Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The side-effects of "artificial ascites" induced with Dextran 60 (Makrodex 6%) as a mean of preventing adhesions were investigated in 47 patients (treatment group: 32 patients; control group: 15 patients) in whom microsurgery had been performed for infertility with adhesiolysis. On the day of surgery and the following four days 300 to 500 ml of Makrodex was instilled via an intraperitoneal catheter (7.5 ml/kg body weight on day of surgery; 5 ml/kg body weight on days 2 to 5). In addition, the patients received, on the day of surgery, single doses of 450 IU of hyaluronidase (Kinetin), 500,000 KIU of aprotinine (Trasylol) and 1 g of hydrocortisone acetate instilled intraperitoneally. In the group treated with Dextran, there was a significantly higher number of patients who felt unwell and had abdominal complaints and dyspnea. In six cases in the Dextran group a vulval edema was seen, and in 2 cases a thigh edema. A significant weight increase and elevation of central venous pressure occurred for the duration of the "artificial ascites" in this group. There were a few cases of bradycardia with frequencies of under 50 beats per minute. On the fifth p.o. day 75% of the patients in the Dextran group had a pleural effusion. Such changes were not observed in the control group. In view of these side-effects and the fact that it is still not proven that Dextran effectively prevents adhesions we no longer carry out this form of adhesion prophylaxis.
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PMID:[Complications and side effects of artificial ascites for adhesion prevention]. 241 47

Dextran-modified hyaluronidase was inhaled or intraperitoneally injected for 4 months to mice with silicosis. Stabilized hyaluronidase was shown to have a marked inhibitory effect on the development of lung fibrosis. Drug inhalation proved to be the most effective. An antifibrotic effect of dextran itself has been observed.
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PMID:[Action of dextran-modified hyaluronidase in experimental silicosis]. 243 58

To gain insight into the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying cell interactions in the early postnatal mouse cerebellum, Ca2+-dependent and -independent aggregation mechanisms were characterized using single cell suspensions under conditions that allow discrimination between the two mechanisms. When cerebellar cells were derived from newborn to 10-day-old mouse cerebellum, both mechanisms were active and showed no major change in activity during this time period. Mg2+ could not replace Ca2+ in the Ca2+-dependent mechanism. In contrast to the Ca2+-independent mechanisms, the Ca2+-dependent mechanism was inactive at low temperatures, suggesting a necessity for molecular rearrangement within the surface membrane during aggregation. Neuraminidase, chondroitinase, heparinase or hyaluronidase treatment of cells did not influence the aggregation of cells under Ca2+-dependent and -independent conditions. Chondroitin sulfate inhibited and hyaluronic acid stimulated the Ca2+-dependent mechanism, whereas chondroitin sulfate only slightly and hyaluronic acid strongly inhibited the Ca2+-independent one. Dextran sulfate slightly inhibited both mechanisms, whereas heparin and fucoidan, a complex sulfated carbohydrate, did not influence cell aggregation, while they strongly inhibited attachment of cells to laminin. The polycation poly-L-lysine slightly stimulated the Ca2+-independent mechanism, but inhibited the Ca2+-dependent one. Interestingly, chondroitin sulfate and hyaluronic acid strongly stimulated cell aggregation under conditions where both mechanisms were almost destroyed or inactive. Dextran sulfate showed only a small effect under these conditions. These observations indicate that different molecular mechanisms are active in cell-cell versus cell-extracellular matrix interactions and suggest a hitherto unknown complexity in molecular mechanisms during early postnatal cerebellar development.
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PMID:Characterization of Ca2+-dependent and -independent aggregation mechanisms among mouse cerebellar cells. 246 13

The endothelial cell glycocalyx influences blood flow and presents a selective barrier to movement of macromolecules from plasma to the endothelial surface. In the hamster cremaster microcirculation, FITC-labeled Dextran 70 and larger molecules are excluded from a region extending almost 0.5 micrometer from the endothelial surface into the lumen. Red blood cells under normal flow conditions are excluded from a region extending even farther into the lumen. Examination of cultured endothelial cells has shown that the glycocalyx contains hyaluronan, a glycosaminoglycan which is known to create matrices with molecular sieving properties. To test the hypothesis that hyaluronan might be involved in establishing the permeation properties of the apical surface glycocalyx in vivo, hamster microvessels in the cremaster muscle were visualized using video microscopy. After infusion of one of several FITC-dextrans (70, 145, 580, and 2,000 kDa) via a femoral cannula, microvessels were observed with bright-field and fluorescence microscopy to obtain estimates of the anatomic diameters and the widths of fluorescent dextran columns and of red blood cell columns (means +/- SE). The widths of the red blood cell and dextran exclusion zones were calculated as one-half the difference between the bright-field anatomic diameter and the width of the red blood cell column or dextran column. After 1 h of treatment with active Streptomyces hyaluronidase, there was a significant increase in access of 70- and 145-kDa FITC-dextrans to the space bounded by the apical glycocalyx, but no increase in access of the red blood cells or in the anatomic diameter in capillaries, arterioles, and venules. Hyaluronidase had no effect on access of FITC-Dextrans 580 and 2,000. Infusion of a mixture of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulfate after enzyme treatment reconstituted the glycocalyx, although treatment with either molecule separately had no effect. These results suggest that cell surface hyaluronan plays a role in regulating or establishing permeation of the apical glycocalyx to macromolecules. This finding and our prior observations suggest that hyaluronan and other glycoconjugates are required for assembly of the matrix on the endothelial surface. We hypothesize that hyaluronidase creates a more open matrix, enabling smaller dextran molecules to penetrate deeper into the glycocalyx.
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PMID:Permeation of the luminal capillary glycocalyx is determined by hyaluronan. 1044 75

Fibroblast and macrophage are 2 dominant cell types respond cooperatively to degrade implanted biomaterials. Using an electrospun Dextran/Poly-lactide-co-glycolide (PLGA) scaffold as a model, an in vitro fibroblast/macrophage co-culture system was developed to investigate the degradability of implantable biodegradable materials. SEM showed that both fibroblasts and macrophages were able to degrade the scaffold, separately or cooperatively. Under the synergistic coordination of macrophages and fibroblasts, scaffolds showed faster degradation rate than their counterparts incubated with a single type of cells as well as in PBS or cell culture medium. Lysozyme, non-specific esterase (NSE), gelatinase, hyaluronidase-1 and alpha-glucosidase were up-regulated in the presence of the scaffold, suggesting their roles in the cell-mediated scaffold degradation. In addition, the expressions of cell surface receptors CD204 and Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) were elevated 1 week after cell seeding, implying that these receptors might be involved in scaffold degradation. The results of in vivo subdermal implantation of the scaffold further confirmed the biodegradability of the Dextran/PLGA scaffold. The fibroblast/macrophage co-culture model adequately mimicked the in vivo environment and could be further developed into an in vitro tool for initial biomaterial evaluation.
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PMID:The biodegradability of electrospun Dextran/PLGA scaffold in a fibroblast/macrophage co-culture. 1819 3