Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The kinetics of AChE solubilization from intact motor endplates of mouse diaphragm, by collagenase, papain and hyaluronidase, was studied in parallel with the ultrastructural localization of AChE in treated neuromuscular junctions. Hyaluronidase did not solubilize more AChE from isolated motor endplate regions than Ringer's solution itself. Residual AChE activity could be demonstrated histochemically in motor endplates even after the plateau of solubilization by collagenase or papain was reached. Less than 35% of junctional AChE is left after collagenase, and less than 20% after papain treatment, as estimated by the percentage of AChE activity left in the isolated endplate region of the diaphragm after protease treatment. Cytochemically, both proteases had a similar effect on postsynaptic AChE. Residual AChE activity was distributed randomly, adhering to the sarcolemma of junctional clefts. Presynaptic AChE localized in the gap between axon terminal and Schwann cell appears to be resistant to collagenase but not to papain treatment. The mode of AChE attachment or the composition of the intercellular material in this gap may differ from that of the primary and secondary clefts.
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PMID:Attachment of acetylcholinesterase to structures of the motor endplate. 22 95

Studies have been made on the effect of trypsin, chymotrypsin, pronase, lipases, hyaluronidase and digitonin on electrophysiological properties of the neurons of the snail H. pomatia under external application. Proteases and lipases gradually depolarize the neuronal membrane, decrease the amplitude and prevent the onset of action potentials, initially increase and then decrease the membrane resistance. The decrease in the membrane resistance coincides with the period of maximum inhibition of resting and action potentials in the neurons. The enzymes studied do not affect the membrane capacitance. Changes in electrophysiological characteristics induced by the enzymes are partially reversible provided the preparation is soaked in Ringer's solution for a sufficient time. Digitonin rapidly and irreversibly depolarizes the membrane, decreases its resistance and blocks action potentials. Hyaluronidase does not significantly affect neuronal electrophysiological properties when applied solely, but facilitates the development of changes during subsequent effect of proteases.
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PMID:[Effect of hydrolases and digitonin on the electrophysiological characteristics of the neurons of the snail, Helix pomatia]. 67 79

Injection with one's own fat tissue remains controversial due to a lack of objective data pertaining to postoperative volume control. Facial defects in a total of 53 patients were repaired using autogenous fat tissue. The fatty tissue was obtained from the lower abdomen, buttocks, or inner portion of the upper thigh and then suspended before injection in a solution of 250 ml Ringer's solution, 50 ml distilled water, and 0.7 ml hyaluronidase. The fatty tissue was collected by a filter integrated within the suction system and subsequently prepared, as follows: (1) Cell detritus, blood constituents, and local anesthetic were flushed away by using a physiological Ringer's solution. (2) The defects were filled by using a finely calibrated, locked injection, whereby the desired amount of fatty tissue could be accurately instilled. (3) Injection was carefully performed directly under the cutis through a large lumen cannula and under close observation to avoid the injection of any fatty tissue intracutaneously. Before the procedure, the augmented areas had been evaluated by using magnetic resonance imaging (in T1-weighted images). Postoperatively, the sites were once again documented for volume at control intervals of 6 days, and 3, 6, 9, and 12 months. The volumes were computer-calculated integrally from the sum of the area of all the layers according to the following formula:v = (d + g).E(ai). Despite the use of hyaluronidase as well as an atraumatic liposuction technique, microscopic examination revealed 40% of the aspirated cells to have defective cell membranes. Without hyaluronidase, this figure rose to 50%. One-year follow-up in 10 patients showed that through the break-down of these damaged cells, a particularly high volume loss of 49% was documentable at 3 months after the procedure. Further follow-up at 6 months showed that average volume decline had risen to a total of 55%, whereas, at 9 months as well as 12 months, no further loss could be detected. Autogenous fat transplantation after liposuction is a procedure only suitable for the repair of small, soft-tissue defects, especially of the face. The individual deposits should not be any larger than 1 ml, whereby intact fat cells are guaranteed sufficient diffusion up to the point of neovascularization. It is essential that the fatty tissue injection be exactly administered subcutaneously. Together with basic clinical observation, magnetic resonance imaging provides an objective evaluation of volume loss with an average error of only 5%.
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PMID:Technique for liposuction fat reimplantation and long-term volume evaluation by magnetic resonance imaging. 202 35

Isolated acini from lactating mouse mammary glands were prepared by collagenase and hyaluronidase digestion of tissue. Mammary tissue or acini incubated in vitro in tissue culture medium or a similar Ringer's solution lost K and gained Na. Intracellular concentrations approached, but did not equal, the concentrations in the external solution. This ion shift was largely prevented by incubating in a solution with ionic composition resembling mouse milk. In paired experiments, incubation with ouabain (1 mM) caused further increases in Na and decrease in K, suggesting that a functional Na+-K+-ATPase was present. Viability of acini was indicated by normal ATP content and morphology. The ion shift in NaCl-based solutions was slower at 0 degrees C than at 37 degrees C, suggesting that the flux is a membrane-regulated process. Under identical procedures, ion shifts did not occur in thymocytes or a cultured mammary cell line but were seen in both lactating and nonlactating mammary tissue. Nonlactating mammary tissue had a high Na and low K concentration in vivo. As predicted by previous models for the mechanisms of milk secretion, intracellular electrolyte content in mammary epithelial cells appears to be responsive to the ion concentration in the extracellular environment.
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PMID:Sodium and potassium content and viability of mouse mammary gland tissue and acini. 337 13

Bullfrog vestibular end organs were incubated in frog Ringer's solution, hyaluronidase and elastase. When assessed by scanning electron microscopy, long-time incubation in frog Ringer's solution caused damage to side links. Elastase caused severe damage to tip links with a slight alteration to side links. The glycocalyx of the hair cells decreased after incubation in elastase or hyaluronidase. Electrophysiological measurements showed a remarkable decrease in compound action potentials after the elastase treatment, while no change was observed after the long-time incubation in frog Ringer's solution or hyaluronidase. The results are in agreement with the hypothesis that tip links are involved in mechanotransduction, and side links keep the cilia arranged in a bundle.
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PMID:Influence of elastase and hyaluronidase on the ciliary interconnecting systems in frog vestibular sensory cells. 844 91

Albumin diffusion measured in an isolated segment of rabbit lung interstitium with a radioactive tracer ((125)I-albumin) technique was independent of albumin concentration and similar to the free diffusion of albumin in water (Qiu et al, 1998. J Appl Physiol 85: 575-583). We studied the effect of hyaluronidase on the diffusion of albumin. Isolated rabbit lungs were inflated with silicon rubber by way of airways and blood vessels, and two chambers were bonded to the sides of a approximately 0.5-cm thick slab enclosing a vessel with an interstitial cuff. One chamber was filled with 2 g/dl albumin solution containing (125)I-albumin and 0.02 g/dl hyaluronidase. Unbound (125)I was removed from the tracer by dialysis before use. The other chamber filled with Ringer's solution was placed within a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. Diffusion of tracer was measured continuously for 120 h. Albumin diffusion coefficient (D) and interstitial area (A) were obtained by fitting the tracer-time curve with the theoretical solution of the equation describing one-dimension diffusion of a solute across a membrane. D averaged 5.2 x 10(-7) cm(2)/s for albumin diffusion with hyaluronidase, 20% less than that measured previously without hyaluronidase. Hyaluronidase had no effect on A. Results indicated an interaction between albumin and interstitial hyaluronan that was the opposite of the steric effect on albumin excluded volume measured in solution.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronidase on albumin diffusion in lung interstitium. 1046 20