Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various pharmacologic vitreolysis agents, including hyaluronidase, urea, plasmin, dispase, tissue plasminogen activator and chondroitinase have been tested. Pharmacologic vitreolysis can avoid the complications of surgery such as cataract, endophthalmitis, retinal hemorrhage, tear or detachment, and anesthesia related complications. Hyaluronan is a major macromolecule of vitreous. It is a long, unbranched polymer of repeating disaccharide (glucuronic acid beta (1,3)-N-acetylglucosamine) moieties linked by beta 1-4 bonds. Hyaluronan is covalently linked to a protein core, to form a proteoglycan. It plays a pivotal role in stabilizing the vitreous gel. Hyaluronidase cleaves glycosidic bonds of hyaluronic acid and, to a variable degree, other acid mucopolysaccharides of the connective tissue. Dissolution of the hyaluronic acid and collagen complex results in decreased viscosity of the extracellular matrix. This in turn increases the diffusion rate of erythrocytes and exudates along with phagocytes through the vitreous and facilitates red blood cell lysis and phagocytosis.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase for pharmacologic vitreolysis. 1949 48

Vitreous humor (VH) is used for postmortem diagnosis of metabolic diseases and to clarify the postmortem interval. Because of its viscous nature, this fluid has to be liquefied prior to analysis; however variations in measured concentrations of the analytes are ascribed to different pre-analytical treatment methods with regard to. The aim of this study was to compare different pre-analytical methods. Centrifugation, heat treatment, enzymatic digestion and liquefying by ultrasound were compared using a collection of 120 samples obtained from 2003 to 2007. The determined parameters were: sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium, glucose, creatinine, urea and lactate. Analyses were performed either photometrically or by using ion-selective electrodes. Heat and hyaluronidase treatment generate slightly higher and lower values in the measurement of electrolytes and glucose. However, in the determination of calcium concentration, both methods (heat especially) are associated with extreme low or high values. Only differences between ultrasound and centrifugation treatment show comparatively small variations and are close to instrument accuracy. Therefore, we recommend centrifugation, combined with mixing, as the best and easiest method in which to prepare frozen samples for analysis. Additionally, the measurement of lactate shows that analytical methods, calibrated for serum and urine, cannot be easily applied for VH.
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PMID:Variations in vitreous humor chemical values as a result of pre-analytical treatment. 2151 17

A hyaluronic acid-degrading enzyme (hyaluronidase; HAase) is involved in tumor growth and inflammation, and consequently, HAase inhibitors have received recent attention as potential pharmaceuticals. Previous studies have discovered a wide range of inhibitors; however, unfortunately, most of them are dissimilar to the original ligand hyaluronic acid, and their mode of inhibition remains ambiguous or seems promiscuous. This situation presents an urgent need for readily available and highly reliable assay systems identifying the promiscuous inhibitory properties of HAase inhibitors. We have previously proposed a unique method to identify promiscuous nonspecific binding inhibitors of HAase by using the DMSO-perturbing effect. Here, to obtain mechanistic insights into the DMSO-perturbing assay, we studied the addition effect of 11 water-compatible chemicals on HAase inhibitory assay. Intriguingly, the perturbing property was found to be highly specific to DMSO. Furthermore, kinetic analyses described characteristic description of the perturbing property of DMSO: DMSO displayed entropy-driven interactions with HAase, whereas nonperturbing agents such as ethanol and urea exhibited enthalpy-driven interactions. The enthalpy-driven tight interactions of ethanol and urea with HAase would lead to the irreversible denaturation of the enzymes, while the entropy-driven weak interactions caused structural and catalytic perturbation, generating nonproductive but nondenatured states of enzymes, that are key species of the perturbation assay. With these mechanistic understandings in hand, the present assay will enable rapid and reliable identification of HAase inhibitors with certain pharmaceutical potential.
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PMID:Mechanistic Insights into a DMSO-Perturbing Inhibitory Assay of Hyaluronidase. 3294 Sep 96


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