Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rat cardiac muscle was dissociated into single cells by a coronary perfusion technique with collagenase and hyaluronidase in a Ca-free medium. Retention of the cylindrical shape of isolated muscle cells could be achieved by regulation of [Ca2+]0 and temperature. Cells kept at 4 degrees C, and 0-01 mM CaCl2 remained cylindrical for more than a week and contracted spontaneously upon warming at 37 degrees C. At [Ca2+]0 between 0-1-2 mM and 37 degrees C, cells underwent contracture and rounded up. Scanning (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy were used to analyze the structure of cylindrical and rounded muscle cells. The extracellular aspect of the sarcolemma at lateral cell surfaces and intercalated disc regions were clearly revealed for SEM analysis. Both the distribution and number of T-tubule openings on the surfaces can be estimated and a three-dimensional description of the intercalated disc obtained. This study reveals that isolated adult heart cells are extremely sensitive to [Ca2+]0, but with careful control of this cation, this preparation should be helpful in the analysis of both sarcolemmal structure and the pathological changes which accompany myocardial injury.
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PMID:Studies of isolated adult rat heart cells: the surface morphology and the influence of extracellular calcium ion concentration on cellular viability. 20 Oct 46

Intravenous extravasation injuries are a major cause of morbidity in the pediatric population. A variety of commonly used drugs and intravenous fluids have been shown to cause injury, particularly when infants are infused subcutaneously. Optimal management of intravenous extravasations remains controversial. The enzyme hyaluronidase degrades hyaluronic acid, a constituent of the normal interstitial barrier; by degrading interstitial bonds, it can increase the distribution and absorption of locally injected substances. To test the hypothesis that hyaluronidase might prevent skin injury associated with extravasations, a reliable skin injury model in immature pigs was created using subcutaneous CaCl2 injections. Hyaluronidase, in a concentration of 150 U/mL injected subcutaneously in a circumferential fashion immediately following the injection of CaCl2, significantly reduced the area of necrosis (P less than .01). As a control for the diluent volume administered with the hyaluronidase injection, the effect of a circumferential injection of 1.0 mL normal saline was compared with a similar injection of 1.0 mL normal saline with 150 units of hyaluronidase. Again, the area of skin necrosis following injection with hyaluronidase was statistically smaller (P less than .01). We have created a reliable skin injury model using immature porcine skin, which resembles human skin. Our data using this model suggest that the use of hyaluronidase may decrease the morbidity associated with intravenous extravasation injuries.
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PMID:The use of hyaluronidase in the treatment of intravenous extravasation injuries. 235 98

A comparative analysis, by low-angle X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy, of bovine articular cartilage either submitted or not to chemical (0.5-2 M CaCl2, 4 M guanidinium chloride) or enzymatic (hyaluronidase, trypsin) treatments is reported. An analysis of the micrographs using a filtering program on the Fourier transform patterns reveals the absence of modification or alteration of the fibrils after treatment, whereas the X-ray diffraction patterns change. The ratio of the first/third orders intensities increases when the tissue proteoglycans content decreases. These results indicate that proteoglycans are regularly ordered on the type II collagen fibrils in articular cartilage.
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PMID:Low-angle X-ray diffraction analysis of the collagen-proteoglycan interactions in articular cartilage. 405 53

In this paper we describe kinetic investigations of the action of testicular hyaluronidase on hyaluronan. We have compared the use of two spectrophotometric assays, the first based on the Morgan-Elson reaction and the second on the neocuproine reaction. With the neocuproine reaction Km was found to be 0.46 mg/ml and Vmax to be 126 nmol l-1 s-1. Because of a low sensitivity and the production of interfering precipitates, the Morgan-Elson assay cannot be used for kinetic investigation of the enzyme. Furthermore this assay is prone to interference from compounds such as disodium cromoglycate, (+)-catechine, penicillamine, CaCl2 and acetate buffer.
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PMID:Kinetic investigation of the action of hyaluronidase on hyaluronan using the Morgan-Elson and neocuproine assays. 764 72

The enzyme, hyaluronidase, detected in crude venom was active over a pH range of 4-9 and was stable to at least a 72 hr storage at 4 degrees C. Preparative electrofocusing indicated a pI value for this enzyme between 9.5 and 10.2. Hyaluronidase partially purified by gel-filtration chromatography was evaluated as a spreading factor for dermonecrosis provoked by the nematocyst venom on depilated rats. The spread of dermonecrosis increased regardless of the presence or absence of hyaluronidase. Hemolytic activity of crude venom was assayed on erythrocyte suspensions from various sources. Pig and rat erythrocytes were the most sensitive to the hemolysin of the erythrocytes tested. The pH optima for the hemolysin was 8.3. Trypsinized rat erythrocytes were more susceptible to hemolysis induced by venom than non-trypsinized cells. The monovalent and divalent cations KCl, BaCl2, CaCl2, and MgCl2 were inhibitory to hemolytic activity induced by crude venom. The hemolysin partially purified by gel-filtration chromatography tested for stability after overnight storage at 4 degrees C and -70 degrees C indicated a 50% and 75% loss of activity, respectively, in comparison to the hemolytic activity recovered directly after gel-filtration chromatography.
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PMID:Characteristics of hyaluronidase and hemolytic activity in fishing tentacle nematocyst venom of Chrysaora quinquecirrha. 790 65

Calcium chloride and sodium hydrogen phosphate form precipitation zones in gelatin gel, gel supplemented with cartilaginous extract, articular cartilage slices, and in demineralized bone. The cartilaginous extract exerts a marked inhibitory effect on the crystal quantity and clustering. The pretreatment of cartilage slices with hyaluronidase increases the crystal frequency. The morphology of crystals formed in gelatin and in cartilage was similar but quite different from the precipitation pattern found in demineralized bone.
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PMID:Artificial mineralization in vitro--a model of tissue mineralization. 834 82

Candida dubliniensis is an opportunistic yeast that has been recovered from several body sites in many populations; it is most often recovered from the oral cavities of human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients. Although extensive studies on epidemiology and phylogeny of C. dubliniensis have been performed, little is known about virulence factors such as exoenzymatic and hemolytic activities. In this study we compared proteinase, hyaluronidase, chondroitin sulphatase and hemolytic activities in 18 C. dubliniensis and 30 C. albicans strains isolated from AIDS patients. C. albicans isolates produced higher amounts of proteinase than C. dubliniensis (p < 0.05). All the tested C. dubliniensis strains expressed hyaluronidase and chondroitin sulphatase activities, but none of them were significantly different from those observed with C. albicans (p > 0.05). Hemolytic activity was affected by CaCl2; when this component was absent, we did not notice any significant difference between C. albicans and C. dubliniensis hemolytic activities. On the contrary, when we added 2.5 g% CaCl2, the hemolytic activity was reduced on C. dubliniensis and stimulated on C. albicans tested strains (p < 0.05).
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PMID:Enzymatic and hemolytic activities of Candida dubliniensis strains. 1782 46