Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An antigen was detected in pooled human nephroblastomas using antiserum prepared in rabbits against an ethylemediaminetetra acetic acid (EDTA) extract of the tumors. This antigen was not found in normal human plasma or kidney extracts, and was not related to the ABO or Forssman blood groups. The antigen was detected in extracts of cultured nephroblastoma cells, but was not present in extracts of normal human fetal kidney cell cultures. The antigen is believed to be present at the cell surface, as cell viability was not significantly lowered during the extraction procedure. A reaction of complete identity was demonstrated by Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments with this antigen and purified bovine fetuin. The antigen was not found in extracts of human fetal spleen, thymus or kidney, nor in human fetal serum. Furthermore, the antigen does not possess determinants in common with the human alpha-fetoprotein of hepatomas, nor was it detected in human renal clear cell carcinoma. Initial characterization of the antigen showed it to be nondialysable, not sedimentable at 100,000 times g for 2 h, stable to repeated freeze-thawing and to incubation at 56 degrees C for 1 h, and water soluble over a wide pH range. The antigen was susceptible to digestion with pronase and trypsin and possibly hyaluronidase, but not to ribonuclease or neuraminidase. The protein portion is therefore of major importance to the structural integrity of this antigen. The relationship between this antigen and other abnormal materials reported previously in nephroblastoma patients is being studied.
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PMID:A fetuin-like antigen from human nephroblastoma. 5 Feb 93

Anionic sites on the surface of Brucella canis were visualized in the electron microscope by staining with positively charged ferric oxide hydrosols in acetic acid (AI-reagent), or propanoic acid (PI-reagent), and with a polycationic ferritin derivative. With the AI-reagent, single or small aggregates of ferric oxide particles were bound to the cell surface of Br. canis, whereas, with the lipophilic PI-reagent, the microorganisms were heavily stained with focal aggregates of iron granules. The polycationic ferritin label was uniformly distributed over the entire cell surface of Br. canis. The ferritin label was not bound on the surface of the organisms after prior treatment with trichloroacetic acid or methanolic hydrochloric acid. Treatment with aqueous acetone, chloroform/methanol, diethyl ether, sodium deoxycholate, pronase, lysozyme, hyaluronidase, and sodium periodate neither influenced the morphology of the Brucella nor diminished their ionic binding sites. Our results indicate that the anionic sites on the cell surface of Br. canis may be carboxyl and phosphate groups of lipopolysaccharides.
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PMID:[Ultrastructural investigations on anionic surface sites of Brucella canis (author's transl)]. 60 17

A zymographic assay for the determination of hyaluronidase activity in cell-free extracts on native polyacrylamide gels has been developed. In this assay an agarose replica of the polyacrylamide gel which contains hyaluronic acid and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used. After an incubation at 37 degrees C to allow transfer and development of enzymatic activity, the hyaluronic acid and BSA were precipitated in the agarose gel with 2 M acetic acid. Areas of enzymatic activity appeared as clear zones in the agarose replica. The assay was sensitive and was used to demonstrate hyaluronidase activity in cell-free extracts from a number of bacterial and mammalian species.
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PMID:A zymographic assay for detection of hyaluronidase activity on polyacrylamide gels and its application to enzymatic activity found in bacteria. 163 6

Two children with advanced Wilms' tumor and one with extensive nephroblastomatosis showed artifactually elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts due to circulating mucin. Wilms' tumor is known to produce mucin identifiable in serum, urine, and touch imprints. To our knowledge, circulating mucin has not been described in nephroblastomatosis. When patients' blood was mixed with lysing reagent in the Ortho ELT-800, mucin was precipitated by acetic acid; this was confirmed by microscopy. Precipitates were counted as nuclei, producing abnormal WBC counts and histograms. When measured by the Ortho ELT-8/ws using osmotic lysis, the WBC counts matched hemocytometer counts. Mucin was not seen on Wright-stained smears but was evident with alcian blue staining and was largely abolished by hyaluronidase. Treatment led to disappearance of the artifactual WBC elevation.
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PMID:Circulating mucin in Wilms' tumor and nephroblastomatosis. Effect on leukocyte counts. 245 92

The development of the chick embryonic calvarium, an intramembranous bone, is characterized by direct differentiation of cranial ectomesenchymal cells into osteoblasts without the formation of a cartilage anlage. Collagen biosynthesis remains predominantly as type I in the calvaria. However, in severely calcium-deficient chick embryos maintained in shell-less (SL) culture, cartilage-specific type II collagen is synthesized by the calvaria. Immunohistochemistry localized the cells expressing type II collagen to undermineralized regions of the SL bone. In this study, collagen gene expression in bones of normal (N) and calcium-deficient SL chick embryos was examined at Incubation Day 14 by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization. A critical step in the procedure, which used biotinylated cDNA probes, was the selection of fixation conditions which maximized RNA retention and maintenance of tissue morphology. Tissues fixed in modified Carnoy's fixative (58% ethanol, 30% choloroform, 10% acetic acid, 2% formaldehyde) for 2-4 hr at -20 degrees C sectioned well and retained their cell morphology and cytoplasmic RNA. Other treatments important for the procedure included demineralization in 0.25 M HCl and removal of matrix by hyaluronidase digestion. In situ hybridization with type-specific collagen cDNA probes revealed that type II collagen mRNA was present in cells throughout the SL calvaria. More importantly, cells with type II collagen mRNA were also present in N calvaria which do not synthesize the protein. The overall abundance of type II-positive cells in N calvaria was not significantly different from that in SL calvaria, but their distribution throughout the bones differed. In general, the regional distribution of type II cells was inversely correlated with the extent of matrix mineralization. In the N calvaria, cells containing collagen type II mRNA were absent in the extensively mineralized superior zone, but were found in the temporal zone which showed limited mineralization. On the other hand, in the SL calvaria, which were substantially undermineralized overall, cells with type II mRNA were found throughout the tissue. Interestingly, the overall ratio of type I cells to type II cells was approximately 50% higher in N calvaria. These findings suggest that collagen type mRNA expression in the chick embryonic calvarium is correlated with, and perhaps dependent on, the extent of tissue matrix mineralization.
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PMID:Expression of collagen type transcripts in chick embryonic bone detected by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization. 246 43

Daily oral administration of gossypol acetic acid (40 mg/kg body weight daily) resulted in a gradual decrease in the semen volume and sperm concentration. Fertility dropped to zero at the end of the treatment period. Activities of acrosin, hyaluronidase and angiotensin converting enzyme were also drastically decreased by the end of the treatment period. A loss of appetite, loss of body weight and morphological abnormalities in spermatozoa were noticed in the treated cocks. At 4 weeks after cessation of the treatment, full recovery of the above measures was recorded. Healthy chicks were hatched and were observed for several months.
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PMID:Studies on antifertility effects of gossypol acetic acid in domestic cocks. 253 13

Effect of oral administration of gossypol acetic acid (15 mg/kg/day) for 10 weeks, on certain enzymes, which may be taken as markers for the different stages of spermatogenesis, was studied in male albino rats. Gossypol produced a significant decrease in hyaluronidase and sorbitol dehydrogenase, while no change was observed in beta-glucuronidase and acid phosphatase. A significant increase in the total lactate dehydrogenase activity was observed in the testis. The possible significance of these findings is discussed.
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PMID:Effect of gossypol on few testicular enzymes in mature rats. 263 70

Bilateral nephroblastomatosis was diagnosed in a 15-month-old white female. Prior to surgery, multiple peripheral blood smears (Wrights' stain) revealed an azurophilic staining extracellular material. When serum was added to a three percent acetic acid solution, a floccular, fibrous precipitate formed at the meniscus of the tube. Serum protein electrophoresis on cellulose acetate support media resulted in a distorted pattern which corrected to a normal pattern upon treatment with hyaluronidase. These peripheral blood abnormalities disappeared following a left nephrectomy. Quantitative chemical analysis of diseased renal tissue yielded 81 micrograms of readily extracted glycosaminoglycan (GAG) per gram of tissue. The importance of abnormal glycosaminoglycan production in patients with malignant disease is discussed both in terms of clinical importance and possible roles of cell exudates.
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PMID:Glycosaminoglycan in the blood and renal tissue of a patient with nephroblastomatosis. 298 11

The incorporation of labeled acetate into lipids was studied in rat hepatocytes isolated after treatment of liver with collagenase and hyaluronidase. About 60% of the lipid radioactivity was in free cholesterol and 13% was in triglycerides. Acetate incorporation was markedly inhibited when human serum lipoproteins were present in the incubation medium. Very low, high, and low density lipoproteins, at concentrations of 1.0 mg/ml, inhibited acetate incorporation by 70, 55, and 35%, respectively. Chylomicrons, at similar concentrations, did not inhibit acetate incorporation. The distribution of radioactivity into lipid classes was unchanged by the addition of lipoproteins. Lipoproteins did not produce a nonspecific toxic effect on hepatocytes, since their addition did not alter the rate of leucine incorporation into protein. The addition of the delipidated protein from low density lipoprotein or of lecithin in amounts comparable to those present in inhibitory concentrations of lipoproteins failed to diminish acetate incorporation. Artificial cholesterol-lecithin emulsions containing small amounts of free cholesterol did not inhibit lipid synthesis. Although the mechanism for the inhibition of acetate incorporation by lipoproteins is unclear, such effects may play some physiological role in the control of lipid biosynthesis in the liver.
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PMID:Inhibition of lipid synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes by serum lipoproteins. 433 Sep 26

The appearance and distribution of the extracellular material glycoprotein, fibronectin, was investigated in gastrulating chick embryos using affinity-purified anti-human plasma fibronectin antibodies. Preservation of tissue structure and immunoreactivity was carried out by ethanol/acetic acid fixation or by formaldehyde/glutaraldehyde fixation. Using the former fixation method, fibronectin immunoreactivity was detected (1) at the ventral surface of the upper layer or epiblast, mainly anterior and lateral to Hensen's node, in regions where middle-layer or mesoblast cells are not yet present, and (2) sparsely in extracellular spaces of the deep layer. Using the latter fixation method, fibronectin immunoreactivity was, moreover, found at the entire ventral surface of the upper layer, i.e., also at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface, where a basement membrane was previously described. At the light microscope level, we could not detect significant immunoreactivity in the middle layer. Treatment of sections of ethanol-fixed blastoderms with testicular hyaluronidase before immunostaining for fibronectin partially demasked the antigenic sites of this glycoprotein at the epithelial-mesenchymal interface. The present report indicates that the different regional patterns of fibronectin immunoreactivity in the basement membrane of the upper layer are spatially and temporally correlated with migration and positioning of mesoblast cells. These regional patterns are probably due to differences in the composition of fibronectin-associated material such as chondroitin sulfate A and/or C proteoglycans, and/or hyaluronate, before and after mesoblast expansion, rather than to differences in the distribution of fibronectin itself. In this respect. In this respect, it is noteworthy that the chemical composition of the basement membrane of an epithelium changes as mesenchyme cells migrate over it. The results also favor the idea that fibronectin is a structural component of the whole basement membrane which is used as a substrate for migration of mesenchymal cells.
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PMID:Expression of different regional patterns of fibronectin immunoreactivity during mesoblast formation in the chick blastoderm. 636 64


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