Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Goblet cell hyperplasia and metaplasia may be important in the pathogenesis of many respiratory diseases. To study the intracellular mechanisms of mucin synthesis, a purified goblet cell preparation is necessary. We have compared different methods of cell dissociation using cat trachea, a source rich in goblet cells. The most successful method used EDTA to loosen the basement membrane and 1% pronase to dissociate the epithelial cells. Goblet cells recovered from a linear Percoll gradient showed preservation of their ultrastructural detail, trypan blue exclusion, oxygen consumption, and synthesis of a high molecular weight compound resistant to hyaluronidase degradation, consistent with mucous glycoprotein. This method allows the isolation of adequate numbers of purified goblet cells for further study of goblet cell synthetic processes.
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PMID:Goblet cell isolation from cat trachea: a comparison of methods. 313 5

A 12-year-old girl was diagnosed as having mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. To our knowledge, only 14 cases of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland have been reported in the literature; this is the first case occurring in a child. Clinically, this tumor presented as a painless proptosis with inferonasal displacement of the globe. Histologically, it showed infiltrating lobules of neoplastic cells consisting of epidermoid cells admixed with mucin-containing cells and a mild lymphocytic infiltration in the stroma. The mucous cells stained positively with periodic acid-Schiff, Alcian blue, and mucicarmine dyes, but resisted digestion with hyaluronidase. This case illustrates that one should not exclude any diagnostic possibility just because the patient does not seem to belong to the appropriate age group.
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PMID:Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the lacrimal gland. Case report and review of the literature. 315 55

The effects of a range of commercially available proteases and glycosidases on blastocyst development and hatching were examined on rabbit embryos cultured from the morula stage in a defined medium supplemented with charcoal-treated bovine serum albumin. The proteases tested were trypsin, alpha-chymotrypsin, thrombin, elastase, plasmin, papain, clostripain, collagenase, Streptomyces griseus protease and cathepsin C. The glycosidases tested were neuraminidase, alpha-mannosidase, beta-galactosidase and hyaluronidase. None of these enzymes appeared to stimulate blastocyst growth. The only enzymes which digested the embryonic investments, the zona and mucin coat, sufficiently to cause complete blastocyst hatching were trypsin and Streptomyces griseus protease at relatively low concentrations (250 ng/ml) and chymotrypsin and elastase at higher concentrations.
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PMID:A survey of the effects of proteases and glycosidases on culture of rabbit morulae to blastocysts. 353 6

Surface epithelium and submucosal glands of the ferret trachea undergo extensive postnatal development. This study examined developmental changes in rates of release and types of high molecular weight glycoconjugates secreted by explanted ferret tracheas. Digestion with bovine testicular hyaluronidase separated the high molecular weight glycoconjugates into two types, hyaluronidase-resistant mucins and hyaluronidase-susceptible glycosaminoglycans. Release rates were measured under unstimulated conditions and in the presence of known secretagogues. The unstimulated rate of release of total 3H-glycoconjugates was 4-fold higher at birth than after complete maturation. The mucin content varied from 39 to 74% of total 3H-glycoconjugates; however, no age-related pattern was observed for mucin/glycosaminoglycan ratios. The rate of release of 3H-mucins was 6-fold higher at birth than in the adult but rapidly dropped to adult levels by 28 days of age. The secretory cells in the tracheal epithelium of newborn ferrets had more abundant rough endoplasmic reticulum than did mature goblet cells, suggesting increased synthesis of secretory product. Response to methacholine and trypsin, both known stimulators of mucin release, was not observed until 28 and 54 days of age, respectively. Incorporation of 35S-sulfate into mucins relative to that for 3H-glucosamine increased with age, consistent with increasingly acidic histochemical staining properties of secretory cells. These developmental differences in rates of release, modulation of release, and relative sulfation of mucins may represent changes in secretory and synthetic mechanisms of the secretory cells.
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PMID:Developmental changes in glycoconjugate secretion by ferret tracheas. 353 88

The cytologic features of malignant mesothelioma cells in serous effusions are presented. Carcinomatous mesotheliomas are characterized by abundant neoplastic cells occurring singly and in clusters. The optically dense cytoplasm with lacy peripheral vacuoles, scalloped borders of cell clusters, intercellular spaces, "cell-in-cell" arrangement, and frequent multinucleation of cells are features of malignant mesothelioma, but none is pathognomonic of this tumor. A positive cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) after diastase digestion, and with mucicarmine stain after hyaluronidase treatment are against the diagnosis of mesothelioma, while positive staining with alcian blue, which becomes negative after the treatment with hyaluronidase is strongly suggestive of mesothelioma. The tumor cells react with antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin, and do not react with carcinoembryonic antigen. Ultrastructurally, mesothelioma cells are characterized by long slender branching microvilli and numerous pinocytotic vesicles. They lack mucin vacuoles and intracellular lumens. An accurate diagnosis of mesothelioma depends on a full knowledge of the clinical history and radiologic findings, and proper application of histochemical, immunodiagnostic, and electron microscopic techniques.
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PMID:The cytologic diagnosis of mesothelioma. 361 23

The middle ear effusion specimens were obtained by myringotomy and aspiration from 4 children of 4-7 years old, who had been diagnosed as patients with secretory otitis media on the basis of conductive hearing loss and tympanogram. In cases 1 and 2, their ear fluids were macroscopically serous, while those of cases 3 and 4 were mucous. These ear fluids were digested with pronase and the digests were analyzed by cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis with alcian blue and high-iron-diamine stainings. All samples were found to contain glycopeptides possibly derived from sulfated mucin-type glycoproteins with small amounts of glycosaminoglycans. The glycoconjugates from cases 3 and 4 were further examined after hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC treatments, followed by heparitinase digestion. The resultant glycopeptide fractions appeared to be electrophoretically homogeneous and their chemical compositions suggested that they were typical mucin-type glycopeptides. Furthermore, they contained sulfates. The data suggest that in secretory otitis media, one of the major components of middle ear effusions is sulfated mucin-type glycoprotein.
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PMID:Sulfated glycopeptides from middle ear effusions of secretory otitis media. 407 40

Chemical and histochemical analyses, including testicular and staphylococcal hyaluronidase digestion, have been made of a jaw myxoma and the results show the presence of two acid mucopolysaccharides. Of the total mucopolysaccharide present 80% was hyaluronic acid and 20% chondroitin sulphate. The high content of non-sulphated mucopolysaccharide would seem to explain the paucity of fibres characteristic of the myxoma. It is suggested that myxomas generally probably have a similar high hyaluronic acid content. It is considered that the cell concerned is a mesenchymal cell elaborating non-sulphated mucopolysaccharide and may be called a ;myxoblast'; it is metabolically different from the sulphated-mucopolysaccharide-collagen-producing fibroblast. The high hyaluronic acid content is much greater than that found in embryonic connective tissue and may be a significant factor in the neoplastic behaviour of the myxomatous tissue. The aggressive behaviour of the myxoma is against a simple reversion to embryonic mesenchyme. It is concluded that the myxoblast is an active mucopolysaccharide-secreting cell and that mucin in the myxoma is not a sign of cell degeneration of preexisting fibroblasts or collagen.
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PMID:Chemical and histochemical characterization of mucopolysaccharides in a jaw myxoma. 423 75

1. Methods for the purification of dog submandibular-gland hyaluronidase from sedimentable and non-sedimentable portions of a homogenate and from the whole homogenate are presented. The method consists of three main steps: removal of mucin by acid precipitation or gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, ammonium sulphate precipitation and CM-cellulose chromatography. By this method specific activities of up to 1.28 and 0.78mumoles of N-acetylglucosamine/min./mg. of protein were obtained for the purified freeze-dried non-sedimentable hyaluronidase and for the sedimentable hyaluronidase respectively. 2. A comparison of some of the properties of the non-sedimentable and the sedimentable hyaluronidase preparation indicated that there was little difference between the two and that they both resembled lysosomal hyaluronidase from rat liver.
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PMID:Canine submandibular-gland hyaluronidase. Purification and properties. 572 88

A case of so-called mesothelioma of the atrioventricular node is presented. Controversy exists as to whether this lesion is of mesodermal or endodermal origin. The light and electron microscopic morphologic characteristics in this case were identical to those reported previously. The glandular component produced mucin that resisted digestion with both hyaluronidase and diastase; this staining pattern is characteristic of endodermal rather than of mesodermal tissue. Immunohistochemical methods demonstrated abundant carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in the cytoplasm of the cells composing the lesion. The presence of CEA strongly argues for an endodermal origin, since this antigen characterizes tissue derived from endoderm and is generally absent from mesoderm. The lesion probably represents endodermal foregut tissue that is displaced during embryogenesis. As such, it is not a true neoplasm. It is proposed that this lesion be designated "congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node."
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PMID:Congenital endodermal heterotopia of the atrioventricular node: evidence for the endodermal origin of so-called mesotheliomas of the atrioventricular node. 638 61

Four cases are described of a distinctive morphologic variant of thymic carcinoid that was characterized by abundant stromal mucin admixed with the neuroendocrine elements resulting in a histologic picture reminiscent of metastatic mucin-secreting carcinoma. The patients were three men and a woman, aged 22 to 43 years. The tumors presented with symptoms of chest discomfort, cough, and dyspnea and were described as large anterior mediastinal masses on chest radiographs and computerized scans. Histologically, all cases showed nests and strands of tumor cells embedded in an abundant lightly eosinophilic, mucinous stroma with small cellular clusters as well as scattered single tumor cells seen floating in the mucin. The mucinous matrix was negative for periodic acid Schiff's and mucicarmine stains; alcian blue stains at pH 2.5 showed strong positivity of the mucinous material; this reaction was abolished by treatment with hyaluronidase, indicating the presence of nonepithelial stromal mucosubstances. Immunohistochemical stains showed strong positivity of the tumor cells with CAM 5.2, chromogranin, synaptophysin, and neuron-specific enolase, and negative staining with carcinoembyronic antigen and epithelial membrane antigen. Electron microscopy done in one case showed abundant dense-core cytoplasmic neurosecretory granules; there was no evidence of glandular secretory activity by the tumor cells. The tumors in two patients behaved in a highly aggressive fashion, with invasion of the chest wall, recurrence, and metastases to the lungs, pleura, and axillary, retroperitoneal, and mesenteric lymph nodes. Thymic carcinoid should be considered in the differential diagnosis of mediastinal neoplasms displaying prominent mucinous features. Application of immunostains and electron microscopy will be of value for establishing the correct diagnosis in this setting.
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PMID:Thymic carcinoid with prominent mucinous stroma. Report of a distinctive morphologic variant of thymic neuroendocrine neoplasm. 757 90


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