Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaluronic acid was the only glycosaminoglycan found in detectable amounts in the pulmonary secretions of patients with cystic fibrosis. The compound gave a hexuronate/hexosamines molar ratio of approximately 1. Glucosamine represented over 98% of the total hexosamines, the remainder being galactosamine. No hexoses or sulfate could be detected. It moved as a single spot with the mobility of standard hyaluronic acid on cellulose acetate electrophoresis and this spot disappeared after digestion with testicular hyaluronidase. It was associated with trace amounts of protein, the major amino acids of which are aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, and alanine.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid. An indicator of pathological conditions of human lungs? 739 Jun 11

The defatted rabbit skin was extracted with 0.5 M LaCl3, and the extract was dialyzed exhaustively against distilled water. The precipitate formed during dialysis was dissolved in 28 mM EDTA (ethylenediamine tetraacetate) (pH 7.0). Fr A was obtained from the solution by precipitation with ethanol in the presence of sodium acetate. The results of gel filtration on Sepharose 4B, electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane before and after digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase, and analytical data indicated that Fr. A was hyaluronic acid with high molecular weight. The present observation together with previous findings suggest that the binding status of proteoglycans in the skin differs significantly from that in cartilages.
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PMID:Extraction of hyaluronic acid from rabbit skin with lanthanum chloride. 746 13

Hyaluronic acid was the only glysosaminoglycan detected in the pulmonary secretions of healthy adult rats exposed to inhalation to methylene chloride, but not of control animals. The compound migrated as a single spot with the mobility of standard hyaluronic acid on cellulose acetate electrophoresis and disappeared after digestion with testicular hyaluronidase. Its identification was confirmed by finding hexuronate/hexosamine in a molar ratio of approx. 1. Glucosamine represented over 97% of the total hexosamine, the remaining 3% being galactosamine. No hexose or sulfate could be detected. Sodium dodecyl sulfate--polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed no protein associated with this glycosaminoglycan. It appears that the secretion of hyaluronic acid into the airways may be the result of pulmonary inflammation induced by the toxic effects of methylene chloride.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid--an indicator of pulmonary injury? 746 58

We measured the hydraulic conductivity (Lp) of the extracellular matrix (ECM) obtained after detaching bovine pulmonary microvascular endothelial (BPMVEC) and bovine pulmonary arterial endothelial cell (BPAEC) monolayers from the ECM at different days postseeding. From day 1 to day 5 in culture, the total Lp (i.e., of cell monolayer + ECM) decreased from basal values of 17.1 +/- 4.0 to 8.5 +/- 1.6 x 10(-6) cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 in BPAEC (P < 0.05) and 7.6 +/- 1.1 to 3.7 +/- 0.8 in BPMVEC (P < 0.05), respectively, and on day 5 the total Lp values were lower in BPMVEC than in BPAEC (P < 0.05). On the 5th day, ECM Lp was 55.0 +/- 8.3 in BPAEC and 10.7 +/- 0.9 cm.s-1.cmH2O-1 in BPMVEC (P < 0.05), indicating that the contribution of ECM to the total Lp was greater in BPMVEC than in BPAEC. Treatment of [3H]acetate-labeled ECM with Streptomyces hyaluronidase (HAse; 6 U/ml for 10 min) released sixfold greater radioactivity in BPMVEC compared with untreated BPMVEC controls; a similar treatment of BPAEC did not release detectable radioactivity indicative of a higher hyaluronan content in the BPMVEC ECM. HAse treatment reduced the differences in total Lp between BPMVEC and BPAEC at different days postseeding. Moreover, on the 5th day after seeding, the ECM Lp of BPMVEC increased to a greater extent after HAse treatment than the ECM of BPAEC. These data indicate that the hyaluronan component of the ECM is an important determinant of the endothelial liquid-exchange barrier.
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PMID:Extracellular matrix hyaluronan is a determinant of the endothelial barrier. 763 35

In this paper we describe kinetic investigations of the action of testicular hyaluronidase on hyaluronan. We have compared the use of two spectrophotometric assays, the first based on the Morgan-Elson reaction and the second on the neocuproine reaction. With the neocuproine reaction Km was found to be 0.46 mg/ml and Vmax to be 126 nmol l-1 s-1. Because of a low sensitivity and the production of interfering precipitates, the Morgan-Elson assay cannot be used for kinetic investigation of the enzyme. Furthermore this assay is prone to interference from compounds such as disodium cromoglycate, (+)-catechine, penicillamine, CaCl2 and acetate buffer.
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PMID:Kinetic investigation of the action of hyaluronidase on hyaluronan using the Morgan-Elson and neocuproine assays. 764 72

The effect of mouse interferon alpha/beta (MuIFN alpha/beta) on the production of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) by mouse glioma G-26 in vitro was evaluated. Two GAG species secreted extracellularly by the mouse glioma G-26 were isolated using cellulose acetate electrophoresis. They were identified as hyaluronic acid (HA) and chondroitin sulfate (CS) following enzymatic digestion with enzymes: hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC. Further characterization of CS by enzymatic digestion with specific chondroitinases for chondroitin 4-sulfate (CSA) and chondroitin 6-sulfate (CSC), revealed that the isolated CS was neither CSA nor CSC. Therefore, it may be either chondroitin sulfate B (CSB) (dermatan sulfate) or one of the 'chondroitin sulfate isomers' (D-H). The three day incubation of glioma G-26 cells with 8 x 10-8 x 10(4) U/ml of MuIFN alpha/beta resulted in a dose dependent inhibition of cell proliferation measured by 3H-thymidine incorporation and the MTT assay. The significant decrease of the CS (p < 0.008) but not the HA level, (measured densitometrically), was observed following 72 hours (hrs) incubation of G-26 cells with 8 x 10(3) U/ml of MuIFN alpha/beta (IFN treated cells: 0.03 +/- 0.007 integrated optical density (IOD); control cells: 0.07 +/- 0.01 IOD). The decreased CS production may be the underlying cause of IFN mediated inhibition of glioma cell proliferation.
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PMID:Interferon effect on glycosaminoglycans in mouse glioma in vitro. 805 39

Acidic glycoconjugates (glycosaminoglycans, sulfated glycopeptide, and sialoglycopeptide) were isolated by precipitation with cetylpyridinium chloride from human pancreatic juice after digestion with pronase. The acidic glycoconjugates were found exclusively in the proteinaceous precipitate that occurred during dialysis against a buffer of low ionic strength. The concentration of the acidic glycoconjugates in normal pancreatic juice was about 2.4 mg/L. The acidic glycoconjugates were characterized by electrophoresis on cellulose acetate membrane and chemical analysis before and after digestion with Streptomyces hyaluronidase, chondroitinase AC, chondroitinase ABC, and heparitinase. It was found that the major acidic glycoconjugates were heparan sulfate (39.3%), sulfated glycopeptide (34.4%), chondroitin sulfate (14.2%), and the minor ones hyaluronic acid (6.4%) and sialoglycopeptide (5.7%).
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PMID:Enzymic determination of acidic glycoconjugates in human pancreatic juice. 811 24

The molecular weight distribution of pMP-derived glycosaminoglycans (GAG), i.e. non-sulfated GAG, chondroitin sulfate (CS), and heparin sulfate (HS)-like material was determined. The peritoneal macrophages (pMP) were harvested from rats normal or stimulated by i.p. injection of thioglycolate, carrageenan or BCG, and maintained in culture. The GAG of cell layer and medium were isolated separately after labeling with 35S-sulfate and 3H-acetate. Treatment with nitrous acid served to remove HS-like material. Labeling with 3H-acetate served to detect synthesis of the high m. w. hyaluronic acid (HA). Gel chromatic separation was done using Sephadex G-200 columns. The maximal size of 35S-labeled GAG, especially HS (36 kDa), was reduced in cultural medium and cell layer after stimulation in vivo. Reduction was most pronounced after application of carrageenan followed by thioglycolate and BCG/LPS stimulation. The extracellular GAG of BCG-stimulated pMP were smallest, probably due to degradation. Heparan sulfate-like material made up a larger proportion in monolayer and medium, comprising the total m.w. range up to 36 kDa. The GAG sensitive to nitrous acid were maximal in cultures of carrageenan-stimulated pMP and minimal in those of thioglycolate-stimulated pMP. This type of HS was sensitive to hyaluronidase, too. Any synthesis of high molecular hyaluronic acid was not found in normal or stimulated rat pMP. Therefore MP-associated HA must be adsorbed from other sources or synthesized by early forms of macrophages.
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PMID:The glycosaminoglycans in cultures of stimulated rat peritoneal macrophages. 2. Gel chromatographic studies and the behaviour of heparan sulfate. 832 74

Fibrotic disorders of skin and other organs are typically associated with an abnormal accumulation of extracellular matrix. This study focuses on a matrix constituent, hyaluronan-which is known to be altered in fibrotic disorders of skin- and on CD44, a cell adhesion molecule and putative receptor for hyaluronan. Tissue samples were obtained from biopsies of human normal skin, normal cutaneous scar; and hypertrophic cutaneous scar. After culturing, cells were studied by single- and double-labeling immunohistochemistry using the two anti-CD44 monoclonal antibodies, BU-52 and J173, and a biotinylated hyaluronan binding complex probe, b-HABR. Certain cultures were pretreated with Streptomyces hyaluronidase to assess the dependency of CD44 expression on the presence of endogenous hyaluronan. CD44 expression, both in the presence and the absence of exogenous hyaluronan, was quantitated by radioimmunobinding assay. Overall glycosaminoglycan synthesis and identification of hyaluronan were accomplished by precursor incorporation assays and by quantitative cellulose acetate electrophoresis. CD44 was found to be a normal human adult fibroblastic antigen whose expression is markedly increased for hypertrophic scar fibroblasts compared with normal skin fibroblasts. Although hyaluronan was found to be the predominant glycosaminoglycan constituent of the pericellular matrix for these fibroblasts, CD44 attachment to the cell surface is neither mediated by hyaluronan nor is the presence of hyaluronan a prerequisite for CD44 expression. Exogenous hyaluronan induced a decline in measurable CD44 expression for normal skin fibroblasts but not for hypertrophic scar fibroblasts. These observations are compatible with current understanding of the way cells manage the hyaluronan economy of the extracellular matrix and emphasize phenotypic heterogeneities between fibroblasts derived from normal versus scar tissues.
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PMID:CD44 and hyaluronan expression in human cutaneous scar fibroblasts. 847 90

Cytochemical and immunocytochemical approaches have been applied to the study of the surface of articular cartilage in humans, bovine and rats. Specimens were fixed in situ or soon after bioptic sampling with chemicals able to preserve and visualize proteins (glutaraldehyde, tannic acid), lipids (osmium tetroxide, malachite green, uranyl acetate) and proteoglycans (toluidine blue O, cuprolinic blue, cetyl pyridinium chloride). Mixtures of reagents were also used. Oriented serial thin sections were observed as such or after treatment with chemicals (chloroform-methanol, Triton X 100) or enzymes (chondroitinases, hyaluronidases, trypsin). Hyaluronan was detected by the use of glial-hyaluronate-binding-protein and antibodies against it. High concentration of osmium tetroxide or fixatives containing markers for lipid or for proteoglycans revealed that the surface of the articular cartilage, in all animal species examined, was covered by mono-multilayered discontinuous three-laminar sheets, which could be partly removed by chloroform-methanol and Triton X 100, were sensitive to hyaluronidase, chondroitinase and trypsin, and were immunopositive for hyaluronan. Each three-laminar sheet was 12-14 nm thick, was always separated from the cartilage itself and could be easily displaced. It is proposed that the surface of normal articular cartilage is covered by a discontinuous mono/multilayered pseudo-membrane, that can be better preserved by fixatives injected into the joint cavity and seems to consist of phospholipids, glycosaminoglycans and proteins. This membrane-like structure might have a protecting role in preventing direct contacts between the articular cartilage and toxic agents present in the synovial fluid and/or exert a lubricating effect within the articular joint.
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PMID:Ultrastructural identification of a membrane-like structure on the surface of normal articular cartilage. 876 81


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