Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Histochemical localization of the estrogen-induced sulfated glycoproteins was made in the estrogen-treated rabbit uterus. Biochemical studies by a group of Endo et al, affirmed these particular glycoproteins were PAS-positive and metachromatic as stained with TB. No sign of digestion, however, has been detected in a series of tests with alpha-amylase, testicular hyaluronidase, streptomyces hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC and chondroitinase ABC, and heparinase. The apical portions of the epithelial and glandular cells, obviously expanded by the estrogen treatment, display strong beta-metachromasia with TB (pH 4.0), saliva-resistant PAS-positive reactions, and also alcianophilia with AB (pH 2.5). These reactions are not reduced after the treatment with the enzymes above-mentioned. Meanwhile, in the stromal matrix, the same enzymes give an influence to diminish the reactions to various extent. Our results suggest that the estrogen-induced sulfated glycoprotein is definitely localized in the apical portions of the epithelial and glandular cells. The identity is emphasized between the substance that is elucidated in the histochemical sections and the sulfated glycoproteins that have been specified solely by means of biochemical assays.
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PMID:Histochemical localization of estrogen induced sulfated glycoprotein in rabbit uterus. 5 8

Diseased skin of dogs was stained using the critical electrolyte concentration-Alcian Blue method, PAS methods, and the high iron diamine technique. Digestion with testicular hyaluronidase and chondroitinase was also used to evaluate the staining results. Diseased skin exhibits a tendency for the glycosaminoglycans to revert to the condition seen in juvenile normal skin: epidermal glycoprotein content falls, total glycosaminoglycan content and the proportion undigested by hyaluronidase rises, and sulphation falls. In collagen, both hyaluronidase-stable material and sulphation increase, but follicle basement membrane does not show this trend towards the juvenile state.
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PMID:Glycosaminoglycan staining in diseasesed dog skin. 6 Nov 90

Cartilaginous and/or osseous foci were observed in eight aortas from 20 rabbits immunized against heterologous aorta homogenates and sacrificed 11 to 24 months later. They were studied by means of histological and histochemical methods and compared with normal aortas, cartilage and bone. Some of the observed changes seemed to be true markers of these transformations. Chondroid metaplasia was characterized by 1) generalized increase in alcianophilic hyaluronidase sensitive substances. 2) Appearance of Dermatan and/or Keratan sulfates round some isolated cells. 3) Advent of G6 Pase and Alk. Phase activities in cells adjacent to osseous foci. Osteous metaplasia was characterized by 1) decrease, then disappearance of alcianophilic and PAS positive material, 2) increase in osteoblastic alkaline Pase-activities.
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PMID:Cartilage and bone formation in arterial wall. 1. Morphological and histochemical aspects. 12 Dec 37

Six cases of primary lung cancer that closely mimic malignant pleural mesothelioma clinically and anatomically are compared with four proven cases of malignant pleural mesothelioma. Findings on roentgenograms of the chest, clinical history, and gross examination of the lung specimens are not helpful in distinguishing between these two neoplasms. Microscopic examination of the hematoxylin and eosin-stained tissues is often inconclusive. Tissues were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, PAS with and without diastase treatment (DPAS), mucicarmine, alcian blue, toluidine blue, and colloidal iron with and without digestion by testicular hyaluronidase. Among these histochemical methods, DPAS was found to be particularly useful in distinguishing the primary lung cancers from the mesotheliomas. All primary lung cancers except one showed DPAS-positive material (mucin) in both the cytoplasm of the cancer cells and within the lumina of neoplastic glands. In contrast, none of the mesotheliomas showed the presence of DPAS-positive material. Histologically, all lung cancers were glandular. Five were classified as bronchiolar carcinoma, the remaining one as poorly differentiated adenocarcinoma. In two of the bronchiolar carcinomas, a small subpleural primary focus was demonstrated. This finding suggests a possible origin of these cancers as a small subpleural tumor that became widely disseminated via the subpleural lymphatics. This form of primary lung cancer possesses sufficient gross and microscopic characteristics that recognition should be given to it as a variant of primary lung cancer, with emphasis on differentiating it from pleural mesothelioma.
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PMID:Pseudomesotheliomatous carcinoma of the lung. A variant of peripheral lung cancer. 17 52

Kidney cells of the marine stickleback Spinachia have been studied with histochemical methods for the demonstration of glycoconjugates. The fine structure of epithelial cells is described. Mucus threads in the nephronic tubule of sexually mature consist of neutral glycoprotein which corresponds with the secretory granules in proximal tubule segment II cells. Large lysosome-like inclusions, which also react with PAS, are present in many P II cells. All cells of the collecting duct epithelium differentiate into mucous cells in male Spinachia. The nature of their secretory products, which are well preserved by freeze-drying, is discussed. Sialylated glycoprotein is present in mucus granules and sulphated glycoprotein can be demonstrated at the apex of collecting duct cells. Collecting duct cell mucus can be digested with testicular hyaluronidase indicating that proteoglycans may be involved in the structure of macromolecules. The observations are compared with studies of mucus production in the urinary apparatus of several other vertebrates.
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PMID:The kidney of a teleost, Spinachia spinachia. II. Histochemical identification of sialic acid-containing glycoprotein and fine structure of mucus secreting cells. 58 60

64 diffuse pleural mesotheliomas diagnosed between 1964 and January 1985 at the Institute of Pathology of the University of Freiburg were analyzed. Since 1980 an increase from one case to 10 cases per year has been observed. The tumor was 3 to 4 times more frequent in men than in women. The age distribution showed a peak between the age of 50 and 60. In 26 cases evidence of exposure to asbestos was detected. In one patient radiotherapy of Hodgkin's disease may have been of etiological significance. The median survival time was 13 months. The five-year survival rate was only 4%. Histologic reevaluation was only possible in cases diagnosed after 1975. Of 43 cases thus evaluated 26 were pure mesothelial, 15 biphasic and 2 of the spindle-cell subtype. A median survival time of 23 months for pure mesothelial mesothelioma in comparison to 13 months for the biphasic mesothelioma indicated a better prognosis for pure mesothelial mesothelioma. Although no other primary tumors were detected, in 10 cases the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma had to be considered, and in 3 cases tumors of non-epithelial origin had to be excluded. 35 of 43 mesothelioma were CEA-negative, 38 out of 43 cytokeratin-positive, and 33 out of 43 were EMA-positive. Factor-VIII-related antigen was not demonstrated. 12 of 43 mesotheliomas showed PAS-positive staining, 29 of 43 were stained with Alcian blue. 7 of these 29 showed a positive digestion with hyaluronidase. Although CEA may not be negative in every mesothelioma, this marker seems to be a valid tool for the differential diagnosis of adenocarcinoma. In order to safeguard against a mistaken diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma, the exclusion of other tumors is always indispensable.
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PMID:Malignant pleural mesothelioma: some aspects of epidemiology, differential diagnosis and prognosis. Histological and immunohistochemical evaluation and follow-up of mesotheliomas diagnosed from 1964 to January 1985. 169 Apr 13

An autopsy case of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a young woman who showed a high serum level of CA125 is reported. Autopsy revealed extensive tumor involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum. The liver, spleen and other abdominal viscera were encased by tumor nodules. Histologically, the polygonal tumor cells were arranged mostly in a sheet-like fashion with a few tubular or papillary forms. No PAS reaction-positive mucin was recognized, but there was a strongly positive colloidal iron reaction. The colloidal iron positivity was effaced after combined treatment with hyaluronidase and sialidase. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells showed strongly positive reactions for CA125, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin, weak positivity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and focal positivity for vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the most characteristic feature was the expression of numerous long microvilli projecting from the tumor cell surfaces and abundant long desmosomes between the tumor cells. We consider that pretreatment using a combination of hyaluronidase and sialidase might be useful for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. CA125 staining should be performed routinely in cases where this tumor is suspected.
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PMID:Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a young woman with a high serum level of CA125. 171 Apr 13

When lymph node cells from nude mice were grown on embryonic fibroblast monolayers together with rat interleukin-2, only one type of colonies developed. These colonies were composed of cytotoxic cells termed "granular/lymphokine-activated killer/mucus-secreting cells" (LAK-GM). An extensive differentiation course, in which all the cellular components were involved, ended with a population of short-lived, mature, nondividing large cells that apparently synthesized and deposited a flowing mucoid material (FMM) that stained distinctly blue with periodic acid-Schiff/alcian blue (PAS-Ab) at pH 1 and distinctly red by the naphthol AS-D-chloracetate method for specific esterase. So far, the best monolayers to trigger the FMM synthesis were those prepared from 16- to 18-day-old whole embryos. These cells were compared with LAK cells that developed on monolayers (such as embryonic skin or adult kidney) that did not trigger FMM synthesis. They were also compared with other cell types that differentiated in colonies on the fibroblast monolayers: histiocytes (fixed macrophages), mixed granulocytes/monocytes, mucosal mast cells; and with populations of mature rat T-killer cells developed on same mouse monolayers. Features distinctive to the secreting LAK-GM cells were presence of masses of membrane-limited vesicles that were strictly confined to the surface of the cells in FMM-containing colonies. All transitional forms of budding activity could be seen on the cell surface facing the masses. Within the same cells, many granules displayed varying degrees of degradation, the granular material being transformed into flocculent material that formed small pools facing each degraded surface. Other characteristics of the LAK-GM lineage were the accumulation of glycogen prior to the appearance of the FMM, the presence of several structures of a ribosome-lamella complex in the LAK-GM in colonies that did not accumulate FMM, and filopodia commonly emerging from the pole proximal to the nucleus. Of various fixation methods tried, only after treatment with absolute alcohol and subsequent drying was the FMM stained with PAS-Ab. By subsequent wetting, the capacity to be stained was irreversibly lost. After incubation of the living cultures with the enzymes hyaluronidase or chondroitinases AC or ABC, the FMM disappeared. These observations suggest a triggering mechanism by the embryonic mesenchymal fibroblastoid cells for synthesis and secretion of mucous material that is a proteoglycan of the chondroitin sulfate group.
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PMID:Secretion of mucoid material by lymphokine-activated killer cells: study by light and electron microscopy. 218 62

The distinction between malignant epithelioid pleural mesothelioma (MEPM) and peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung with pleural invasion (PAL) continues to represent a diagnostic challenge in selected cases. In order to provide comparative data on histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features of these neoplasms, we analyzed 51 ultrastructurally categorized MEPMs and 52 PALs with the periodic acid-Schiff-diastase (PAS-D), mucicarmine, and colloidal iron stains, and a panel of immunohistologic reagents. Antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Leu M1, the B72.3 antigen, blood group isoantigens (BGI), placental alkaline phosphatase, amylase, S100 protein, and Clara cell antigen were used, as applied to paraffin sections with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. Ultrastructural studies revealed long, branching microvilli in MEPM cells in all cases, with length-to-diameter ratios (LDR) of 10:1 or more. In contrast, PAL manifested short, nonbranching microvilli with LDR of 8:1 or less. Reactivity with PAS-D and mucicarmine stains was strictly confined to PAL, and hyaluronidase-sensitive colloidal iron-positivity was restricted to MEPM. However, only 63% and 41% of these respective neoplasms demonstrated such histochemical reactivity. Immunohistologic results correlated well with electron microscopic classification. All MEPMs and PALs were reactive for cytokeratin; in addition, the majority of tumors in each group expressed EMA, and a minority were reactive for vimentin. In adenocarcinomas of the lung, Leu M1 was observed in all cases, CEA was apparent in 96%, B72.3 labeled 84%, and BGI were present in 67%; all PALs expressed at least two of these determinants, but none was seen in any mesothelioma. The other markers included in this study also were observed in some PAL cases, but not in MEPM. These findings suggest that immunohistology parallels electron microscopy in efficacy in the diagnostic separation of MEPM and PAL. Using antibodies to Leu M1, CEA, and the B72.3 antigen, reactivity for at least two of these three markers appears to exclude a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. The other glycoproteinaceous, oncoplacentofetal, and cytoplasmic antigens we studied can be used to reinforce such a determination, since their distribution is confined to adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Malignant epithelioid pleural mesothelioma versus peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunohistologic study of 103 cases. 219 75

A case of a synovial sarcoma arising in the abdominal wall in a 60-year-old man is reported. Histologically, a characteristic biphasic cellular pattern with epithelium-like cell complex and fibrosarcomatous spindle cell area was found. Mucinous materials within the epithelium-like cells, intercellular clefts and pseudoglandular spaces stained positively with PAS, alcian blue, colloid iron and mucicarmine stain. The staining characteristics of these materials remained unchanged after treatment with diastase and hyaluronidase. This histochemical finding makes the diagnosis of a peritoneal mesothelioma unlikely. A brief review of previously reported cases of synovial sarcoma arising in the abdominal wall is also presented.
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PMID:[Synovial sarcoma of the abdominal wall]. 241 97


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