Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

During the first 10 days after peripheral deafferentation of the mouse olfactory bulb stereoselective binding of L-[3H]carnosine declines markedly. The initial phase of this decline is due to a decrease in binding site stereoselectivity, which is then followed by a loss of assayable binding sites. The specificity of inhibition of L-[3H]carnosine binding by various peptides is also altered after denervation. Competitive inhibitors of carnosine binding become less potent after denervation, while analogues which are not competitive inhibitors remain equipotent before and after denervation. Several carnosine analogues that are normally poor inhibitors become more potent after denervation. Treatment of bulb membranes with trypsin, RNase and hyaluronidase, but not DNase or collagenase, resulted in significant alterations in carnosine binding. L-, but not D-carnosine, protected the binding site from trypsin digestion, and induced additional binding in bulb membranes in a dose-and temperature-dependent fashion. Preincubation of membranes with L-carnosine also led to the induction of additional carnosine binding in membranes from cerebral cortex, cerebellum and deafferentated bulbs but not from muscle. Bulbs from newborn mice contain about one-half of the adult levels of binding and no significant sex differences in carnosine binding were detected in bulbs from adult rats. L-[3H]carnosine binding was two-fold higher in the anterior compared to the posterior portion of the bulb, but there were no significant differences in binding of opiate, GABA, alpha-adrenergic, muscarinic cholinergic, benzodiazepine of glutamic acid receptor ligands.
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PMID:L-[3H]Carnosine binding in the olfactory bulb. II. Biochemical and biological studies. 48 25

Cell suspensions were generated from rat olfactory epithelium by digestion with collagenase and hyaluronidase followed by gentle mechanical disruption. These cell suspensions excluded nigrosin dye and synthesized RNA, protein and carnosine from radiolabeled precursors. Sustentacular cells, repiratory epithelial cells and olfactory neurons but not basal cells could be identified by phase-contrast microscopy. Sedimentation of these cell suspensions at unit gravity in discontinuous gradients of buffered bovine serum albumin resulted in partial separation of the various cell types as indicated by the distribution of several biochemical markers. Olfactory marker protein and carnosine synthetase activity were found in the upper gradient fractions, while carnosinase activity was present predominantly in the lower gradient fractions. Cellular localization of olfactory neuron marker protein and non-neuronal S-100 protein by immunoperoxidase staining of gradient-fractionated cells indicated that neuronal cells were only partially separated from non-neuronal cells by our fractionation techniques. Evaluation of gradient fractionated cells by histochemical staining for carbohydrates demonstrated that secretory Bowman's gland cells were quite efficiently separated from neurons. This study demonstrates the ease with which cell suspensions may be produced from the olfactory epithelium, and emphasizes the importance of utilizing both biochemical and histochemical approaches in studies of mixed populations of cells, particularly when the purity of the cell fractions is a consideration.
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PMID:Cell suspensions from rat olfactory neuroepithelium: biochemical and histochemical characterization. 75 75

The first attempt at radioisotopic assessment of the integrity of the nose-brain barrier was performed on an anosmic patient by spraying an aliquot of a mixture of 99mTc-DTPA and hyaluronidase onto the olfactory mucosa with the patient's head positioned vertically and subsequently measuring the cerebral radioactivity. A significant rise in cerebral radioactivity was observed 5 minutes after introduction of the radioisotope. This simple technique will aid in assessing olfactory impairment from selected etiologies and also in testing the integrity of the nose-brain barrier. In view of the study of diseases such as viral encephalitis and Alzheimer's disease, the clinical implications of this method cannot be overemphasized. This principle may also facilitate developing novel pharmaceuticals for some brain diseases.
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PMID:The first attempt at radioisotopic evaluation of the integrity of the nose-brain barrier. 915 98

The vanadium is a metallic oligoelement present in the majority of tissues. Its abnormal biological disposal environment can be related with its possible teratogenicity and alteration in the contents of glycosaminoglycans acids (GAGs), which participate in the morphological processes and the maturation of Central Nervous System (CNS). The proposal of the project is to analyze the teratogenic effect of ammonium metavanadate (AMV) and its action on the GAGs in the CNS of the litter of albino rats. The ammonium metavanadate was diluted in distilled water in concentration of 100 and 200 ppm, drunk by the rats since their birth and/or weaning to adult age, except during the matching and gestation. The animals control drunk water without this metal. The litter were analyzed to detect possible congenital malformations, then CNS were removed of descendents and were processed by light microscope, cuts of 6 u were stained with H/E; Alcian Blue pH 3.5 and 5.6, this last one concentrations of C12Mg from 0.05 M to until 1.0 M. Previously parallels sections were treated with testicular hyaluronidase. The macroscopic analysis of the new born rats that came from rats that received AMV in concentrations 100 and 200 ppm, resulted in congenital anomalies like unilateral hypoplasia of olfactory bulbs and cerebral hemisphere. The microscopic analysis revealed changes in the layers patron of olfactory bulbs and an increased of alcianophilia in the pH 5.6 to 0.2 M MgC12, in the extracellular matrix of CNS of rats descendents treated with AMV to the dose 200 ppm, sensibles to the testicular hyaluronidase, corresponding to hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin 4 and/or 6 sulphate (C4S or C6S) of low grade of sulphation. These results suggest that the AMV given to albino rats has a teratogenic result when it is used before the gestation and for long periods of animals life that alter the of GAGs of CNS contents during the development.
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PMID:[Teratogenic effects of ammonium metavanadate on the CNS of the offspring of albino rats. A histological and histochemical study]. 965 Apr 61

The safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies for neurodegenerative diseases depends on the mode of cell administration. We hypothesized that intranasally administered cells could bypass the blood-brain barrier by migrating from the nasal mucosa through the cribriform plate along the olfactory neural pathway into the brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). This would minimize or eliminate the distribution of cellular grafts to peripheral organs and will help to dispense with neurosurgical cell implantation. Here we demonstrate transnasal delivery of cells to the brain following intranasal application of fluorescently labeled rat mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) or human glioma cells to naive mice and rats. After cells crossed the cribriform plate, two migration routes were identified: (1) migration into the olfactory bulb and to other parts of the brain; (2) entry into the CSF with movement along the surface of the cortex followed by entrance into the brain parenchyma. The delivery of cells was enhanced by hyaluronidase treatment applied intranasally 30 min prior to the application of cells. Intranasal delivery provides a new non-invasive method for cell delivery to the CNS.
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PMID:Intranasal delivery of cells to the brain. 1932 56