sera was detected by immunoelectrophoresis. The effect of gamma-radiation on some enzymes and venom protein profiles was studied. Phosphodiesterase, protease and hyaluronidase were inhibited by radiation though phospholipase A activity remained unaffected. Radiation did not produce any gross change in the protein profile of crude viper venom. Phosphodiesterase and protease activities of viper venom were neutralized more effectively by 100 kR toxoid antisera in the short schedule than in the long schedule of immunization.
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PMID:Active immunization of rabbit with gamma irradiated Russell's viper venom toxoid. 196 53

Venoms from 20 species of stinging Hymenoptera, including nine species of ants and nine species of social wasps, were quantitatively analyzed for the following enzymic activities: phospholipase A, hyaluronidase, lipase, esterase, protease, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and phosphodiesterase. Phospholipase and hyaluronidase were present in all the venoms, with activity levels generally higher among the wasps than the ants (P less than 0.05). Lipase was present in high activity in several social wasp venoms and one ant venom, in low levels in two other ant venoms and absent from four tested snake venoms. Two-carbon esterase activity was present in the venoms of five social wasps and one ant. Non-specific protease was present at very high activity levels in the venoms of an army ant species and was also present in the venoms of a social wasp and another ant. Acid phosphatase activity was present in eight of the nine ant venoms, but was essentially absent from all the social wasp venoms. Alkaline phosphatase activity was clearly detectable in the venoms of only two species of ants. Phosphodiesterase, an enzyme not previously detected in insect venoms, was present in the venoms of three closely related ant species. Venoms with generally high enzymic activities included those of Polistes infuscatus, Vespula (V.) squamosa and Pogonomyrmex badius; those with low activities included Dolichovespula maculata, Apoica pallens and Dasymutilla lepeletierii. The 20 venoms were ranked according to overall activity levels using the eight enzyme activities plus lethal, hemolytic and pain-inducing activities. They were also compared phylogenetically using these 11 activities.
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PMID:Comparative enzymology of venoms from stinging Hymenoptera. 354 39