Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Experimental otitis media was produced in chinchillas by eustachian tube obstruction or pneumococcal infection. Sequential changes in the histology of the middle ear mucosa and enzyme profile of the middle ear effusions (MEE) were studied. In serous otitis media (SOM) which followed tubal obstruction, the subepithelial space was widened by edema and capillary dilatation, and the middle ear space was filled with serous fluid. Slight hyperplasia of epithelial cells was also observed. The subepithelial space remained widened with mild fibrous change and capillary dilatation, and slight hyperplasia of epithelial cells persisted 42 days after obstruction. In purulent otitis media (POM), which followed inoculation of pneumococci into the middle ears, metaplasia of the epithelial layer from flat to columnar cells was observed. The subepithelial space was widened with loose fibrous connective tissue proliferation, vascular dilatation and inflammatory cell infiltration. Both lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and lysozyme levels in MEE were higher in the POM group than in the SOM group. When bacterial enzymes, hyaluronidase and lipase activity were measured in MEE and plotted together with the percentage of positive culture of the MEE at different times after the experimental infection, the enzyme activities decreased with the clearing of bacteria and along with the resorption of inflammatory changes of middle ear mucosa evidenced by histology. In human MEE studies, immunoglobulins (IgG, IgA, IgM) of MEE were higher than in serum except IgM in serous MEE. The IgG content of MEE in the culture-negative group was higher than in the culture-positive group. Possible mechanisms for this difference were discussed.
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PMID:Biochemical and immunochemical characteristics of middle ear effusions in relation to bacteriological findings. 677

There cutaneous propionibacteria - Propionibacterium acnes, P. avidum and P. granulosum - were grown in chemostats using semi-synthetic medium with various concentrations of glucose. Biomass rose with increasing glucose concentration up to 0.3-0.4% (w/v) and then remained constant. Propionibacterium granulosum had both a low yield and low mumax when grown in the absence of glucose suggesting that this organism is essentially 'saccharolytic' in its nutrition. In contrast, P. acnes and P. avidum had higher growth yields than P. granulosum and showed their highest mumax values in the absence of glucose. Extracellular lipase, hyaluronidase (hyaluronate lyase) and acid phosphatase activities varied with different glucose concentrations, but in all cases were lowest at the highest glucose concentration tested (0.5%, w/v).
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PMID:Effects of glucose concentration n biomass, maximum specific growth rate and extracellular enzyme production by three species of cutaneous Propionibacteria grown in continuous culture. 734 43

Mycoplasmas have been identified as one of many aetiological factors associated with experimental or human joint disease. Mycoplasma hyorhinis and M. arthritidis, but not M. pulmonis were found to cause significant release of calcium from murine long bone explants. The resorption process is inhibited by calcitonin, acetazolamide and by indomethacin. Mycoplasma-derived bone resorbing activity (M-BRA) is not an endotoxin as its effect is equally potent in cultures of bones obtained from endotoxin-responsive and -unresponsive mice. M-BRA is a high molecular weight compound resistant to proteases and heat but sensitive to hyaluronidase, lipase, detergents and in part to alkali and acid conditions. The active component is associated with the particulate fraction of the mycoplasma and its yield is enhanced by sonication. The damage to the subchondral bone in arthritis associated with a mycoplasma infection may be caused by a potent bone resorption inducing agent of mycoplasma origin.
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PMID:Mycoplasma-mediated bone resorption in bone organ cultures. 777 9

Africanized honey bees and the wasp Polistes versicolor are common insects in Brazil; their venoms are composed of a complex mixture of components which present several biological activities. Stinging accidents are very frequent and are generally followed by important clinical reactions, and even deaths are not uncommon. In the present study, venom was extracted from Africanized honey bees and P. versicolor, and it was biochemically characterized and the antigenic cross-reactivity was investigated by Western blot analysis and specific IgE determination by ELISA in the sera of subjects allergic to each venom. The honey bee venom presented higher phospholipase A2 and hyaluronidase activities than P. versicolor venom, which in turn presented higher lipase, acid phosphatase and esterase activities. A high incidence of false-negatives was also observed during determinations of specific IgE for P. versicolor venom when the kits with venoms from wasps of temperate climates were used, suggesting that the diagnosis of allergy to neotropical wasp venom must take into consideration the clinical history and skin tests.
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PMID:Biochemical properties and study of antigenic cross-reactivity between Africanized honey bee and wasp venom. 808 40

A total of 10 strains each of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme were tested for the production of 13 extracellular enzymes. DNase, alkaline phosphatase, and lipase were predominantly associated with all the strains of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum, with DNase not detected in any of the strains of F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. In addition, the strains of F. necrophorum subsp. necrophorum were generally more hemolytic than those of F. necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. Lecithinase, beta-lactamase, elastase, hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulfatase, and coagulase were not detected in any of the strains. DNase may be used to differentiate between the two subspecies.
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PMID:Comparison of extracellular enzymes of Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. necrophorum and Fusobacterium necrophorum subsp. funduliforme. 837 Jul 61

Ten Basidiobolus ranarum (= Basidiobolus haptosporus) strains, isolated from faeces of 102 different lower vertebrates (ectotherms) exhibited in Antwerp Zoo, or from their environment were studied for their temperature requirements, haemolysis and other enzyme activities in vitro. All isolates grew well at 25 and 37 degrees C. Three strains that produced undulated zygospore walls were haemolytic and positive for hyaluronidase. All the isolates produced urease, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, trypsin, lipase, lecithinase, gelatinase, collagenase and elastase, but failed to produce amylase, keratinase and beta-glucosidase. Three isolates failed to produce phosphatase. Only one strain failed to produce DNase. Aesculin was not hydrolysed. Chitinase activity was inconclusive. The results of this study illustrate the importance of exotic animals kept in temperate regions as carriers of potentially pathogenic organisms. In addition to the morphological characteristics, the identification can be based on enzymatic profiles. Enzymatic activity detection may help to explain the pathogenic mechanism of the fungus.
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PMID:Isolation of Basidiobolus ranarum from ectotherms in Antwerp zoo with special reference to characterization of the isolated strains. 1042 99

In observations of the movements of the infective third-stage larvae of a rodent parasitic nematode, Strongyloides ratti, on a sodium chloride gradient set up on agarose plates, two types of chemokinetic behavior were seen: a unidirectional avoidance movement on initial placement of the larvae in unfavorable environmental conditions and a random dispersal movement on their placement within an area of favorable conditions. Track patterns were straight in the avoidance movement but included multiple changes of direction and loops in the dispersal movement. In the present study we examined the interventional activity of treatment with various enzymes, lectins, and chemicals by analyzing the unidirectional avoidance movements of the larvae. We observed that beta-glucosidase, hyaluronidase, beta-galactosidase, trypsin, protease, lipase, phospholipase C, soybean agglutinin, wheat germ agglutinin, and spermidine exerted inhibitory actions on those movements, which may be guided by the chemosensory function of this nematode.
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PMID:Effects of various treatments on the chemokinetic behavior of third-stage larvae of Strongyloides ratti on a sodium chloride gradient. 1109 92

The high molecular weight arylamidase-alkaline phosphatase-complex from rat kidney microsomes [1] was carefully dissociated by means of treatment with several hydrolytic enzymes or by acidification. Trypsin, chymotrypsin and pronase cause a selective solubilization of the enzymes discernible at their different electrophoretic mobility in polyacrylamide gel. The lower migrating zone represents phosphatase, the faster migrating zone shows arylamidase activity (molecular weights 180,000 and 172,000, respectively). Incubation of the complex with papain, lipase, neuraminidase or hyaluronidase and incubation at acid conditions (pH optimum 5.0) in the absence of any enzyme also yields in the appearance of two protein bands. In contrast to the alkaline hydrolases the acid hydrolases, the pH 5-treatment and with a certain degree also the lipase liberate a second arylamidase zone lying in the phosphatese containing zone during polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Treatment with SDS and subsequent SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis also results in a dissociation of the complex, but only in one protein fragement (approx, molecular weight 205,000).
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PMID:??? 1194 35

Quantitative determination of newly reported enzymes activity in the crude skin toxin (CST) of catfish revealed highest activities of hyaluronidase and lipase, lesser activities of phospholipase A2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholinesterase (CE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate transaminase (AST), and least activities of proteinase and 5-nucleotidase (5'-NT). The CST has a hemolytic activity of 54% and no ichthyotoxicity up to 500 ug/ml. The chosen dose of CST (LD12.5) showed a potential cytotoxic activity against solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice demonstrated by an increase in the mean survival time (238.8%) and tumor growth inhibition ratio (T/C) of 73%. The CST ameliorated the relative weights of heart and liver after three weeks, while modulating the elevation in the relative spleen weight throughout the treatment periods (three, six, and nine weeks). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and liver total lipids were normalized after three weeks, whereas the serum albumin and hepatic glycogen concentrations, as well as ALT, AST, 5'-NT, and G-6-Pase activities were ameliorated after 6 weeks. Serum levels of glucose, LDH, and creatine kinase (CK) activities were significantly modulated throughout the treatment periods. Histological examinations of the tumor and liver tissues of treated tumor-bearing animals were carried out. Tumor tissues showed many cytolytic and cytopathic changes after treatment, while liver tissues showed moderate dysplastic changes after six weeks of treatment, which became more marked after nine weeks.
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PMID:Biological activities of the crude skin toxin of the Suez Gulf oriental catfish (Plotosus lineatus) and its antitumor effect in vivo (mice). 1250 71

The occurrence of several virulence traits (cytolysin, adhesins and hydrolytic enzymes) was investigated in a collection of 164 enterococci, including food and clinical isolates (from human and veterinary origin), as well as type and reference strains from 20 enterococcal species. Up to fifteen different cyl genotypes were found, as well as silent cyl genes. The occurrence of the cyl operon and haemolytic potential seems to be widespread in the genus. A significant association of this virulent trait with clinical isolates was found (p < 0.05). High levels of incidence were also observed for genes encoding surface adhesins (esp, efaA(fs), efaA(fm)), agg and gelE, irrespectively of species allocation and origin of strains. Although gelE behaves as silent in the majority of the strains, gelatinase activity predominates in clinical isolates, whereas lipase and DNase were mainly detected in food isolates pointing to their minor role as virulence determinants. No hyaluronidase activity was detected for all strains. Numerical hierarchic data analysis grouped the strains in three main clusters, two of them including a total of 50 strains with low number of virulence determinants (from 2 to 7) and the other with 114 strains with a high virulence potential (up to 12 determinants). No statistical association was found between virulence clusters and species allocation (p > 0.10), strongly suggesting that virulence determinants are a common trait in the genus Enterococcus. Clinical strains seem to be significantly associated with high virulence potential, whereas food, commensal and environmental strains harbour fewer virulence determinants (p < 0.01). A high level of relative diversity in virulence patterns was observed (Shannon's index varies from 0.95 to 1.0 among clusters), reinforcing the strain-specific nature of the association of virulence factors. Although a low risk seems to be associated with the use of enterococci in long-established artisanal cheeses, screening of virulence traits and their cross-synergies must be performed, particularly for commercial starters, probiotic strains and products to be used by high risk population groups.
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PMID:Virulence factors in food, clinical and reference Enterococci: A common trait in the genus? 1274 5


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