Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Sodium hyaluronate, digested with bovine testicular hyaluronidase, yielded a mixture of oligosaccharides with identical repeating disaccharide structures and differing molecular weights. The oligosaccharides were separated into a ladder-like series of bands by electrophoresis on a 10% polyacrylamide gel matrix. Coelectrophoresis of purified oligosaccharides has established that adjacent bands differ in chain length by one disaccharide unit. This procedure formed the basis for a rapid screening method in which the binding of cationic dyes by hyaluronate oligosaccharides may be assayed. As a function of chain length, the oligosaccharides showed a marked change in dye binding. Species containing less than seven repeating disaccharide units are not detected by any dye tested, even at very high sample loads. Larger oligosaccharides show an increase in dye binding. The chain length at which constant maximal dye binding is reached depends on the dye structure and solvent conditions, varying from approximately 12 to 30 disaccharide units. The hyaluronate fragments of sufficient chain length to duplicate polymer behavior should be useful models for the study of hyaluronate structure and interactions in solution.
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PMID:Cationic dye binding by hyaluronate fragments: dependence on hyaluronate chain length. 257 68

Sodium hyaluronate (HA) protects the corneal endothelium during cataract surgery. Recently, HA receptors have been found on liver endothelial cells that play an important role in HA catabolism. It is unknown if similar receptors are present on the corneal endothelium. In this study we have used two different methods to follow the interaction of HA with corneal endothelial cells: (1) binding of 3H-HA to cells or intact corneas was determined in the presence or absence of unlabelled glycosaminoglycans after solubilization with KOH, and (2) the HA-binding region of bovine cartilage proteoglycan was used as a histochemical probe and visualized by an avidin-biotin method. 3H-HA bound both to intact rat corneas pretreated with Streptomyces hyaluronidase and to cultured monkey corneal endothelial cells. The fraction-bound 3H-HA increased with time and was saturable. Cultured endothelial cells were estimated to have 1700-2100 binding sites per cell with a binding constant of 5.6-8.5 X 10(9) liters/mol. Furthermore, unlabelled HA displaced the tritiated in a dose-dependent manner and the displacing efficiency was dependent on molecular weight. The histochemical method disclosed that HA forms a continuous layer on the endothelium. If Healon was injected into the anterior chamber, the thickness and staining intensity of this layer increased conspicuously.
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PMID:Hyaluronate binding to intact corneas and cultured endothelial cells. 279 54

The effect of sodium hyaluronate on the production of migration inhibitory factor (MIF) was studied in a two step MIF-assay. High molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (100 micrograms/ml), added during the inductory step of the MIF-assay, inhibited the production of MIF. The inhibitory effect did not appear to be due to physical factors such as steric hindrance, which may prevent mitogen binding, since cells preactivated with phytohemagglutinin A (PHA) did not produce MIF when incubated in the presence of sodium hyaluronate. The inhibitory effect was still measurable when the sodium hyaluronate was added upto two hours after stimulation of the mononuclear cells with PHA. Inhibition was also found when the cells were preincubated with sodium hyaluronate, and washed prior to mitogen stimulation. Sodium hyaluronate could only be removed from the cells by incubation with hyaluronidase or by incubation of the cells for at least two hours in culture medium, whereafter the cells could be stimulated to the same extent as normal untreated cells to produce MIF. This inhibitory effect on cytokine production may explain the reduced inflammatory reactions found both in vivo and in vitro in the presence of sodium hyaluronate.
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PMID:The influence of high molecular weight sodium hyaluronate (Healon) on the production of migration inhibitory factor. 332 86

In this study, methods were developed for the in vitro evaluation of the surgical performance characteristics of viscoelastic fluids, such as sodium hyaluronate (Healon). Sodium hyaluronate exhibited superior surgical performance to chondroitin-6-sulfate. The superior performance of sodium hyaluronate resulted in part from its high viscosity, which is 20 times greater than that of chondroitin-6-sulfate at shear rates on the order of 10 s-1. The gel-like character of sodium hyaluronate as evidenced by the creep flow behavior, was greater than that of chondroitin-6-sulfate and was important for maintaining depth in the anterior chamber. It was shown that a threshold of 80 poise for the shear viscosity (at approximately 10 s-1 was needed for useful performance in surgery. It was also shown that 0.42 USP units of hyaluronidase per 1.0 mg sodium hyaluronate produces a 90% decrease in the shear viscosity (at approximately 10 s-1) within approximately 2 1/2 hours. Use of sodium hyaluronate in conjunction with hyaluronidase would allow sodium hyaluronate to remain highly viscous during surgery, but would gradually become less viscous to facilitate aqueous outflow after surgery.
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PMID:Shear flow characteristics of sodium hyaluronate. Relationship to performance in anterior segment surgery. 643 Feb 59