Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Alcian blue (AB) was used for scanning electron microscope investigations on metaphyseal cartilage. In the pericellular area three-dimensional network connecting the cell membrane surface to the lacunar wall is evident. The network is formed by very long rod-like filaments about 50 nm thick. The segments may be interpreted as the proteoglycans (PGs) of the pericellular area. In the pericellular area in hypertrophic and degenerative zones, the rod-like segments are closely connected to "chain granules" which are the morphological expression of Ca-P non crystalline compounds. The rod-like segments are not at all evident either in glutaraldehyde-osmium fixed fragments or in predigested-(streptococcal hyaluronidase and chondroitinase) AB stained ones. It is concluded that AB is a good method to detect the three-dimensional spatial disposition of cartilage PGs.
J Electron Microsc (Tokyo) 1992 Dec
PMID:Scanning electron microscopy of proteoglycans in metaphyseal cartilage. 129 65

Male albino rats were treated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (1 mg/animal/day) + testosterone ananthate (100 micrograms/100 g body weight/day) for 30 and 60 days. After 30 days of treatment, all the testicular enzymes like beta-glucuronidase, hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, registered non-significant decrease in their values. Fifty percent of the treated animals achieved sterility after 30 days of treatment. After 60 days of treatment the testis showed degenerative changes in Golgi phase and late spermatids. Changes in the Golgi phase spermatids were related with degeneration of the nuclear membrane. Changes in the late phase spermatids included mitochondrial hypertrophy of the midpieces, membrane lysis, absence of cristae and degeneration of annulus leading to detachment of tail. Cytoplasm of luminal area displayed hypertrophied mitochondria devoid of cristae, prominent appearance of Golgi bodies, intense lysosomal activity and ample vacuolation. Tail fragments of degenerated spermatids prevailed in luminal cytoplasm. Except for beta-glucuronidase which registered a significant decrease, levels of all the other testicular enzymes, viz. hyaluronidase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were within their control limits. The ultrastructural and biochemical changes are correlated.
Indian J Exp Biol 1992 Dec
PMID:Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone ananthate on the testis of albino rats: ultrastructural and biochemical studies. 129 76

Three-dimensional alteration of fibrillar matrix in the rat mandibular condylar cartilage was investigated with a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) and it was determined whether alterations correlate with developing occlusion and advancing age. Two important SEM techniques of DMSO freeze-cracking and treatment with trypsin and hyaluronidase were employed to remove interfibrillar proteoglycans and disclose fibril arrangement. Our SEM investigation demonstrated that collagen fibrils in the fibrous zone covering hyaline-cartilaginous area in the condyle are thicker (50 to 80 nm in diameter) than the fibrils (30 to 50 nm in diameter) that predominantly constituted an interterritorial fibrillar matrix (IFM) in the area. While the thick fibrils had a distinct striation of about 55 nm periodicity, the thin fibrils had no distinguishable striation. The thick fibrils having a periodic striation of about 60 nm was found along with the thin fibrils, also in the IFM in the aged rats and in the deep IFM, but were considerably less than the thin fibrils. The fibrils in the fibrous zone and IFM were disorderly arranged at 19-day-insemination age. In 1-week-old rats whose incisors erupted, the fibrils constituting the fibrous zone altered from disordered to ordered arrangement. The IFM in these rats took the form of a network. Incorporation of small fibrillar bundles into the fibrillar network was seen in 2-week-old rats whose upper and lower first molars erupted. In 8-week-old rats whose molars had erupted completely, the IFM completely occupied by regularly oriented fibrils appeared additionally.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Anat Rec 1992 Dec
PMID:Ultrastructural alteration of cartilaginous fibril arrangement in the rat mandibular condyle as revealed by high-resolution scanning electron microscopy. 145 52

One of the major limitations of myoblast implantation as a therapy for muscular disease is that multiple injections by intramuscular implantation may be required for widespread delivery of cells. Also, some sites (eg, the diaphragm) are relatively inaccessible to injection. As an alternative, we have undertaken intra-arterial administration of myoblasts. For these experiments, we used donor cell myoblasts from the immortal L6 cell line labeled with lacZ via the beta-gal-at-gal retrovirus. In our model, target rat skeletal muscle (tibialis anterior [TA]) was injured using 0.5 ml of 0.5% bupivacaine and 15 IU of hyaluronidase; saline was injected into the contralateral side as a control. We infused 3 x 10(6) lacZ-positive cells into the abdominal aorta of previously injured, immunosuppressed (cyclosporine A) rats. At 7, 14, and 28 days, TA, liver, heart, lung, and spleen were examined for lacZ staining. In both the injured and control muscles, a few differentiated, lacZ-positive muscle cells were present, both singly and in groups, at each time point. These studies demonstrate that genetically labeled, transformed myoblasts may migrate from the arterial circulation to muscle and fuse there to form differentiated muscle cells. It is conceivable that intra-arterial delivery of myoblasts may have a role in the therapy of selected diseases of skeletal muscle.
Neurology 1992 Dec
PMID:Arterial delivery of myoblasts to skeletal muscle. 146 75

Fixed fragments of bovine nasal septum cartilage were digested for six hours either with testicular hyaluronidase or streptomyces hyaluronidase or flavobacter chondroitinase ABC, and observed with a transmission electron microscope. Collagen fibril diameters (D) were measured to evaluate the effect of enzymatic digestion on the fibril size. This resulted in an increased frequency (17% to 47%) of "thin" fibrils (80 to 32 nm), followed by a decrease (65% to 31%) of the frequency of "mid" fibrils (32 to 64 nm). The frequency of "thick" fibrils (over 64 nm) showed a moderate increase (18% to 22%). Considering the relationship between fibril diameter, fibril volume and collagen content, the apparently relevant increase in number of the "thin" fibrils corresponds to an alteration of only 4% of the total collagen. On the other hand the increase of the "thick" fibrils implies a conspicuous alteration of 20% of the total collagen. The observed fibril rearrangement after digestion may be explained in terms of the wrap of matrix proteoglycans around each fibril. The enzymatic removal of the proteoglycans could make "mid" collagen fibrils free to regress into "thin" as well as to merge together into "thick" fibrils.
Ann Anat 1992 Dec
PMID:Collagen fibril ultrastructure alters after glycanolytic digestion. 147 56

In an attempt to provide an alternative non-invasive treatment to surgical excision of ganglion cysts of the hand, and as part of the departmental audit resulting from the prevailing economic depression, 340 consecutive patients with 349 ganglia were treated in a prospective investigation by intralesional injection of hyaluronidase (up to 150 units in 1 ml) followed by fine needle aspiration (FNA) of the cyst to dryness. Pressure was applied over a piece of gauze and maintained with a crepe bandage for 24 h. Of the 340 patients treated in this way, the vast majority (323 or 95.0%) were considered to be cured on clinical examination at 6-month follow-up; only 17 patients (5.0%) exhibited recurrence during this period and these were successfully treated by re-aspiration. To the knowledge of this author, this is the first report of the use of the enzyme hyaluronidase as an adjunct to FNA in the treatment of ganglion cysts of the hand. The results clearly show that this method of treatment is a safe, fast, well accepted and cost-effective alternative to surgical excision, which is relatively expensive and is known to be associated with certain complications, including hypertrophic scars and cheloids.
J R Coll Surg Edinb 1992 Dec
PMID:Wrist and hand ganglion treatment with hyaluronidase injection and fine needle aspiration: a tropical African perspective. 149 75

Thymic stromal cell line TS-9 was found to selectively bind a subpopulation of normal murine thymocytes. Selective binding allowed the isolation and phenotypic characterization of the adherent and nonadherent subpopulations of thymocytes. Flow cytometric analysis of fluorescently labeled thymocytes revealed that the adherent and nonadherent populations differ in maturity, with the adherent population enriched in immature thymocytes of the PNAhi, Thy-1hi, CD3-/lo, and CD4+/CD8+ double positive surface phenotype. A quantitative microwell assay was developed to measure the binding of thymocytes to TS-9. Thymocytes labeled with vital DNA stain Hoechst 33342 were allowed to bind to TS-9 in microwells and the intense fluorescence of this label was readily detected with a scanning fluorometer. The binding was trypsin-sensitive and hyaluronidase and PI-PLC resistant. The binding was also temperature dependent and sensitive to cytochalasin B. A panel of monoclonal antibodies to cell surface antigens including CD2, LFA-I/ICAM-I, and Thy-1 was screened in a quantitative binding assay for their ability to inhibit the binding of thymocytes to TS-9. The binding was partially inhibited by the C3C12 monoclonal antibody which recognizes the recently identified and apparently unique gp23,gp45 complex expressed on murine stromal cells.
Cell Immunol 1991 Dec
PMID:Thymic stromal cells in culture. 2. Binding of normal thymocytes to a cloned thymic stromal cell line. 168 58

The present study was undertaken to determine the relationship between the hyaluronate receptor and CD44 (H-CAM), cell-surface glycoproteins of similar molecular weights that have been implicated in cell adhesion. In initial experiments, a panel of monoclonal antibodies directed against CD44 were tested for their ability to cross react with the hyaluronate receptor. These antibodies immunoprecipitated [3H]hyaluronate binding activity from detergent extracts of both mouse and human cells, indicating that the hyaluronate receptor is identical to CD44. In addition, one of these antibodies (KM-201 to mouse CD44) directly blocked the binding of labeled hyaluronate to the receptor and inhibited hyaluronate dependent aggregation of SV-3T3 cells. CD44 has also been implicated in lymphocyte binding to high endothelial venules during lymphocyte homing. Interestingly, the monoclonal antibody Hermes-3, which blocks lymphocyte binding to the high endothelial venules of mucosal lymphoid tissue, had no effect on the binding of labeled hyaluronate. Furthermore, the binding of lymphocytes to high endothelial cells of lymph nodes and mucosal lymphoid tissue was not significantly affected by treatment with agents that block the binding of hyaluronate (hyaluronidase, excess hyaluronate and specific antibodies). Thus, CD44 appears to have at least two distinct functional domains, one for binding hyaluronate and another involved in interactions with mucosal high endothelial venules.
J Cell Biol 1990 Dec
PMID:The hyaluronate receptor is a member of the CD44 (H-CAM) family of cell surface glycoproteins. 170 43

Hemodynamic forces continuously act on endothelial cell lining of blood vessels. Blood flow, perfusing pressure, and shear stress are known to induce the release of bioactive substances from the endothelium. Furthermore, coronary flow (CF) is a well-known stimulant of myocardial contraction. Our concern was whether other Ca(2+)-dependent responses like glycolytic flux (Gf) were also CF dependent. For this purpose, isolated guinea pig hearts were perfused with a medium containing 5 mM 3-[3H]glucose, and the 3H2O released during perfusion was measured as an index of Gf. Changes in CF within the 3- to 25-ml/min range resulted in linear increase of Gf. This stimulatory effect of CF was also observed in K(+)-arrested hearts. In addition, increasing shear stress on addition of dextran to the perfusing solution (5% and 10% wt/vol), while keeping CF constant, also stimulated Gf. We hypothesized that endothelial cell membrane glycocalyx may act as sensor to this stimuli. Thus one would expect that substances acting on these structures (enzymes heparinase, hyaluronidase, or chondroitinase or the lectin concanavalin A) when added to the perfusate might inhibit the CF-induced Gf. The results showed that concanavalin A and heparinase inhibited the Gf-CF-induced response, whereas chondroitinase and hyaluronidase had no effect. These findings suggest that there may be a selective effect of these agents affecting the Gf response to CF. Our data suggest that CF stimulates Gf through shearing forces acting on specific endothelial glycocalyx component(s). Therefore, deformation of these components could result in the transduction of physical signals into release of chemical messengers that act on the biochemical machinery of underlining parenchymal cells.
Am J Physiol 1991 Dec
PMID:Regulation of glycolytic flux by coronary flow in guinea pig heart. Role of vascular endothelial cell glycocalyx. 175 May 47

The capacity of non-pepsinyzed type VI collagen to bind to hyaluronan was investigated. Type VI collagen was extracted from bovine meniscal cartilage with 6 M GuHCl and purified by extraction of PEG precipitates and dissociative Sephacryl S-500 HR chromatography. Type VI collagen, detected with a monoclonal antibody, bound in 0.5 M NaCl to hyaluronan-coated micro-wells, the degree of binding being higher at 37 degrees C than 23 degrees C and 4 degrees C. Incubation of type VI collagen in competitive inhibition assays with testicular hyaluronidase digests of hyaluronan in liquid phase, reduced binding of the protein to hyaluronan-coated microwells to background levels. Thus, non-pepsinyzed type VI collagen binds to hyaluronan in vitro.
FEBS Lett 1991 Dec 09
PMID:Interaction of intact type VI collagen with hyaluronan. 175 55


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