Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Hyaluronidase is an acrosomal enzyme which participates in the dissolution of the cumulus oophorus matrix, containing hyaluronic acid, and is essential for the fertilization process. In this study hyaluronidase activity was determined in two fractions of split normozoospermic and oligozoospermic human semen. The method consisted of measurements of areas of digestion of hyaluronic acid in agar (Petri dishes) as compared to activity obtained by commercial testicular hyaluronidase. It was found that the first splits of semen, which are generally characterized by higher sperm density and better quality of sperm, exhibit higher enzyme activity (136.0 +/- 11.6-207.0 +/- 15.1 micrograms/mL) as compared to the second splits (117.8 +/- 10-134.0 +/- 12.9 micrograms/mL).
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PMID:Hyaluronidase activity in split human semen. 287 65

Acrosomal hyaluronidase activity of individual sperm can be detected by a halo formation around the sperm head on hyaluronic acid substrate slides. The following results were obtained by this method in clinical practice. A significant correlation was found between hyaluronidase activity and sperm concentration in male infertility. Hyaluronidase activity increased as the concentration of sperm increased, and the least hyaluronidase activity was determined at less than 10 X 10(6)/ml. The group with more than 40% motility had a higher hyaluronidase activity than other groups with poor motility. Although there was no significant correlation between hyaluronidase and cumulus dispersion and fertilization rates in immature oocytes, there was an excellent correlation in mature oocytes in human in vitro fertilization. These findings suggest that a newly developed assay will be useful for evaluating sperm fertilizing capacity.
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PMID:The measurement of hyaluronidase activity in human spermatozoa by substrate slide assay and its clinical application. 291 78

The presence of hyaluronate in the capsular space of the cat muscle spindle was demonstrated using alcian blue staining at various pHs, the critical electrolyte concentration technique and hyaluronidase treatment. In spindles with intact capsules an extracellular marker, the dye Ruthenium Red, gained access to the capsular space through the gap in the sleeve region, but for a limited distance. In muscle spindles with the capsule nicked, the marker diffused into the capsular space in the equatorial region, revealing a dense network in this space which consisted of globular structures interconnected by thin filaments. Based on their thickness, these filaments were inferred to be hyaluronic acid, and the globular structures were inferred to be protein molecules. Longitudinal diffusion of the dye into the capsular space through the nicked site was limited. The limited diffusion is probably due to electrostatic binding of the dye, which is a hexavalent cation, to negatively charged glycosaminoglycan hyaluronate that is present in the space. The transcapsular potential was measured by use of glass micropipettes filled with 3 M-KCl. The value was 15 mV +/- 4 (average +/- S.D., n = 12; range, 10-20 mV) inside negative. The input resistance and capacitance of the capsule, measured with two independent electrodes, varied widely (1.3-8.0 M omega and 0.5-1.3 nF, n = 4) and the capsule showed marked delayed rectification to outward current pulses. [K+] in the space measured with K+-sensitive resin-filled glass micropipettes was a few millimolar higher than that in the bathing solution. The effects of [K+] and [Ca2+] on impulse activities were examined in spindles with intact capsules or with partially resected capsules. In spindles with intact capsules the effects of [K+] and [Ca2+] were significantly less or negligible compared with those in spindles with the capsule opened. Hyaluronidase (approximately 10(-4) g/ml) added to the bathing solution around nicked capsules significantly reduced both resting and stretch-induced impulse activities in 40-50 min. By this time the capsular space was completely collapsed. An increase in [K+] of the bathing solution from 3.5 to 6 or 8 mM restored these impulse activities. A similar restoring effect was also observed when [Ca2+] in the bathing solution was reduced.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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PMID:Studies of capsule and capsular space of cat muscle spindles. 294 10

A sensitive assay for hyaluronidase was developed using as a substrate, hyaluronic acid insolubilized on polystyrene microtest plates. Hyaluronic acid was measured exploiting the fact that it can bind immune complexes made up with hyaluronectin and alkaline phosphatase-conjugated anti-hyaluronectin antibodies. Hyaluronidase was detected in both cell line culture media. Optimum pH was between 3.25 and 3.75. Sodium chloride dependence was absolute, and the optimum concentration of sodium chloride was between 0.2 and 0.3 M. The activity was not affected by dialysis, and was suppressed by a 5 minute heating at 50 degrees C or by protease treatment. The molecular weight was 68 K as determined by gel permeation chromatography. The results are close to those reported for human lysosomal hyaluronidase.
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PMID:[Characterization of lysosomal-type hyaluronidase in the culture medium of 2 cell lines derived from human hepatomas]. 301 17

A multicentred, randomised, blind study was started in 1978 to compare propranolol or hyaluronidase with placebo in patients with acute myocardial infarction admitted within 18 hours of onset of symptoms. Patients were randomised to group A and received hyaluronidase, propranolol, or placebo, or, if propranolol was contraindicated, to group B and received hyaluronidase or placebo. Hyaluronidase (500 U/kg given every six hours for 48 hours) had no effect on mortality or infarct size in the overall population. Because spontaneous reperfusion was more common in patients with early peaking of plasma creatine kinase MB or non-transmural electrocardiographic changes or both, the results were reanalysed for two subgroups: those in whom plasma creatine kinase peaked less than 15 hours after the onset of symptoms (early peak, n = 184) and those with a peak greater than 15 h after the onset of symptoms (late peak, n = 546). The distribution of time to peak activity of creatine kinase MB was similar in the hyaluronidase and placebo groups. In the early peak patients who were given hyaluronidase (groups A and B) total mortality and cardiac-specific four year mortality were significantly lower. This was most pronounced in group B in which the total mortality was 45% and cardiovascular mortality was 47% less than in the placebo group. Similarly, mortality from cardiovascular disease in patients (groups A and B) with nontransmural ischaemia (ST-T changes) given hyaluronidase was significantly lower, with group B showing a 50% reduction. In the subsets of patients with late peaking of creatine kinase MB or those presenting with transmural electrocardiographic changes there was no difference in total mortality or deaths from cardiac disease between those given hyaluronidase and those given placebo. Hyaluronidase was associated with improved survival in patients with early peaking of plasma creatine kinase MB, suggesting the possibility of salvage of myocardium in patients who have early spontaneous reperfusion and possibly after therapeutic reperfusion.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronidase on mortality and morbidity in patients with early peaking of plasma creatine kinase MB and non-transmural ischaemia. Multicentre investigation for the limitation of infarct size (MILIS). 305 76

In 20 patients undergoing transurethral resection for bladder tumor or multiple transurethral biopsies for monitoring after transurethral resection, mitomycin C, 20 mg., was instilled into the bladder immediately after the procedure. Mitomycin C was associated with hyaluronidase, 200.000 U, in 10 patients. Serum levels of mitomycin were determined by column chromatography 30 and 60 minutes after instillation. Hyaluronidase was not found to make any difference in mitomycin absorption. Potential expansions of the therapeutic modalities for preventing recurrent bladder tumor by hyaluronidase are discussed.
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PMID:Mitomycin C plasma levels after intravesical instillation with and without hyaluronidase. 308 22

With rat embryos cultured in vitro, two mechanisms are studied which are involved in the elevation and apposition of the neural walls: the mesoderm compartment and the "purse string" of the neurectoderm. The first is counteracted using hyaluronidase injected into the head-folds, the second using cytochalasin B or D, injected into the amniotic cavity. All teratogens cause malformations. Hyaluronidase produces inversion of the head-folds, and the cytochalasins cause eversion. Injection of both hyaluronidase and cytochalasin, however, results in a near to normal closure of the head-folds.
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PMID:The formation of the neural tube in rat embryos, cultured in vitro, studied with teratogens. 308 61

Previous studies have shown that hamster sperm release a significant amount of hyaluronidase before and independently of the normal acrosome reaction. In this study, we have used improved methods for in vitro incubation to investigate the time course of the release of hyaluronidase and hexosaminidase from hamster sperm. When hamster sperm are incubated in medium which allows capacitation, 34 to 47% of the total mechanically extractable hyaluronidase and 34 to 51% of beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase are released into solution prior to and independently of the normal acrosome reaction (ARx). An additional 40 to 50% of the hyaluronidase and 34 to 51% of the hexosaminidase are released at the time of the normal ARx. Control experiments indicate that the early release is not due to the presence of dead sperm in culture and that the normal ARx is required for the second release. Increasing amounts of TCA-precipitated bovine serum albumin in the culture medium stimulated the early (1 hr) release of both enzymes. The data are consistent with the ideas that a significant amount of both enzymes is released from the sperm surface by 1 hr of incubation and that about the same amount of each enzyme is released during the normal ARx. Hyaluronidase and hexosaminidase release at the time of the acrosome reaction was measured for the first time using hamster sperm. The biphasic release of these enzymes may indicate that they have a dual function in fertilization and may help explain how sperm can penetrate the cumulus and corona radiata without undergoing an acrosome reaction.
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PMID:Release of hyaluronidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase during in vitro incubation of hamster sperm. 315 74

The effect of hyaluronidase removal of the cumulus oophorus on the in vitro fertilization rate of oocytes obtained from patients with poor oocyte fertilizability has been evaluated. Eighty-eight oocytes were obtained from 13 patients undergoing in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) for indications of male-factor, immunological, and idiopathic infertility. In addition, patients in whom fertilization did not occur on previous IVF cycles were evaluated in the study. The oocytes of each individual patient were randomly assigned into a treatment (removal of the cumulus; N = 40 oocytes) or nontreatment group (control; N = 48 oocytes). Hyaluronidase was used to remove the cumulus immediately following oocyte retrieval, and insemination was performed 6-8 hr later. The overall oocyte fertilization rate (both treated and untreated) was 42%. The treatment group demonstrated a higher rate of fertilization compared to the nontreatment group (55% vs 31%; P less than 0.05). Examination of various patient groups revealed a statistically significant difference in fertilization rates between the treated and the untreated oocytes only in the "no previous fertilization" group (60% vs 28%; P less than 0.05). A higher rate of fertilization of the treated oocytes was also seen in the immunologic infertility group, however, statistical significance was not achieved (50% vs 25%; P = 0.07). Only one clinical pregnancy was achieved in this group of 13 patients. We conclude that in this group of patients, removal of the cumulus prior to insemination may, in some cases, increase the fertilization potential of the oocyte.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase removal of the cumulus oophorus increases in vitro fertilization. 323 Mar 47

The objective of this work was to identify and compare hyaluronidase activities of normal dermal and dermal wound granulation tissue fibroblasts. Direct evidence of the fibroblast as a source of tissue hyaluronidase was obtained. Fourth passage rabbit dermal fibroblasts were harvested on culture days 4, 8, 14, 18, and 22. Hyaluronidase activity and [35S]-sulfate- or [3H]-glucosamine-labeled glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) were monitored. Hyaluronidase assays were performed on medium and cellular fractions at the designated intervals. Enzyme activity of cellular fractions for both normal dermal and 14-day post-wound granulation tissue fibroblasts increased progressively through culture day 8. Thereafter (days 14-22), an eight-fold drop in cellular activity was coupled with cell death and emergence of hyaluronidase activity in medium fractions. Marked increases in degradation of secreted matrix components were concurrent with lysis-induced release of hyaluronidase. In this culture system, hyaluronidase activity was confined exclusively to cellular fractions and was released into the medium only under non-physiological conditions conducive to cellular death and lysis. Accordingly, this work suggests that previously reported skin wound hyaluronidases may be of fibroblastic origin and that susceptible GAGs are not degraded extracellularly, but, rather, must be internalized as a prerequisite to depolymerization.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase activity of rabbit skin wound granulation tissue fibroblasts. 330 34


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