Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Non-specific complications are encountered relatively often in patients with below normal granulocytic phagocytosis rates. We tested vitamin C, transfer factor, gamma-globulin, BCG, PPD, UV irradiation of the subject's blood (UVB) and hyaluronidase with the aim of stimulating granulocytic phagocytosis with rice starch in autologous serum. In our experiments, only the addition of hyaluronidase caused any increase in phagocytotic activity. The in vitro experiments with hyaluronidase yielded promising results and will be followed up since they may be relevant to practical questions.
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PMID:[Modulation of granulocyte phagocytosis]. 169 56

Tumor host resistance and promotion are multiple complex simultaneous phenomena. This paper relates only to the effect of ground substance viscosity on tumor host interaction. Tar, anthralin, ultraviolet light, x-ray and arsenic have been widely used to treat inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis. They are also well known carcinogens. It is proposed that both the anti-inflammatory effect and part of the carcinogenic effect could occur by decreasing ground substance viscosity and suppressing fibroblasts. Streptococcal infections, chloroquine and pyridoxine deficiency increase inflammatory skin disorders and are known to be beneficial to tumor resistance. It is proposed that both effects could occur because of their effect of increasing ground substance viscosity and, at least with streptococcal infections, by stimulating fibroblasts. Within certain limits, vitamin C has a stimulant effect on fibroblast and ground substance viscosity. Beta carotene is active in stimulating wound healing. Localized edema of the dermal papillae precedes granulocytic inflammation in disorders like psoriasis. Anything that decreases ground substance viscosity will prevent dilution of tissue fluids by decreasing localized edema and thus decrease formation of some mediators of inflammation. Anything that increases ground substance and its viscosity will promote local dilution of tissue fluid. Increasing dilution of tissue fluids promotes the formation of some mediators of inflammation. Tumors commonly secrete hyaluronidase. It is proposed that substances that decrease ground substance viscosity (hyaluronidase-like activity) encourage tumors and substances that increase ground substance viscosity (anti-hyaluronidase-like effect) increase resistance to tumors.
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PMID:Cancer resistance, carcinogenesis and ground substance viscosity. 363 77

Proteoglycan breakdown was studied in a coculture model which mimics the confrontation between synovium and cartilage that occurs in rheumatoid arthritis. Bovine nasal-septum cartilage discs radioactively labeled (35SO2-4 with or without [3H]glucosamine) and 'chased' in non-radioactive medium were cultured in contact with minced rheumatoid synovial membranes for intervals up to 8 days. Synovium-stimulated (2-3-fold) cartilage breakdown was unaffected by ascorbate supplementation. Labeled products (small molecules plus proteoglycan complexes) in culture media were characterized by chromatographic, sedimentation and enzymic digestion methods. Breakdown was dominated by the release of a range of proteoglycan products, fully disaggregated and incapable of reaggregation with added hyaluronate. Because constituent glycosaminoglycans were of uniform size, proteoglycan polydispersity was attributed to differences in core protein length. Hydrocortisone inhibited degradation and partially prevented the shift of proteoglycans to lower average molecular weight. An additional breakdown pattern occasionally noted during the initial 48 h of coculture was characterized by release of a subpopulation of low charge-density proteoglycan bearing shortened glycosaminoglycan chains, consistent with glycosidase action. We conclude that rheumatoid synovia exhibit two distinct cartilage degradative potencies in vitro that may be important in vivo: (a) A variable hyaluronidase-like activity at early culture times, and (b) a dominant proteolytic activity generating an array of disaggregated proteoglycan products that differ largely on the basis of their core lengths. The response to hydrocortisone is consistent with inhibition of proteolysis through the stabilization of cellular membranes.
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PMID:Breakdown of cartilage proteoglycan in a tissue culture model of rheumatoid arthritis. 683 6

Proposed mechanisms of action for ascorbic acid (ascorbate, vitamin C) in the prevention and treatment of cancer include enhancement of the immune system, stimulation of collagen formation necessary for "walling off" tumors, inhibition of hyaluronidase which keeps the ground substance around the tumor intact and prevents metastasis, prevention of oncogenic viruses, correction of an ascorbate deficiency often seen in cancer patients, expedition of wound healing after cancer surgery, enhancement of the effect of certain chemotherapy drugs, reduction of the toxicity of other chemotherapeutic agents such as Adriamycin, prevention of free radical damage, and neutralization of carcinogenic substances. Scottish as well as Japanese studies have pointed to the potential benefit of high dose vitamin C for the treatment of "terminal" cancer. Mayo Clinic studies, however, have contradicted the Scottish and Japanese findings, resulting in accusations of methodological flaws from both sides. Numerous epidemiological studies have pointed to the importance of dietary and supplemental ascorbate in the prevention of various types of cancer including bladder, breast, cervical, colorectal, esophageal, lung, pancreatic, prostate, salivary gland, stomach, leukemia, and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma.
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PMID:Ascorbic acid in the prevention and treatment of cancer. 963 Jul 35

Previously, we identified ascorbic acid 6-O-hexadecanoate as an up to 1500 times more potent inhibitor of bacterial and bovine hyaluronidases than the parent compound, vitamin C, and determined a crystal structure of hyaluronidase from Streptococcus pneumoniae in complex with the inhibitor. As the alkanoyl chain interacts with a hydrophobic patch of the enzyme we synthesized other 6-O-acylated vitamin C derivatives bearing various lipophilic residues and investigated the inhibition of Streptococcus agalactiae strain 4755 hyaluronidase (SagHyal(4755)) and of bovine testicular hyaluronidases (BTH) in a turbidimetric assay. All compounds showed selectivity for the bacterial enzyme. Whereas vitamin C 6-O-hexanoate only weakly inhibited SagHyal(4755), the inhibition of both enzymes increased with the length of the aliphatic chain. In the case of the 6-O-octadecanoate, IC(50) values of 0.9 and 39microM for SagHyal(4755) and BTH, respectively, were determined. Partial replacement of the aliphatic chain with a phenyl, p-phenylene or p-biphenylyl group resulted in inhibitors with activity in the lower micromolar range, too. The title compounds are among the most potent inhibitors of both enzymes known to date.
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PMID:Novel 6-O-acylated vitamin C derivatives as hyaluronidase inhibitors with selectivity for bacterial lyases. 1690 42

Rapanone and embelin are simple alkyl benzoquinone derivatives, mainly distributed in the Primulaceae. They have an interesting scope of biological activities including cytotoxicity. As melanoma is one of the most common types of cancer, in many cases resistant to current treatment regimens, the aim of this study was to assess and compare anti-melanoma activity of the two benzoquinones. Cytotoxicity of both compounds towards different melanoma cell lines (A375, HTB140, WM793) and selectivity with respect to normal keratinocytes (HaCaT) were investigated. Furthermore, interactions with a reference chemotherapeutic, doxorubicine, were assessed. Finally, analysis of anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-tyrosinase activities of both benzoquinones was conducted as well. Rapanone showed selective and higher than doxorubicine cytotoxic potential against primary melanoma cell line, WM793. Although embelin was also highly cytotoxic, its selectivity was much poorer. Interestingly, in case of HTB140 and HaCaT cell lines a combination of each benzoquinone with doxorubicine potentiated the cytotoxic potential in a synergistic manner. Embelin revealed higher albumin anti-denaturation potential than rapanone but lower than diclofenac sodium. Anti-hyaluronidase effect of both benzoquinones was higher than quercetin. Both compounds showed antioxidant potential although significantly lower as compared to vitamin C. Finally, neither embelin nor rapanone had any inhibitory effect on tyrosinase.
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PMID:Anti-melanoma potential of two benzoquinone homologues embelin and rapanone - a comparative in vitro study. 3216 36