Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

---

Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The glycosaminoglycans of isolated rabbit corneal stroma, clamped between two lucite plates at near normal hydration, were digested with testicular hyaluronidase in saline solution. After equilibration with 0.9 per cent saline solution alone the sodium and chloride content of the stroma was determined. Chloride was in equilibrium with both normal and hyaluronidase-treated stroma, allowing use of the Donnan calculation for excess or bound sodium to be made. Normal stromas contained 200 mEq. bound sodium per kilogram of dry weight calculated from the Donnan calculation; hyaluronidase-treated stromas contained 110 mEq. bound sodium per kilogram of dry weight. The data show that about half of the bound sodium in the corneal stroma is on nonsaccharide binding sites. Quantitative verification of the loss of glycosaminoglycans was performed.
...
PMID:Stromal sodium binding after glycosaminoglycan digestion. 93 93

The relationship of the acetylcholine transporter-vesamicol receptor (AcChT-VR) to proteoglycan in Torpedo electric organ synaptic vesicles was investigated. The cholate-solubilized VR was immunoprecipitated by a monoclonal antibody directed against the SV1 epitope located in the glycosaminoglycan portion of the proteoglycan. AcChT that was photoaffinity-labeled with a tritiated high-affinity analogue of AcCh [cyclohexylmethyl cis-N-(4-azidophenacyl)-N-methylisonipecotate] and then denatured in sodium dodecyl sulfate also immunoprecipitated. The labeled AcChT exhibited a M(r) range of 100,000-200,000. Proteoglycan did not engage in detectable nonspecific reversible aggregation that might mask the presence of another subunit during sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. In vesicles permeabilized with cholate, the enzymes keratanase and testicular hyaluronidase inactivated binding of vesamicol and destroyed the SV1 epitope without detectable proteolysis. Other glycosaminoglycan-degrading enzymes were without effect. The results demonstrate that the AcChT-VR and proteoglycan are very strongly linked and that glycosaminoglycan-like polysaccharide controls the conformation of the VR. The unexpected linkage to proteoglycan suggests that AcChT-VR in intact terminals might communicate with extracellular matrix and participate in stabilization and operation of the synapse.
...
PMID:Linkage of the acetylcholine transporter-vesamicol receptor to proteoglycan in synaptic vesicles. 131 2

The specific binding and nature of the epitope recognized by monoclonal antibody (Mab) 1H10, which binds an antigen expressed on human cervical tumors, was characterized by enzyme digestion, lectin competition assay and immuno-electron microscopy. Membrane homogenates of CaSki cervical carcinoma cells were digested with various enzymes, then analysed by SDS-PAGE and immunoblotting. Cells grown on coverslips were treated with various enzymes and in situ binding of Mab 1H10 to cells was analysed by electron microscopy. The ability of lectin-conjugates to block Mab 1H10 binding to CaSki cells was also examined. Treatment of samples with sodium periodate abrogated antigen recognition by Mab 1H10. Neuraminidase and hyaluronidase digestion decreased but did not eliminate Mab 1H10 binding to cells in situ. Chondroitinase ABC digestion, in contrast, removed Mab 1H10 binding sites both in vitro and in situ. Trypsin and chymotrypsin digestion of cell membrane homogenates decreased the molecular weight of the Mab 1H10 antigen but did not decrease the binding intensity. Wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) strongly bound to CaSki cells and partially blocked Mab 1H10 binding, indicating that the antigen contains N-acetyl-galactosamine residues at or near the epitope recognized by Mab 1H10. Ricinus communis agglutinin (RCA) exhibited a similar binding pattern to WGA. However, concanavalin A bound only weakly to CaSki cells and was ineffective at blocking Mab 1H10 binding. The tumor-associated antigen recognized by Mab 1H10 is concluded to be a chondroitin sulphate glycoprotein or proteoglycan rather than a mucopolysaccharide or lipoprotein.
...
PMID:Characterization of a human cervical carcinoma-associated antigen by lectin binding and immuno-electron microscopy. 142 5

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a key structural element of the extracellular matrix. Turnover rates of HA are determined in part by hyaluronidases, that are themselves modulated by hyaluronidase inhibitors. A substrate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis procedure is described here that separates enzyme from inhibitors. The HA is embedded in the gel, and following electrophoretic separation, enzymatic digestion of the HA is allowed to occur. The gel is stained with Alcian blue and can be secondarily stained with Coomassie blue. Enzymatic activities appear as cleared bands on a light blue background, while major proteins appear as dark blue bands. The procedure can be performed in the presence or absence of sodium dodecylsulfate, though levels of hyaluronidase activity decrease when the detergent is used. Hyaluronidases active in the neutral or acid pH range can be detected. This technique will facilitate characterization of hyaluronidases and inhibitors from a wide variety of sources.
...
PMID:A substrate-gel assay for hyaluronidase activity. 148 6

During skin penetration, infective hookworm larvae encounter hyaluronic acid as they migrate between epidermal keratinocytes and through the ground substance of the dermis. A hyaluronidase would facilitate passage through the epidermis and dermis during larval invasion. Zoonotic hookworm larvae of the genus Ancylostoma were shown to contain a hyaluronidase activity that migrated on modified sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) hyaluronic acid gels with an apparent Mr of 49,000. A second form with an Mr of 87,000 was also identified. The major etiologic agent of cutaneous larva migrans, A. braziliense, was shown to have the greatest enzyme activity, hydrolyzing up to 3.3 micrograms of hyaluronic acid per h per micrograms of total parasite protein at pH 6.0, whereas A. caninum and A. tubaeforme each had much less enzyme activity. The differences in enzyme activities between species correlated with differences in the intensities of the lytic zones at 49 and 87 kDa on SDS-PAGE hyaluronic acid gels. Hookworm hyaluronidase activity exhibited a broad pH optimum between 6.0 and 8.0 and did not hydrolyze chondroitin sulfate, two features that suggest that the hookworm enzyme is more like the invertebrate leech hyaluronidase than mammalian testicular or lysosomal hyaluronidase. Larvae of A. braziliense were shown to release hyaluronidase activity and degrade radiolabeled hyaluronic acid in vitro. Gold sodium thiomalate was identified as an enzyme inhibitor. The hyaluronidase is the second major virulence factor that we have identified from infective hookworm larvae.
...
PMID:Hyaluronidase from infective Ancylostoma hookworm larvae and its possible function as a virulence factor in tissue invasion and in cutaneous larva migrans. 154 16

A protein toxic to mice was isolated from the venom of the Mexican beaded lizard Heloderma horridum horridum by a combination of gel filtration (Sephadex G-75) and ion exchange chromatography (both diethylaminoethyl-cellulose [DE-cellulose] and carboxymethyl-cellulose [CM-cellulose]). The purified polypeptide component has an apparent mol. wt of 25,500 and is composed of approximately 220 amino acid residues. It has an isoelectric point (pI) of 6.8 and its N-terminal amino acid sequence was shown to be: Glu-Ala-Ser-Pro-Lys-Leu-Pro-Gly-Leu-Met-Thr-Ser-Asn-Pro-Asp-Gln-Gln-Thr- Glu-Ile. The sequence has no significant similarity with any other protein previously reported in the literature. Enzymatic activities such as phospholipase, hyaluronidase and proteinase, commonly present in venoms, could not be demonstrated in this protein. Patch-clamp experiments conducted with excitable membranes show no effects on Na+, K+ or Ca2+ ion channels. Among the constant physiological effects observed in mice injected with this toxin are lethargy, partial paralysis of rear limbs and lowering of body temperature, suggesting that it might be a hypothermic toxin. We propose calling this toxin Helothermine.
...
PMID:Isolation and characterization of helothermine, a novel toxin from Heloderma horridum horridum (Mexican beaded lizard) venom. 169 19

A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) system is described for determination of the unsaturated disaccharide (delta Di-HA) derived from hyaluronic acid (HA) in human urine by digestion with hyaluronidase SD. The effects of eluents on the separation of delta Di-HA and delta Di-0S, which is derived from the reaction of chondroitin with the enzyme, have been studied. The established chromatographic conditions were as follows--column: a stainless steel tube (4 mm i.d. x 250 mm) packed with TSKgel NH2-60; eluent: a mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1 M Tris-HCl buffer containing 0.1 M boric acid and 10 mM sodium sulphate, pH 7.0 (64:36, v/v). The strong fluorescence of unsaturated disaccharide after the reaction with 2-cyanoacetamide in alkaline medium was used for post-column detection. The calibration curve for delta Di-HA was linear in the range 5 pmol-5nmol with a practical detection limit of 2 pmol. The assay coefficients of variation (n = 5) at 200 pmol for delta Di-HA and delta Di-0S were 1.7 and 1.5%, respectively. This HPLC system has been applied to the determination of HA in human urine.
...
PMID:Microdetermination of hyaluronic acid in human urine by high performance liquid chromatography. 174 47

Mitomycin-C is a commonly used anticancer drug for patients with advanced anal, breast, colorectal, gastric, lung, or pancreatic cancers. Mitomycin-C can cause severe necrosis and ulceration when extravasated inadvertently into skin and soft tissues following IV drug administration. Local applications of heat, ice, and common antidotes such as glucocorticosteroids and hyaluronidase or sodium thiosulfate have failed to reduce the experimental toxicity of these vesicant reactions in mice. Plastic surgery with split-thickness skin grafting may be required to palliate local pain symptoms and loss of function, although some extravasations heal without any local treatment. This brief communication summarizes two case reports of the treatment of severe mitomycin-C venous extravasations using topical applications of dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO). Although the authors' experience represents the results of DMSO interventions in only two patients, the response to treatment in both patients was so pronounced that others may find this useful in their practice.
...
PMID:Case report: topical DMSO for mitomycin-C-induced skin ulceration. 190 66

A methanolic fraction of a chloroform extract of defatted Pluchea indica roots was investigated for its antiinflammatory potential against several models of inflammation. The extract showed significant inhibitory activity against carrageenin-, histamine-, serotonin-, hyaluronidase- and sodium urate-induced pedal inflammation. The extract inhibited protein exudation and leucocyte migration. The extract also inhibited carrageenin- and cotton pellet-induced granuloma formation as well as turpentine-induced joint oedema and adjuvant-induced polyarthritis. The present observations establish the efficacy of the extract in the exudative, proliferative and chronic stages of inflammation.
...
PMID:Antiinflammatory evaluation of a Pluchea indica root extract. 194 62

The pH-adjustment of local anesthetic solutions with sodium bicarbonate may shorten onset time and improve spread of neural blockade. The authors undertook a prospective, double-masked, randomized study to see if a pH-adjusted mixture of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and hyaluronidase had faster and more complete onset of neural blockade, when used for peribulbar anesthesia. Eighty patients were randomly assigned to four groups and received a peribulbar block with one of four mixtures: group 1 (L) = 2% lidocaine, group 2 (LPH) = 2% lidocaine with 0.06 meq/ml sodium bicarbonate, group 3 (LE) = 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine (commercially prepared), or group 4 (LEPH) = 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine with 0.06 meq/ml sodium bicarbonate. To 5 ml of each of the preceding groups, 5 ml of 0.75% bupivacaine and 150 units of hyaluronidase was added. After each block, extraocular muscle movement was followed in each quadrant until akinesia developed. In the event of incomplete akinesia, blocks were supplemented at 20 minutes. The LPH group had the fastest onset to complete akinesia (7.0 +/- 2.0 minutes, mean +/- SEM) when compared with the onset time of all other groups (group 1 = 11.5 +/- 1.9 minutes, group 4 = 13.1 +/- 1.4 minutes, and group 3 = 16.0 +/- 1.8 minutes, significance greater than 95% by analysis of variance). Furthermore, when compared with group 3 by analysis of variance, group 4 had a faster onset time. The authors conclude that pH-adjustment of solutions with bicarbonate of either lidocaine/bupivacaine/hyaluronidase or commercially prepared lidocaine with epinephrine/bupivacaine/hyaluronidase decreases the onset time of peribulbar anesthesia.
...
PMID:Peribulbar anesthesia. Effect of bicarbonate on mixtures of lidocaine, bupivacaine, and hyaluronidase with or without epinephrine. 200 83


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>

---