Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

This paper reports an unrecognized aspect of phosphotungstic acid staining at low pH. It provides an on-section staining method in which sialic acid-containing molecules can be demonstrated in the laminae rarae of the rat glomerular basement membrane. The staining in the basement membrane became negative after perfusion with the following cations: protamine sulphate, hexadimethrine, Alcian Blue, Ruthenium Red and Toluidine Blue. Blocking was not achieved with Alcian Blue at about pH 1. The staining was also abolished after mild methylation and demethylation restored the contrast. This is suggestive of the involvement of carboxyl groups. Prior digestion with pronase, trypsin and neuraminidase rendered the laminae rarae negative, whereas hyaluronidase, chondroitinase ABC and crude heparinase were without effect. This indicates that sialic acid groups are detected by this method and that heparan sulphate does not interfere. The staining of the epithelial plasma membrane, also carrying sialic acid groups, remained positive after neuraminidase treatment. It is presumed that this method can be applied successfully for detecting changes in the sialic acid content of the laminae rarae in rat glomerular basement membranes under normal and pathological conditions.
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PMID:Demonstration of sialic acid groups in the glomerular basement membrane of the rat with phosphotungstic acid at low pH. 241 Mar 95

The consideration that mucosubstances act as sites of nucleation and salivary calculi growth prompted to this investigation. Nine calculi of the main excretory duct of the submandibular gland were decalcified and routinely embedded in paraffin. From the blocks serial sections were cut and stained with haematoxylin and eosin and the subsequent histochemical methods for mucosubstances. 1) Alcian Blue-PAS. 2) High Iron Diamine-Alcian Blue. 3) Alcian Blue with critical electrolyte concentration. 4) Alcian Blue before and after testicular hyaluronidase digestion. 5) Acrolein-Thionin-Shiff-PAS 6) Toluidine Blue. Neutral and acid glycoproteins originated from the submandibular gland were predominated in the organic matrix. Glycosaminoglycans probably originated from the connective tissue were detected in the outer areas of the organic matrix. In the central and peripheral parts of 3 salivary calculi spheroid bodies, 1-30 in diameter, were present. The spheroid bodies were unstained with all the histochemical methods for mucosubstances. It is possible the glycoproteins of the submandibular gland to act as nucleating sites in the formation of calculi or, to be passive constituents which are bound by the already formed crystals of the calculi.
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PMID:[Histochemical study on the mucosubstances of the calculi of the main excretory duct of the human submandibular gland]. 248 55

Collagen and acid glycosaminoglycans in the skin of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS) were examined by polarization microscopy. Picrosirius Red and Toluidine Blue (pH 5.8) were used as stains. Digestion with chondroitinase ABC or streptomyces hyaluronidase were also employed. Under polarized light, the Picrosirius Red-stained collagen appeared green at any stage in PSS and orange in controls. Toluidine Blue-induced birefringence at stage I diminished in the presence of 0.2 M MgCl2 and in stage II in the presence of 0.3 M MgCl2. The collagen fibrils in PSS skin were significantly smaller in diameter than in controls. These results suggest that the change of polarization colours is due to the modulation of collagen thickness caused by an increased accumulation of acid glycosaminoglycans.
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PMID:Polarization microscopic investigation of collagen and acid glycosaminoglycans in the skin of progressive systemic sclerosis (PSS). 766 Jul 36

Exquisite control of chondrocyte function in the zone of hypertrophy results in expansive growth of cartilaginous growth plates, and is a prerequisite for normal skeletal lengthening. We hypothesize that hyaluronan-mediated hydrostatic pressure causes lacunae expansion in the zone of hypertrophy; an important mechanism in cartilaginous growth plate and associated skeletal expansion. The role of hyaluronan and CD44 in this mechanism was studied using organ culture of the bipolar cranial base synchondroses. Hyaluronan was present in the hypertrophic zones, pericellular to the hypertrophic chondrocytes, while no hyaluronan was detected in the resting, proliferating and maturing zones. This localization of hyaluronan was associated with increased lacunae size, suggesting that chondrocytes deposit and retain pericellular hyaluronan as they mature. In comparison, Toluidine Blue staining was associated with the territorial matrix. Hyaluronidase, the hyaluronan-degrading enzyme, and CD44, the receptor for hyaluronan which also participates in the uptake and degradation of hyaluronan, were co-localized within the zone of ossification. This pattern of expression suggests that cells in the early zone of ossification internalize and degrade hyaluronan through a CD44-mediated mechanism. Treatment of the cultured segments with either Streptomyces hyaluronidase or hyaluronan hexasaccharides inhibited lacunae expansion. These observations demonstrate that hyaluronan-mediated mechanisms play an important role in controlling normal skeletal lengthening.
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PMID:Hyaluronan is essential for the expansion of the cranial base growth plates. 1110 Jul 35