Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The purification procedure of a hyaluronidase from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom is described. It involves basically an ion-exchange chromatography on CM-cellulose at pH 7.8 followed by a rechromatography of the active fraction on the same column at pH 4.7. The optima pH and temperature for maximum activity of the isolated enzyme was 6.0 and 40 degrees C, respectively. Its K(M) was 69.7 microg/ml at 37 degrees C and its specific activity was 19,900+/-1,730 turbidity reducing units (TRU)/mg against 845+/-88TRU/mg for the whole desiccated venom, representing a 23- to 24-fold purification range. The hyaluronidase activity of the purified protein (51kDa) was inhibited by some flavonoid compounds. This article also showed that T. serrulatus hyaluronidase affected on the activity of the venom's major toxin, tityustoxin-I (TsTX-I or Ts1), as reflected by alterations in the serum levels of creatine kinase (CK), lactate dehydrogenase (LD) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) following injection of TsTX-I, in the presence or absence of hyaluronidase.
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PMID:A hyaluronidase from Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom: isolation, characterization and inhibition by flavonoids. 1147 57

This review describes the research done so far on sperm enzyme inhibitors to establish their potential as contraceptives. The mode of action of hyaluronidase inhibitors is discussed, a chronological summary of studies showing the in vivo and antifertility activity of synthetic hyaluronidase is provided, present research needs are indicated, and marketed compounds able to inhibit hyaluronidase are identified. The mode of action of acrosin inhibitors, advantages and shortcomings of different acrosin-inhibiting agents and certain ions, and potential utility of acrosin inhibitors in enhancing the contraceptive potency and reducing the side effects of the IUD, and the systemic application of acrosin inhibitors to induce infertility are discussed. Possible use of gossypol as a spermicide, the effect of gossypol on the fertilizing capacity of human spermatozoa, and its possible use as a vaginal contraceptive are assessed. Theoretical and practical implications of using a form of the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase found only in the male genital tract as an antigen for contraceptive purposes are discussed. Other enzymes whose inhibitors would also lead to infertility, giving promise of contraceptive applications, are identified. The author concludes that inhibitors of sperm enzymes, whether chemical agents or antibodies, could be potent contraceptives whose use is attractive because enzymes are often sperm specific. A sperm directed contraceptive method would probably be more feasible in the female, because the concentration of the inhibitors needed to induce contraception is less and the inhibitors can be applied locally in the female. Research to date has focused on only a small number of the possible enzymes that could be inhibited to prevent fertility, primarily because too little is known about the biochemical properties of the sperm enzymes and their role in fertility.
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PMID:Sperm enzyme inhibitors for vaginal and other contraception. 1217 23

Quantitative determination of newly reported enzymes activity in the crude skin toxin (CST) of catfish revealed highest activities of hyaluronidase and lipase, lesser activities of phospholipase A2, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), cholinesterase (CE), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate transaminase (AST), and least activities of proteinase and 5-nucleotidase (5'-NT). The CST has a hemolytic activity of 54% and no ichthyotoxicity up to 500 ug/ml. The chosen dose of CST (LD12.5) showed a potential cytotoxic activity against solid Ehrlich carcinoma-bearing mice demonstrated by an increase in the mean survival time (238.8%) and tumor growth inhibition ratio (T/C) of 73%. The CST ameliorated the relative weights of heart and liver after three weeks, while modulating the elevation in the relative spleen weight throughout the treatment periods (three, six, and nine weeks). The levels of serum triglyceride, total cholesterol, and liver total lipids were normalized after three weeks, whereas the serum albumin and hepatic glycogen concentrations, as well as ALT, AST, 5'-NT, and G-6-Pase activities were ameliorated after 6 weeks. Serum levels of glucose, LDH, and creatine kinase (CK) activities were significantly modulated throughout the treatment periods. Histological examinations of the tumor and liver tissues of treated tumor-bearing animals were carried out. Tumor tissues showed many cytolytic and cytopathic changes after treatment, while liver tissues showed moderate dysplastic changes after six weeks of treatment, which became more marked after nine weeks.
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PMID:Biological activities of the crude skin toxin of the Suez Gulf oriental catfish (Plotosus lineatus) and its antitumor effect in vivo (mice). 1250 71

The contribution of mucous/glycocalyx layers, as a diffusional or enzymatic barrier, to the absorption of insulin was investigated in situ and in vitro studies using rats. To remove the mucous/glycocalyx layers, ileal segments were exposed to a hyaluronidase solution in situ. The removal of the layers was confirmed by transmission electron microscopy, and the safety of the hyaluronidase pretreatment was established based on light microscopy, a constant mucosal membrane electrical resistance and the absence of lactate dehydrogenase leakage. In the in situ loop absorption experiment, hyaluronidase pretreatment significantly increased the plasma insulin level accompanied by an obvious hypoglycemic response. In the in vitro transport experiment, the apparent permeability coefficient of insulin was significantly increased by the hyaluronidase pretreatment, whereas that of 4.4 kDa fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled dextran and of antipyrine, respective markers for passive para- and transcellular permeation, was unaffected. In the insulin degradation experiment in vitro, a significant amount of insulin was degraded in the compartment removed by hyaluronidase pretreatment. Thus, the mucous/glycocalyx layers functioned in insulin absorption as an enzymatic barrier and insignificantly affected diffusive absorption. In addition, co-administration of aprotinin, a protease inhibitor, further increased insulin absorption from ileum pretreated with hyaluronidase, implying the existence of another enzymatic barrier that influences insulin mucosal absorption.
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PMID:Role of the mucous/glycocalyx layers in insulin permeation across the rat ileal membrane. 1590 98

Semen samples from 12 bucks Were extended with 10 different extenders containing glycerol, DMSO, glycerol + DMSO, and glycerol + lactose in varying concentrations as cryoprotective agents. The activities of acrosin, hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphatase (AKP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) were assayed in equilibrated (Prefreeze) and frozen thawed (Postfreeze) semen samples. Significantly (P < 0.01) higher intracellular activity of acrosin was recorded in semen samples extended with lactose than with the other extenders, with the maximum being with Tris yolk glycerol lactose (TYGL(180)). Effects of extenders on acrosin activity were significant (P < 0.01) at both of the pre-and postfreeze stages. However, extracellular activities of hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphatase, transaminases (AST and ALT), and lactic dehydrogenase were significantly higher in extenders containing DMSO than lactose. Leakage of these enzymes was found to increase from the prefreeze to the post freeze stage.
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PMID:Effect of cryoprotectants on release of various enzymes from buck spermatozoa during freezing. 1672 4

Several plant extracts rich in pharmacologically active compounds have shown to antagonize venom of several species. Mangifera indica has been used against snakebite by the traditional healers. However, there is paucity of scientific data in support. In this study, we evaluated the antivenom potential of aqueous extract of stem bark of M. indica against D. russellii venom-induced pharmacological effects such as life myotoxicity, edema, LD50 etc. The extract inhibited the phospholipase, protease, hyaluronidase, 5'nucleotidase, ATPase and alkaline phosphomonoesterase activities with varying IC50 values. It significantly inhibited both metalloproteases and serine proteases activities. Further, the extract significantly reduced the myotoxicity of the venom, as evident by the reduction of serum creatin kinase and lactate dehydrogenase activities. Though the extract completely inhibited in vitro PLA2 activity, it was unable to completely inhibit in situ hemolytic and in vivo edema-inducing activities, usually brought about by PLA2s. In lethality studies, co-injection of the venom preincubated with the extract showed higher protection than the independent injection of venom, followed by the extract in the mice. However, in both the cases the extract -a cocktail of inhibitors significantly increased the survival time, when compared to that of mice injected (i.p) with the venom alone. These results encourage further studies on the potential use of cocktail of inhibitors in improving the treatment of snake envenomation. Further, this study substantiates the use of M. indica as an antidote against snakebite by the traditional healers.
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PMID:Anti-venom potential of aqueous extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica L. against Daboia russellii (Russell's viper) venom. 2179 9

Sperm proteins are known to be associated with normal fertilization as auto- or iso-antibodies to these proteins may cause infertility. Therefore, sperm proteins have been considered to be the potential candidate for the development of antifertility vaccine. Some of the sperm proteins proved to be promising antigens for contraceptive vaccine includes lactate dehydrogenase (LDH-C4), protein hyaluronidase (PH-20), and Eppin. Immunization with LDH-C4 reduced fertility in female baboons but not in female cynomolgus macaques. Active immunization with PH-20 resulted in 100 per cent inhibition of fertility in male guinea pigs but it induced autoimmune orchitis. Immunization with Eppin elicited high antibody titres in 78 per cent of immunized monkeys and induced infertility but the immunopathological effect of immunization was not examined. Human sperm antigen (80 kDa HSA) is a sperm specific, highly immunogenic and conserved sperm protein. Active immunization with 80 kDa HSA induced immunological infertility in male and female rats. Partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of 80 kDa HSA (Peptide NT) and its peptides (Peptides 1, 2, 3 and 4) obtained by enzymatic digestion did not show homology with any of the known proteins in gene bank. Peptides NT, 1, 2 and 4 were found to mimic immunobiological activity of native protein. Passive administration of antibodies to peptides NT, 1, 2 and 4 induced infertility in male and female rats and peptide 1 was found to be most effective in suppressing fertility. Active immunization with keyhole limpet haemocynin (KLH) conjugated synthetic peptide 1 impaired fertility in all the male rabbits and six of the seven male marmosets. The fertility was restored following decline in antibody titre. All these findings on 80 kDA HAS suggest that the synthetic Peptide-1 of 80 kDa HSA is the promising candidate for development of male contraceptive vaccine.
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PMID:Development of antifertility vaccine using sperm specific proteins. 2567 47


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