Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Extensor digitorum longus muscles of rats were removed and injected with a solution of Marcaine plus hyaluronidase. After incubation in Marcaine solution for 10 min, the muscles were grafted into their original beds. The grafts and the contralateral control muscles were removed from the rats at 0, 1-5, 7, 11, 36, and 69 days postoperatively. The muscles were then frozen in dry ice and isopentane and subsequently homogenized and centrifuged. The supernatant was analyzed for a number of enzymes, the regenerative patterns of which can be classified into 3 groups: (1) early increase in activity: hexokinase, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase; (2) early decrease in activity with failure to recover to control levels: phosphorylase, phosphofructokinase, alpha-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase; and (3) early decrease followed by return to control levels: lactate dehydrogenase, pyruvate kinase, creatine phosphokinase, adenylate kinase. These patterns are not identical to those reported for embryogenesis of muscle. The data are discussed with regard to correlative histological studies of muscle regeneration.
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PMID:Developmental patterns of glycolytic enzymes in regenerating skeletal muscle after autogenous free grafting. 14 74

Exposure to drinking water containing as much as 500 ppm aluminum chloride for periods of 30, 60, and 90 days had no apparent effect on male reproductive processes. In an attempt to correlate enzyme activity with particular spermatogenic cell types, postnatal development of testicular enzymes was studied. Eight enzymes were selected: hyaluronidase (H), lactate dehydrogenase isoenzyme-X (LDH-X), dehydrogenases of sorbitol (SDH), alpha-glycerophosphate (GPDH), glucose-6-phosphate (G6PDH), malate (MDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (G3PDH), and isocitrate (ICDH). Enzyme specific activities in testicular homogenates were determined. Two types of enzyme developmental patterns were observed. One was represented by H, LDH-X, SDH, and GPDH; and the other by G6PDH, MDH, G3PDH, and ICDH. The former was characterized by a change in enzyme activities from low in newborn to high in adult while in the latter this pattern was reversed. The two complementary enzyme systems crossed each other at puberty. Prior to puberty, only spermatogonial cells are present; sperm differentiation initiated at puberty adds spermatocytes and spermatids to the testicular cell population. Male rats were exposed to borax in their diet for periods of 30 and 60 days. Concentrations of boron were 0, 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm. At the end of each experimental period, the specific activities of the selected enzymes were determined in the testis and prostate. Correlations of enzyme activity with testicular histology and androgen activities of the male accessory organs were sought. In addition, plasma FSH, LH, and testosterone levels were measured to assess pituitary-testicular interaction. Plasma and testicular boron concentrations were determined and a minimum boron concentration which induced germinal aplasia and male infertility was estimated. In both 30 and 60 day feeding studies, male rats receiving 500 ppm failed to demonstrate any significant adverse effects. In contrast, male rats receiving 100 and 2000 ppm boron displayed a significant loss of germinal elements, although most of the Leydig and Sertoli cells appeared normal. Testicular atrophy was associated with a decrease in seminiferous tubular diameter and a marked reduction of spermatocytes and spermatogenic cells. These morphologic alterations were associated with a concomitant reduction of H, SDH, and LDH-X specific activities. In contrast, the specific activities of G3PDH and MDH were significantly elevated above control. The increase in these enzyme activities can be attributed to the relative enrichment of spermatogonial cells during the loss of spermatocytes and spermiogenic cells. Boron-induced male germinal aplasia was also associated with significantly elevated plasma FSH while plasma LH and testosterone levels were not significantly altered. Plasma testosterone levels were unaltered. Male fertility studies demonstrated that at the 500 ppm boron level, fertility was unaffected. However, at 1000 and 2000 ppm boron, male fertility was significantly reduced. Most effects were reversible within 5 weeks. However, the male group receiving 2000 ppm boron for 60 days remained sterile. There was no dose-related decrease in litter size or fetal death in utero. Therefore, the boron-induced infertility was apparently not due to a dominant lethal effect but rather to germinal aplasia. Boron appears toxic to spermatogenic cells at testicular concentrations of 6-8 ppm.
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PMID:Assessment of environmental factors affecting male fertility. 44 58

The activities of different testicular enzymes, as a marker of development, have been determined at various gestational ages. The enzyme sorbitol dehydrogenase shows peak activity between 25 and 28 weeks of gestation, whereas the peak of hyaluronidase was observed between 14 and 16 weeks of gestation. The activities of pentose phosphate enzymes, such as glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and transketolase in developing human fetus reach the highest level between 25 and 28 weeks and 21 and 24 weeks of gestation, respectively, indicating the most actively synthesizing period of the fetus for providing NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate for steroidogenesis and nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis.
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PMID:Testicular enzymes as a marker of development in human fetus. 288 85

The myotoxic effect of the subcutaneous administration of N,N1-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine (DPPD) in rats was enhanced by the simultaneous administration of hyaluronidase. The resulting myopathy was associated with an early and dramatic increase in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase. Administration of actinomycin D or cycloheximide prior to the combined DPPD and hyaluronidase treatment prevented the increase in activity of both pentose phosphate pathway enzymes, indicating that the increase in activity requires RNA synthesis and protein synthesis. The possibility that the increase in activity of both NADPH-regenerating enzymes results from the modification by effectors of existing less active forms of these enzymes leading to more highly active forms was refuted.
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PMID:The inhibitory effect of actinomycin D and cycloheximide on the increase in activity of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase in experimentally induced diseased skeletal muscles. 648 Apr

Changes in colonic faecal microflora, enzymes of colonic energy metabolism, of cell proliferation and lipid profile in the serum and colon were studied in 48 mice exposed to cycas and fed a Nigeria-type diet. The animals were divided into three diet classes of 16 mice per class, and each class of animals was fed ad libitum either a normal diet, a high-carbohydrate high-fibre (HCF) diet or a high-protein high-fat (HPF) diet. Each diet class was subdivided into two equal groups of 8 animals each. One group was fed a diet type (acted as the diet control) without cycas, and the other group was fed the corresponding diet with cycas. The study period lasted for 3 weeks. The colonic faecal materials were acidified in the HCF-fed mice compared with the other diet-fed mice. Faecal beta-glucuronidase activity was significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the cycas-fed mice compared with the diet controls. Feeding mice with the HPF diet significantly (p < 0.05) increased beta-glucuronidase and mucinase activities. Colonic phosphofructokinase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and hyaluronidase activities were also significantly (p < 0.05) elevated in the cycas-treated mice. Feeding mice with the HPF diet also significantly (p < 0.05) increased these enzyme activities. Mice fed with the HCF diet significantly (p < 0.05) lowered serum total cholesterol, triglyceride and colonic total lipid. Colonic phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine were significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the HPF-fed mice. This study shows that the HCF diet alters the colonic faecal environment, colonic energy metabolism and hyaluronidase activity in ways which suggest its protective ability against the development of colon cancer in mice.
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PMID:Early biochemical events in mice exposed to cycas and fed a Nigerian-like diet. 787 55

Early alterations in cellular energy metabolism, reductive biosynthesis and enzymes related to cell proliferation were studied in 40 Wistar albino rats exposed to an acute level of deoxycholate (DOC), and fed different diets. The animals were divided into four equal groups and fed ad libitum either a normal diet (ND), a high-carbohydrate high-fibre (HCF) diet, or a high-protein high-fat (HPF) diet. Three times weekly intrarectal injection of 40 mg/0.2 ml DOC was given to three groups of the rats for 9 weeks. The specific activities of phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase were all significantly (p < 0.05) increased in the DOC-treated animals compared with the physiological saline-treated control. Reductive biosynthetic enzyme activities (malic enzyme, isocitrate dehydrogenase-NADP(+)-dependent, and ATP-citrate lyase) were reduced in the DOC-treated animals compared with the control. Feeding rats with the HCF diet significantly (p < 0.05) lowered the specific activities of the enzymes of glycolysis, of the pentose phosphate pathway (oxidative) and hyaluronidase and proteinase compared with those of the HPF-fed rats. These results show an altered enzymic profile in rats fed an HCF and an HPF diet compared with rats fed the ND and suggests a protective role of the HCF diet against the development of colon cancer.
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PMID:Early changes in energy metabolism in rats exposed to an acute level of deoxycholate and fed a Nigerian-like diet. 797 71