Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaluronidase has been purified from the venom of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. The purification proved remarkably difficult, requiring a large number of chromatographic steps culminating in the removal of traces of phospholipase A2 with an affinity purified rabbit anti-phospholipase A2 immunosorbent column. The purified enzyme showed a 1143-fold increase in specific activity and was homogeneous. Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels (12%) containing sodium dodecyl sulphate (pH 8.9) or urea (pH 2.8) and electrofocusing in polyacrylamide (5%) gave a single band. The final product contained less than 0.1% phospholipase A2 and less than 1.5% acid phosphatase and gave a single line of precipitation against rabbit anti-hyaluronidase but was not precipitated by rabbit anti-phospholipase A2. Previous reports of instability were not confirmed, and we found the enzyme to be highly stable over a wide range of temperature and pH, and to denaturing agents. Purified hyaluronidase was found to be 'sticky' when highly pure and at low concentration, and adhered strongly to Sephadex G-75. The relative molecular mass was estimated at 35 000-37 000 by gel filtration, and at 41 000 by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. A value of 50 000 was obtained by ultracentrifugation assuming a partial specific volume of 0.73 cm3/g. Hyaluronidase was found to be a minor allergen in bee venom allergic patients.
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PMID:The purification and characterisation of hyaluronidase from the venom of the honey bee, Apis mellifera. 669 11

Seventy-four cultures of Pasteurella multocida representing all four capsular types, A, B, D, and C, from various animal species and diseases were examined for the production of hyaluronidase by two procedures. In one, hyaluronidase production was determined by the depolymerization of streptococcal capsular hyaluronic acid, and in the other, production was determined by degradation of sodium hyaluronidate in a solid culture medium. Hyaluronidase production was only demonstrated in the 13 type B cultures that had been recovered from cases of hemorrhagic septicemia.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase production by type B Pasteurella multocida from cases of hemorrhagic septicemia. 676 66

Hyaluronidase from rhesus monkey testes was purified by detergent extraction, ammonium sulphate fractionation, Sephadex G-200 column chromatography and concanavalin A-Sepharose affinity chromatography. The purified hyaluronidase showed one protein band on acrylamide gel electrophoresis. Antibodies to the purified hyaluronidase were raised in rabbits and showed a single precipitin line by Ouchterlony gel diffusion. The enzyme had a molecular weight of 62,000. The Km was 0.5 mg/ml for hydrolysis of hyaluronic acid at 37 degrees C. The optimum pH for the enzyme was 5.0 but activity was present over a broad pH range. The hyaluronidase was inhibited by HgCl2, CuSO4, FeSO4 and p-chloromercuribenzoate all at a concentration of 2 x 10(-4) M. Cysteine protected the enzyme against HgCl2 inhibition.
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PMID:Immunoenzymic studies on testicular hyaluronidase from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta). 680 65

Cell isolates containing multinucleate osteoclasts were obtained from longitudinally split fetal rat long bones by treatment with testicular hyaluronidase. The total yield of osteoclasts and the osteoclast enrichment of the isolate were increased if the intact bones were first cultured for 72 h. Even greater enhancement was obtained if the bones were treated with 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol [1,25(OH)2D3] during the culture period. This technique resulted in a cell population containing approximately 15% osteoclasts in yields greater than 50 osteoclasts per long bone. The yield of osteoclasts and the percentage of osteoclasts correlated well with the extent of bone resorption induced by 1,25(OH)2D3. The effectiveness of several isolation procedures was compared using the 1,25(OH)2D3-treated long bones. Conventional digestion with 1 mg/ml crude collagenase gave a much poorer yield of osteoclasts than simply agitating the split long bones. Hyaluronidase plus EDTA was not significantly different from EDTA alone. Even with milder procedures, however, the isolated osteoclasts were damaged as judged by their failure to exclude trypan blue. The osteoclasts are obviously very fragile cells. The isolation technique coupled with May-Grunwald-Giemsa staining permitted reliable determination of the median number of nuclei per osteoclast. This parameter was the same in uncultured bones or in bones cultured for 72 h in control media. Treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 increased the nuclear number. At lower levels of bone resorption, nuclear number did not increase, but it was significantly greater in more highly resorbed bones.
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PMID:Isolation of osteoclasts from fetal rat long bones. 681 98

Hyaluronidase, also called the spreading factor, may be an important pathogenic factor for the streptococci. Production of hyaluronidase is found in 75% of human clinical isolates of group B streptococci, and we have in our investigation found the same frequency (74%) in 195 bovine isolates. Of the same 195 isolates 17% turned out to be lactose negative, a characteristic usually regarded as being typical of group B streptococci of human origin. These same strains were also mostly hyaluronidase positive. The parameters investigated: hyaluronidase production, lactose and salicin fermentation and phage-typability, can be useful in tracing the origin of the group B. However, bovine and human streptococcal populations do not seem to be completely distinguishable because overlapping exists between the characteristics.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase production, lactose and salicin fermentation and phage-typability in bovine group B Streptococci. 703 59

Patients with their first myocardial infarction not initially complicated by severe atrioventricular block or power failure were given a skin test and then randomized to receive either hyaluronidase or placebo in double-blind fashion. Hyaluronidase, 500 IU/kg i.v., was given every 6 hours for 42 hours. Of the 48 eligible patients, 26 received hyaluronidase and 22 received placebo. The mean CK serum entry was 3140 +/- 2111 mIU/ml (mean +/- SD) in hyaluronidase patients and 3574 +/- 1476 mIU/ml in placebo patients (p less than 0.21). The mean infarct size was 54.6 +/- 35.8 CK gram-equivalents in the hyaluronidase patients and 64.0 +/- 31.1 CK gram-equivalents in the placebo patients (p less than 0.20). Among the 21 patients treated within 6 hours of the onset of infarction, the difference in infarct size was greater (p less than 0.15). There was no significant difference in the incidence of power failure, ventricular arrhythmias, recurrence of ischemic pain, infarct extension or mortality. No benefit of hyaluronidase was demonstrated in this study, which was designed to detect a 50% reduction of infarct size. However, to detect a 20% reduction in infarct size would require a much larger study population.
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PMID:Intravenous hyaluronidase therapy for myocardial infarction in man: double-blind trial to assess infarct size limitation. 706 Feb 55

A biochemical analysis of 66 samples of subretinal fluid from patients with primary rhegmatogenous retinal detachment showed that 46 contained hyaluronic acid. Seventeen samples that did not contain hyaluronic acid disclosed hyaluronidase activity. Hyaluronidase activity in the subretinal fluid increased with the duration of the detachment but there was no correlation between enzyme activity and the age of the patient or the extent of the retinal detachment.
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PMID:Lysosomal hyaluronidase in the subretinal fluid of patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachments. 709 Dec 83

The influence of hyaluronidase (H) on subacute experimental myocardial ischemia was studied in isolated perfused rabbit hearts. Changes in ischemic area were assessed by epicardial nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) fluorescence photography, an intrinsic high-resolution display of myocardial ischemia. Computerized determination of ischemic area was made from standardized photographs. Hyaluronidase was begun 20 minutes after coronary artery occlusion at 4 units/ml perfusate. NADH fluorophotographs were taken at 10-minute intervals up to 60 minutes of ischemia. Coronary sinus oxygen tension (PcsO2), myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2), and coronary flow were determined. After 70 minutes, the hearts were perfused with rhodamine solution to identify areas of myocardial perfusion. In 13 H-treated hearts 54.3% +/- 3.7% (mean +/- SEM) of the nonperfused area (rhodamine stained) was ischemic (NADH fluorescent). In 14 untreated hearts 79.8% +/- 3.2% of the nonperfused area was ischemic (p less than 0.0001) and the ischemic areas were uniform. The distance between perfused and ischemic tissue was 952 +/- 78 micrometers in the H hearts and 504 +/- 35 micrometers in the untreated heart (p less than 0.0001). In the H hearts PcsO2 increased to 155% of the post-ligation control while it decreased to 79% in the untreated hearts (p less than 0.0001). MVO2 decreased in the H-treated hearts to 62%; the untreated hearts had no further change. In the H-treated hearts, coronary flow increased to 146% of the post-ligation control while it fell to 91% in the untreated group (p less than 0.0001). We conclude that H increases coronary flow while decreasing MVO2 during subacute ischemia. In H-treated hearts, significant amounts of myocardium remain normoxic within the nonperfused areas, and may potentially be salvaged after prolonged myocardial ischemia.
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PMID:Mechanism of action of hyaluronidase in decreasing myocardial ischemia post coronary occlusion in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. 711 92

The mechanism for reduced myocardial ischaemic injury by hyaluronidase was studied in open chest anaesthetized dogs. Repeated coronary artery occlusions were performed and the effect of hyaluronidase (225 NF units per kg) was studied during infusion of noradrenaline 0.125 mg/kg . min. Ischaemic injury was measured as the sum of ST-segment elevations (sigma ST) at 10-15 sites. Regional myocardial blood flow was determined by tracer microspheres. Blood for metabolic studies was sampled from a local coronary vein draining ischaemic tissue and from the coronary sinus draining predominantly non-ischaemic tissue. Hyaluronidase reduced sigma ST and increased subepicardial and transmural blood flow in ischaemic myocardium, but flow was not significantly changed in the ischaemic subendocardium or in non-ischaemic myocardium. Hyaluronidase had no significant effect on arterio-local venous differences of oxygen, glucose, lactate or free fatty acids across the ischaemic myocardium. In conclusion, reduction of myocardial ischaemic injury by hyaluronidase can be explained by increased collateral blood flow and not by an effect on fluxes of substrates across the ischaemic myocardium.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronidase on substrate exchange and blood flow in the ischaemic myocardium of the dog. 720 7

Subcutaneous extravasation of parenteral nafcillin sodium can cause deep-tissue necrosis, sometimes necessitating multiple debridements and skin grafting. We report two cases in which nafcillin-induced tissue injury was successfully prevented by prompt clysis of hyaluronidase to the site of infiltration; these patients are compared with an infant in whom hyaluronidase was not used and in whom full-thickness skin loss resulted. Hyaluronidase is an enzyme that reduces or prevents tissue injury by causing the rapid diffusion of extravasated fluids through tissues by temporarily destroying tissue cement, thus increasing absorptive surface and the resultant rate of absorption. We have found that hyaluronidase, when used promptly after an extravasation has occurred, is effective in markedly reducing the amount of local tissue damage and destruction caused by the infiltration of nafcillin.
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PMID:Nafcillin extravasation injury. Use of hyaluronidase as an antidote. 731 7


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