Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit eyes with steroid-induced ocular hypertension were investigated in order to evaluate the histochemical abnormalities in the chamber angle region. The right eye of 14 rabbits was treated by dexamethasone 1% 3 times daily for 3 to 5 weeks. The eyes were stained by haematoxylin-eosin, periodic acid Schiff, fibrin, colloidal iron, and alcian blue with and without hyaluronidase. All treated eyes developed elevated intraocular pressure up to 4 weeks after treatment. These globes showed alcian-blue-positive hyaluronidase-sensitive staining in the amorphous material adjacent to Schlemm's canal and in the cytoplasmic granules of trabecular endothelial cells. There was no increase in incorporation of radioactive thymidine into nuclei of endothelial cells as seen by autoradiography. These results provide further support for the idea that there is abnormal accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides in the chamber angle in steroid-induced ocular hypertension.
Br J Ophthalmol 1979 Sep
PMID:Ocular changes in rabbits with corticosteroid-induced ocular hypertension. 15 77

Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from purified fractions of glomerular basement membranes and partially characterized by chemical analysis and cellulose acetate electrophoresis. Basement membranes were prepared by detergent treatment of rat glomeruli and subjected to digestion with papain and Pronase. Glycosaminoglycans were isolated from the digests by precipitation with cetyl pyridinium chloride and ethanol. Results of cellulose acetate electrophoresis of the isolated glycosaminoglycan fraction revealed the presence of one major and one minor spot. The major spot was identified as heparan sulfate because it comigrated with the heparan sulfate standard and was sensitive to heparinase and to nitrous acid oxidation but insensitive to chondroitinase ABC and to testicular or leech hyaluronidase. The minor spot was tentatively identified as hyaluronic acid based on its migratory behavior and sensitivity to leech and testicular hyaluronidase. The chemical composition of the isolated glycosaminoglycan was typical of that of heparan sulfate (high carbazole/orcinol ratio, high sulfate content, absence of galactosamine). The data support and confirm the cytochemical data obtained previously [Kanwar, Y. S. & Farquhar, M. G. (1979) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 76, 1303-1307] demonstrating that heparan sulfate is the only sulfated glycosaminoglycan detectable in the glomerular basement membrane. The present results suggest that in addition to sulfated glycosaminoglycan some nonsulfated glycosaminoglycan (hyaluronic acid) may also be present in the glomerular basement membrane.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1979 Sep
PMID:Isolation of glycosaminoglycans (heparan sulfate) from glomerular basement membranes. 15 57

Morphologically and functionally intact acinar cells have been obtained from the rat parotid gland through enzymatic dispersion with pure collagenase, hyaluronidase, and trypsin as well as mild mechanical forces. Cell yields of 30-50% of the original tissue weight with over 95% acinar cells were accomplished. The cells in suspension assumed a more or less spherical shape but the intracellular polarity of organelle distribution was maintained. The cells in suspension at 37 degrees C maintained stable monovalent cationic composition but lost potassium and gained sodium rapidly upon exposure to ouabain, 10(-5) M. The intracellular amylase concentration and the patterns of secretion of amylase and of synthesis of cyclic AMP by the cells in response to adrenergic stimulation with epinephrine or isoproterenol were comparable to those of the intact gland in situ. In addition, the cells showed good O2 consumption and maintained it constant for periods up to 8 h. These cells could be used as experimental tools for in vitro studies of receptor physiology and biochemistry, cell membrane function, cellular secretory mechanisms, and other parameters of exocrine gland cell physiology.
Am J Physiol 1975 Sep
PMID:Dispersed rat parotid acinar cells. I. Morphological and functional characterization. 17 40

A microcellular dispersion procedure for the rat neurohypophysis was developed, comprising tissue softening and dissociation using a special sieving sytringe. In preparatory studies the influence of mesh width, and treatment with trypsin, pronase or collagenase-hyaluronidase was investigated using light and electron microscopy, as well as with microchemistry by means of protein and lactate dehydrogenase activity determinations. Trypsinization gave the best results. In the final adopted procedure, 3 incubated neurohypophyses were sequentially sieved through a 200- and a 50-mum mesh. The resulting 50-mul dispersion was found to contain numerous ultrastructurally well-preserved pinched-off axonal endings (neurosecretosomes), and pituicytes often revealing processes. On the basis of DNA and oxytocin assays 11% of the pituicytes and 28% of the axonal cytoplasm were recovered. Oxytocin immunofluorescence microscopy showed hormone within the neurosecretosomes, but often also in the cytoplasm of pituicytes. Microdensity gradient centrifugation was performed on neurohypophyseal disperions, in order to obtain fractions enriched for neurosecretosomes and pituicytes. Fractions were characterized by means of phase contrast, oxytocin immunofluorescence and electron microscopy, as well as by oxytocin and DNA assays as respective markers. With a 10:14:22% (w/v) Ficoll gradient, fractions were obtained for which the relative purification was by a factor of 4 on the basis of DNA/oxytocin ratios.
Brain Res 1976 Sep 17
PMID:Enzymic preparation of neurosecretosome- and pituicyte-enriched fractions from the rat neurohypophysis. 18 63

The mechanism of albumin biosynthesis was studied in Morris hepatoma 5123tc in vivo and in hepatoma cell suspensions obtained by solubilizing the intercellular matrix with collagenase and hyaluronidase. In the in vivo experiments, L-[-14C]leucine was injected i.v. into rats bearing hepatomas in the muscles of both hind legs. After 14 min, tumors were removed and homogenized. A protein fraction quantitatively precipitable with antialbumin was isolated from the homogenate by acetone fractionation and precipitation with antiserum against serum albumin. This protein fraction was not homogeneous. With the use of 3 consecutive chromatographies on diethylaminoethyl cellulose, a very highly radioactive albumin-like protein could be separated from a large amount of only slightly radioactive albumin. In hepatoma cell suspensions incubated with L-[1-14C]leucine followed by a chase with excess nonradioactive L-leucine, radioactivity was incorporated first into the albumin-like protein and transferred thereafter into albumin, suggesting that albumin was synthesized via the albuminlike protein as precursor. In vivo, 1.8% of newly synthesized hepatoma protein was albumin or its precursor, compared with 1.2% in cell suspensions.
Cancer Res 1976 Sep
PMID:Biosynthesis of albumin via a precursor protein in Morris hepatoma 5123tc. 18 40

The reactions of purified, homogeneous bovine testicular hyaluronidase have been studied with radioactively labeled oligomers of hyalobiuronic acid, (GlcUA-GlcNAc)n, as substrates and acceptors. Transglycosylation occurs by transfer of a glycosyl residue with retention of configuration from a leaving group to an acceptor. On the basis of detailed examination of cleavage and transglycosylation patterns for the trimer; comparison of trimer, tetramer, and polymer as substrates; comparison of acceptors; equilibrium binding; and other data, it is proposed that the enzyme's active site consists of five subsites for hyalobiuronate residues. In the terminology of Schechter, I., and Berger, A. ((1966) Biochemistry 5, 3371), these are s2-s1-s' 2-s3, where the reducing terminus is to the right, and cleavage occurs between s1 and s' 1. It is proposed that subsite s'2 has a high affinity for a substrate residue, while s1 and s'1 have low substrate affinity, and s2 and s' 3 are intermediate in affinity. This proposal is seen to have mechanistic implications. The reactions of several substrates show similar bell-shaped pH dependences, with optima in the region of pH 5 to 5.5.
J Biol Chem 1975 Sep 25
PMID:Mechanism of action of bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Mapping of the active site. 24 Aug 30

The present investigation endeavors to characterize the mucosubstance content of 170 myxoid and chondromatous tumors and chordomas by histochemical methods. The results obtained using the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) method as introduced by Scott and co-workers23,24 were compared with those obtained by staining with alcian blue and toluidine blue at different pH's with and without pretreatment with bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Tissues known biochemically to contain different heteroglycans were used as controls: synovial fluid and cock's comb (hyaluronic acid) stained with alcian blue up to a MgCl2 concentration of 0.1 M; fetal cartilage (chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate) pulposus with notochordal remnants (keratan sulphate) up 10 1.0 M. The staining reaction of intramuscular myxoma and myxoid liposarcoma corresponded to that of synovial fluid and cock's comb (containing hyaluronic acid). Benign chondromatous tumors (osteochondroma, enchondroma, extraskeletal chondroma, chondromatosis in bursae, synovia, and tendon) as well as well-differentiated chondrosarcomas had a similar staining reaction to that of adult cartilage (containing keratan sulphate). However, the intensity of the reaction was lower in these tumors than in the adult cartilage, indicating that the keratan sulphate content of the tumors is lower. Most of the moderately well-differentiated chondrosarcomas, the poorly differentiated chondrosarcomas, and pulmonary metastases of chondrosarcoma, as well as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and extra-skeletal chondrosarcoma possessed the same staining properties as fetal cartilage, known to contain chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate but not keratan sulphate. A few of the moderately well-differentiated chondrosarcomas stained up to a MgCl2 concentration of 1.0 M. Three cases of poorly differentiated chondrosarcomas stained with alcian blue up to 0.35-0.45 M in the lowest differentiated areas, indicating the presence of sulphated heteroglycans, as chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate. Most chordomas possessed the same staining properties as fetal cartilage; however, a few chordomas stained in the same way as notochordal remnants of nucleus pulposus (containing keratan sulphate), which are thought to be the origin of these tumors. The results of staining of the tumors in the present series with the Scott technique corresponds well with toluidine blue and alcian blue at different pH's with and without pretreatment of the sections with testicular hyaluronidase. Since bone and soft tissue tumors may contain varying mucosubstances depending on the tissue of origin and on differentiation, histochemical investigation of the heteroglycan content of these tumors may be a valuable diagnostic aid.
Cancer 1975 Sep
PMID:Histochemical characterization of mucosubstances in bone and soft tissue-tumors. 24 81

Antibodies to proteoglycan (PG) and glycoprotein of bovine nasal cartilage were conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate and with horseradish peroxidase. Hyaluronidase digestion of cartilage tissue-specimens increased the intensity of immune reactions; pronase digestion or extraction with 4 M guanidinium chloride abolished the staining. In the intercellular matrix fine filaments beaded with small granules were seen forming an irregular network. The interstices of the network are filled with collagen fibers linked together by the filaments and granules. In view of the linear conformation of core proteins of PGs and the globular conformation of glycoproteins (link proteins), it may be supposed that the granules and filaments represent these two protein components of PG-aggregates. In chondrocytes a homogeneous staining was recorded in the endoplasmic reticulum, in the juxtanuclear areas and in several smooth-walled vesicles and elongated areas situating subjacent to the cell membrane. In contrast to the extracellular immune reactions, this homogeneous intracellular staining was never enhanced by hyaluronidase digestion. This is interpreted in the sense that conformation changes of molecules secreted, and the aggregation of PGs, occur extracellularly.
Histochemistry 1977 Sep 22
PMID:The localization of proteoglycans and glycoproteins in the hyaline cartilage. 33 74

A single intraperitoneal dose of methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (13 mg/kg body weight) given to 78 5-week-old male rats induced 25 mesotheliomas; two mesotheliomas were found in 67 control rats. All mesotheliomas arose from the peritesticular mesothelium and had a typical microscopic appearance of branching papillary fronds with a collagenous core covered by one or many layers of plump tumor cells. Cytoplasm of tumor cells contained material that reacted positively to a colloidal iron stain and was labile to hyaluronidase. In addition to frank mesotheliomas, 16 lesions, which we called atypical mesothelial proliferations, were found. These consisted of a single focus of plump mesothelial cells overlying an area of thick stroma. Often these foci included short, non-branched papillary projections above the surface of adjacent normal mesothelium. Twelve of the 16 lesions occurred in methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine-treated rats.
Vet Pathol 1979 Sep
PMID:Mesotheliomas and proliferative lesions of the testicular mesothelium produced in Fischer, Sprague-Dawley and Buffalo rats by methyl(acetoxymethyl)nitrosamine (DMN-OAc). 47 88

During the first 10 days after peripheral deafferentation of the mouse olfactory bulb stereoselective binding of L-[3H]carnosine declines markedly. The initial phase of this decline is due to a decrease in binding site stereoselectivity, which is then followed by a loss of assayable binding sites. The specificity of inhibition of L-[3H]carnosine binding by various peptides is also altered after denervation. Competitive inhibitors of carnosine binding become less potent after denervation, while analogues which are not competitive inhibitors remain equipotent before and after denervation. Several carnosine analogues that are normally poor inhibitors become more potent after denervation. Treatment of bulb membranes with trypsin, RNase and hyaluronidase, but not DNase or collagenase, resulted in significant alterations in carnosine binding. L-, but not D-carnosine, protected the binding site from trypsin digestion, and induced additional binding in bulb membranes in a dose-and temperature-dependent fashion. Preincubation of membranes with L-carnosine also led to the induction of additional carnosine binding in membranes from cerebral cortex, cerebellum and deafferentated bulbs but not from muscle. Bulbs from newborn mice contain about one-half of the adult levels of binding and no significant sex differences in carnosine binding were detected in bulbs from adult rats. L-[3H]carnosine binding was two-fold higher in the anterior compared to the posterior portion of the bulb, but there were no significant differences in binding of opiate, GABA, alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic, benzodiazepine of glutamic acid receptor ligands.
Brain Res 1979 Sep 28
PMID:L-[3H]Carnosine binding in the olfactory bulb. II. Biochemical and biological studies. 48 25


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