Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

In the present study we investigated the antiinflammatory effect of pentosanpolysulfate (SP 54) in combination with metamizol using different forms of rat paw edema (induced by dextrane, hyaluronidase, trypsin, formaldehyde, carragenine or kaolin). After s. c. application Probaphen, a new drug containing pentosanpolysulfate, metamizol, and lidocaine, proved in our experiments to exert an antiphlogistic effect about 40% stronger than the equivalent amount of SP 54 alone. Since pentosanpolysulfate by itself has no analgetic activity, its combination with metamizol results in a formulation which is not only a more potent antiinflammatory drug but will aslo counteract pains which accompany most edematous reactions. Probaphen may therefore be suggested for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and similar inflammatory and edematous processes. First clinical studies and reports on Probaphen fully support our pharmacological results.
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PMID:[Pharmacological studies on the antiphlogistic effect of pentosanpolysulfate in combination with metamizol]. 57 70

15 cases of human malignant melanoma were studied and classified into 5 superficial speading (SSM), 5 nodular melanomas (NM), and 5 melanoma metastasis (Met). The tissue was fixed with formaldehyde and cetylpyridium chloride (CPC). Glycosaminoglycans (GAG) or proteoglycans respectively were characterized by Alcian blue staining following the method of critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) (Scott, Dorling 1965) and by testes hyaluronidase. The staining intensities were quantified by a Leitz MPV photometer microscope in basement membranes (BM) and tumor septa. Tumor septa, which may be looked on as correlates of epithelial BM material, show increased straining intensities as compared to the normal BM (nBM) around the tumor. It is concluded from the sensitivity to testes hyaluronidase and the straining pattern that these are caused by increased straining of GAG of the type of chondroitin sulfates and possibly of dermatan sulfate while unsulfated GAG are rather decreased. The GAG pattern in BM in SSM shows characteristics of tumor septa and of nBM as well. The staining of the tumors shows higher intensities than that of all structures in the normal skin. It is concluded that increasing malignancy is accompanied by increasing changes in GAG which can be quantified by the method used topohistochemically discerning the healthy tissue from malignant structures.
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PMID:[Histotopochemical quantification of glycosaminoglycans in melanomas and the surrounding epidermis]. 209 11

The pathogenicity and presence of serovar-specific hemagglutinating (HA) antigens of Haemophilus paragallinarum serovar B reference strains 0222 and Spross and field isolates 24268 and 24317 were investigated. Chickens challenged with all strains except strain 0222 showed clinical signs of infectious coryza. For all four strains, challenged chickens had intrasinus lesions and were colonized by the challenge organism. Before and after hyaluronidase treatment, strains 0222, 24268, and 24317 showed HA activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes but not against fresh chicken erythrocytes. Strain Spross expressed HA activity only after treatment. In cross-hemagglutination-inhibition tests, the four serovar B strains cross-reacted with each other but not with serovar A and C strains. Cross-adsorption tests indicated that strain 24317 has a wider range of HA antigens than the other two strains. Our results indicated that H. paragallinarum serovar B strains are pathogenic for chickens and that they possess six different HA antigens, one of which is specific for serovar B strains.
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PMID:Pathogenicity and serovar-specific hemagglutinating antigens of Haemophilus paragallinarum serovar B strains. 214 63

The development of the chick embryonic calvarium, an intramembranous bone, is characterized by direct differentiation of cranial ectomesenchymal cells into osteoblasts without the formation of a cartilage anlage. Collagen biosynthesis remains predominantly as type I in the calvaria. However, in severely calcium-deficient chick embryos maintained in shell-less (SL) culture, cartilage-specific type II collagen is synthesized by the calvaria. Immunohistochemistry localized the cells expressing type II collagen to undermineralized regions of the SL bone. In this study, collagen gene expression in bones of normal (N) and calcium-deficient SL chick embryos was examined at Incubation Day 14 by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization. A critical step in the procedure, which used biotinylated cDNA probes, was the selection of fixation conditions which maximized RNA retention and maintenance of tissue morphology. Tissues fixed in modified Carnoy's fixative (58% ethanol, 30% choloroform, 10% acetic acid, 2% formaldehyde) for 2-4 hr at -20 degrees C sectioned well and retained their cell morphology and cytoplasmic RNA. Other treatments important for the procedure included demineralization in 0.25 M HCl and removal of matrix by hyaluronidase digestion. In situ hybridization with type-specific collagen cDNA probes revealed that type II collagen mRNA was present in cells throughout the SL calvaria. More importantly, cells with type II collagen mRNA were also present in N calvaria which do not synthesize the protein. The overall abundance of type II-positive cells in N calvaria was not significantly different from that in SL calvaria, but their distribution throughout the bones differed. In general, the regional distribution of type II cells was inversely correlated with the extent of matrix mineralization. In the N calvaria, cells containing collagen type II mRNA were absent in the extensively mineralized superior zone, but were found in the temporal zone which showed limited mineralization. On the other hand, in the SL calvaria, which were substantially undermineralized overall, cells with type II mRNA were found throughout the tissue. Interestingly, the overall ratio of type I cells to type II cells was approximately 50% higher in N calvaria. These findings suggest that collagen type mRNA expression in the chick embryonic calvarium is correlated with, and perhaps dependent on, the extent of tissue matrix mineralization.
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PMID:Expression of collagen type transcripts in chick embryonic bone detected by in situ cDNA-mRNA hybridization. 246 43

Four field isolates (S4, S10, S15, and S17) of Haemophilus paragallinarum were recovered from chickens affected with infectious coryza in widely separated regions of Japan. Their hemagglutinating (HA) activity and immunological properties were compared with those of strain 221 of serovar A/1 and strains Modesto and S1 of serovar C/2. When treated with potassium thiocyanate or hyaluronidase, all the isolates showed HA activity against formaldehyde-fixed chicken erythrocytes but not against fresh chicken erythrocytes. In the hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, the isolates cross-reacted with strains Modesto and S1 but not with strain 221. The immunological properties of these isolates, as determined by cross-protection tests, were similar to those of strain S1 and, to a lesser degree, strain Modesto, but not to strain 221. Our results indicated that the four field isolates belong to serovar C/2 and that the HI test is a suitable method for serotyping H. paragallinarum.
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PMID:Hemagglutinating activity and immunological properties of Haemophilus paragallinarum field isolates in Japan. 277 98

Benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas are composed of an admixture of fibroblast-like and histiocyte-like cells and of a changing amount of fibre structures which tend to be arranged in a so-called storiform pattern. In order to study the organization of the extracellular matrix, the distribution of fibronectin was investigated immunohistochemically. Using the PAP technique and the indirect immunofluorescence method, paraffin sections of formaldehyde fixed tissue specimens of 25 tumours (12 benign fibrous histiocytomas, 12 malignant fibrous histiocytomas, and 1 atypical fibroxanthoma) were studied. A pretreatment with hyaluronidase and proteolytic enzymes (trypsin, pronase, pepsin) was performed to unmask the antigen. Best results were obtained with pronase E or, sometimes even better, by employing a combination of pronase E and hyaluronidase. Generally fibronectin could be demonstrated in the matrix substances of fibrohistiocytic tumours, but the immunohistochemical staining patterns of benign and malignant tumours differed. In benign fibrous histiocytomas, a regular distribution of fibronectin was found in cellular areas. Parallel to formation of collagen fibres, the reaction decreased and in dermatofibromas showing abundant hyalinized collagen the staining proved to be quite weak. In malignant fibrous histiocytomas, the immunostaining was very irregular. In cellular areas consisting of spindle cells, an intense reaction could be observed. Tumours with storiform or fascicular fields exhibit a delicate network of fibronectin encircling individual fibroblast-like cells. In the course of fibre formation, the matrix staining for fibronectin revealed a distribution similar but not identical with that obtained with the reticulin stain. Simultaneous to the occurrence of collagen fibre bundles, fibronectin decreased and in areas of hyalinization the staining was considerably diminished. In areas of undifferentiated small cells, in myxoid zones as well as foci of xanthoma cells, and in pleomorphic portions the immunostain was negative. The distribution in atypical fibroxanthoma is similar to that observed in storiform and pleomorphic variants of malignant fibrous histiocytomas. The results support the suggestion that fibronectin is the first sign of the typical basic pattern of fibrohistiocytic tumours preceding the formation of reticulin and collagen fibres. The expression of fibronectin on cell surfaces as well as in intercellular matrix may be closely related to the organization of the growth patterns of fibrohistiocytic tumours.
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PMID:Fibronectin in relation to growth patterns of fibrohistiocytic tumours--an immunohistochemical study of benign and malignant fibrous histiocytomas. 282 24

The presence and localization of fibronectin in normal and acutely inflamed appendices in man was studied using indirect immunoperoxidase technique on sections of formaldehyde fixed and paraffin embedded tissue, following pretreatment with pepsin and testicular hyaluronidase. In the normal appendix fibronectin was demonstrated in the region of the basement membrane of the surface epithelium, in the loose connective tissue, in the perimysium around the individual smooth muscle cells and in the vessel walls. In the acutely inflamed appendices, fibronectin was found in the luminal necrotic area, both intercellularly and in the cytoplasma of some inflammatory cells. In relation to the surface inflammation and in the tissue matrix corresponding to the acute inflammatory reaction fibronection was, compared to the normal appendix, found in increased amount. Furthermore, a comparison between the use of a primary antibody to fibronectin, produced in our collaborating laboratory and two different commercial primary antibodies showed that the staining results concerning the localization of fibronectin were equal for all three antibodies, whereas the commercial antibodies showed a weaker staining intensity and some unspecific staining compared to the antibody produced in our collaborating laboratory.
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PMID:Demonstration of fibronectin in normal and acutely inflamed appendix. 355 6

The role of hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the penetration by mouse spermatozoa through the layers surrounding the oocyte was investigated by in vitro techniques. Myocrisin, fenoprofen, phosphorulated hesperidin and PS53 (a hydroquinone-sulfonic acid-formaldehyde polymer) inhibited fertilization when incubated with capacitated spermatozoa before the treated spermatozoa were mixed with intact oocytes but not when the inhibitor-treated, capacitated spermatozoa were added to oocytes free of follicle cells. The antifertility activity did not appear to be due to an effect on sperm motility or on the oocytes. These 4 compounds are known hyaluronidase inhibitors and, of the acrosomal enzymes tested, only share inhibition of hyaluronidase. Kinetic studies indicated that myocrisin is a reversible inhibitor of mouse sperm hyaluronidase whereas the other three are irreversible inhibitors. Adding saccharolactone, a beta-glucuronidase inhibitor, or N-acetylglucosaminolactone and N-acetylgalactosaminolactone, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitors, to capacitated spermatozoa under the same conditions as the hyaluronidase inhibitors did not decrease fertilization. This was the case even though the beta-glucuronidase or beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase activities of the spermatozoa were completely inhibited, at least at the time that the inhibitor-treated, capacitated spermatozoa were mixed with the oocytes. The hyaluronidase activity of mouse spermatozoa remained unaltered during the incubation period required for capacitation; however, prolonged incubation caused a significant decrease in hyaluronidase. Untreated mouse spermatozoa caused hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid more effectively than did sperm extracts obtained by detergent extraction. These results are consistent with the theory of an essential role of hyaluronidase in mouse fertilization. At least in this species, the enzyme appears to be specifically involved in sperm penetration through the follicle cell layer. The data do not support an essential role for beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase in the penetration by mouse spermatozoa through the oocyte's investments. In contrast to some other species, sperm capacitation in mice does not result in a loss of hyaluronidase although part of the enzyme activity is lost on prolonged incubation. Mouse spermatozoa appear to be able to digest substrate (hyaluronic acid) even though hyaluronidase is not released.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronidase, beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase inhibitors on sperm penetration of the mouse oocyte. 376 57

Cerebral neurons in monolayer cultures, subjected to 25 micrograms/ml trypsin, lose after 10 min about 43.5% and 40.5% of the ability to bind 125I-labeled tetanotoxin as measured at 0-4 degrees C and 37 degrees C respectively. These losses are maximal by 30 min and can be prevented by 1.5 mg/ml soybean trypsin inhibitor. Chymotrypsin but not collagenase or hyaluronidase is also effective in reducing binding of toxin to cells. The trypsin-insensitive toxin-binding activity can be further eliminated by treatment with sialidase or by cell extraction with methanol. Fixation of cells with 3.5% paraformaldehyde or 2% glutaraldehyde also results in a marked decrease of 52.4% and 25% respectively in the toxin-cell association. Methanol or sialidase but not trypsin removes the remaining binding activity. About one-third of the lipid-linked and protein-linked sialic acid is removed after sialidase treatment whereas 1% and 9.4% respectively are removed after trypsin treatment. The data are consistent with the possibility that, in addition to a sialic acid component, binding of tetanotoxin to nerve cells is facilitated by a trypsin-removable and formaldehyde-inactivated component. There was no evidence for a polypeptide to substitute gangliosides as receptors for tetanotoxin. On the contrary, solubility in organic solvents and interaction of the extracted products with labeled toxin remain the major proof that gangliosides are the putative receptors for tetanotoxin.
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PMID:Tetanus toxin receptors on nerve cells contain a trypsin-sensitive component. 394 36

The influence of testicular hyaluronidase treatment on the immunohistochemical localization of fibronectin in different tissues (human articular cartilage, large intestine, synovial membrane and experimental granulation tissue) as well on frozen as on formaldehyde fixed, paraffin embedded tissue, has been studied using the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. Pretreatment with hyaluronidase is essential in demonstrating fibronectin in frozen sections of human articular cartilage. In the other tissues examined treatment with hyaluronidase was not essential, but gave a more optimal staining quality. The effect of hyaluronidase treatment was to some extent dependent on the duration of treatment. In formaldehyde fixed, paraffin processed tissue the improvement with hyaluronidase treatment was only seen when the hyaluronidase followed pepsin digestion of the deparaffinized tissue sections.
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PMID:The value of hyaluronidase treatment of different tissues before demonstration of fibronectin by the indirect immunoperoxidase technique. 618 16


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