Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

We studied the effect of the addition of hyaluronidase to a mixture of lignocaine 2% and bupivacaine 0.75% for peribulbar anaesthesia in 60 patients presenting for elective intra-ocular surgery. Using a randomised, double-blind design, patients were allocated to one of three groups: no hyaluronidase (group A) (n = 20); hyaluronidase 50 iu.ml-1 (group B) (n = 20); hyaluronidase 150 iu.ml-1 (group C) (n = 20). The speed of onset of the block, the presence of akinesia, analgesia and the need for supplementary injections were assessed. The addition of 150 iu.ml-1 of hyaluronidase resulted in a mean (SEM) time to akinesia of 9.2 (0.9) min compared to 10.9 (0.9) min in the control group and 10.7 (1.1) min in those receiving the lower dose. Fewer patients in group C required a further injection (20%) than those in groups A (40%) or B (45%). None of the findings were statistically significant. Hyaluronidase was not associated with any complications.
Anaesthesia 1995 Nov
PMID:An evaluation of two concentrations of hyaluronidase for supplementation of peribulbar anaesthesia. 869 95

The aim of this prospective double-blind study was to evaluate the effect of the pressure on injection of local anaesthetic during peribulbar anaesthesia. Fifty patients scheduled for cataract surgery under peribulbar anaesthesia, with a two injection site technique, were randomly assigned to receive a mixture of 5 ml of etidocaine 1%, 4 ml of bupivacaine 0.5% and hyaluronidase 50 IU, injected under a constant pressure of either 140 g.cm-2 (group 1) or 250 g.cm-2 (group 2). After orbital compression, the degree of akinesia of the extra-ocular and orbicular muscles was graded by clinical assessment. A significantly higher rate of satisfactory akinesia of the extra-ocular muscles was found in group 2 (72% vs 28% in group 1) (p < 0.01). No significant relationship was found between the time taken to administer the anaesthetic mixture at constant pressure and the quality of the block.
Anaesthesia 1996 Aug
PMID:Effect of injection pressure on the success rate of peribulbar block. 879 25

Twenty free-ranging adult African elephants (Loxodonta africana) in northern Botswana were immobilized with a mean (+/- SD) of 9.5 +/- 0.5 mg etorphine hydrochloride and 2,000 IU hyaluronidase by intramuscular (IM) dart. The mean time to recumbency was 8.7 +/- 2.4 min. All animals were maintained in lateral recumbency. The anesthesia monitoring protocol included cardiothoracic auscultation; palpation of auricular pulse for quality and regularity; checking of rectal temperature, and monitoring of respiratory and heart rates. Results of basic physiologic measurements were similar to those of previous field studies of African elephants immobilized with etorphine or etorphine-hyaluronidase. In addition, continuous real-time pulse rate and percent oxygen saturation of hemoglobin (SpO2) readings were obtained on 16 elephants with a portable pulse oximeter. Duration of pulse oximetry monitoring ranged from 3 to 24 min (mean +/- SD = 8.2 +/- 4.8 min). Differences between minimum and maximum SpO2 values for any given elephant ranged from 1 to 6 percentage points, evidence for relatively stable trends. The SpO2 readings ranged from 70% to 96% among the 16 elephants, with a mean of 87.3 +/- 2.8%. Fifteen of 16 elephants monitored with a pulse oximeter had mean SpO2 values > or = 81 +/- 2.4%, with 11 having mean SpO2 values > or = 85 +/- 1.5%. All 20 animals recovered uneventfully following reversal: diprenorphine at 23.3 +/- 1.5 mg intravenous (IV) with 11.7 +/- 0.5 mg IM, or 24 mg diprenorphine given all IV.
 ...
PMID:A practical anesthesia monitoring protocol for free-ranging adult African elephants (Loxodonta africana). 902 93

Twenty-five patients undergoing elective cataract day surgery were studied after receiving a dual-injection peribulbar block with a mixture consisting of equal volumes of 2% lignocaine and 0.75% bupivacaine with hyaluronidase. A maximum of 10 ml of solution was used for the initial block; supplementary injections of up to 10 ml were given to five patients. Venous blood was taken prior to the block and then 1, 10, 20, 30, 60 and 90 min after the block. The peak mean concentrations of lignocaine (0.722 microgram.ml-1) and bupivacaine (0.353 microgram.ml-1) were found at 10-20 min after injection when no top-up was given and at 10 min after the top-up injection when required. All measured serum concentrations of lignocaine and bupivacaine were below the accepted toxic levels of the two drugs. However, the highest individual toxicity score after a top-up was 0.915 which was very close to the toxicity threshold (= 1) when a scoring system was used to assess the combined levels.
Anaesthesia 1996 Dec
PMID:Venous levels of lignocaine and bupivacaine after peribulbar block. 903 42

The hydraulic resistance of the synovial lining of a joint is important for retention of intraarticular lubricant. The resistance has been attributed to synovial interstitial glycosaminoglycans. This was tested by depletion of hyaluronan and chondroitin sulphates from synovium in five rabbit knees in vivo under anaesthesia, using testicular hyaluronidase. The enzyme raised synovial permeability to fluid 5- to 7-fold-substantially more, in fact, than predicted by a recent model. The results prove that hyaluronan and/or chondroitin sulphate are important sources of hydraulic resistance in synovium.
 ...
PMID:Glycosaminoglycan depletion greatly raises the hydraulic permeability of rabbit joint synovial lining. 917 77

The authors attempted to discover the quality of vision experienced immediately after cataract surgery by those patients receiving subconjunctival anesthesia and no postoperative patching. Eighty-five consecutive patients who underwent phacoemulsification were studied. Anesthesia was topical tetracaine followed by a subconjunctival injection of a lidocaine-bupivicaine hydrochloride-hyaluronidase mixture. Visual acuities were measured within a half hour after surgery and at 1 day postoperatively. Immediate postoperative visual acuities ranged from 20/25 to 20/200. Visual acuities were 20/40 or better in 14 patients (16.4%), 20/50 to 20/60 in 22 patients (23.5%), and 20/70 to 20/200 in 49 patients (60.1%). The early postoperative visual acuity measurements vary widely. There was a marked improvement at 1 day after surgery, with acuities becoming more aligned with expected outcomes.
 ...
PMID:Visual acuity immediately following phacoemulsification with subconjunctival anesthesia. 924 Jul 85

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) frequently follows prominent ear correction under general anaesthesia in children. In a prospective, single-blind study, we compared the incidence of PONV after propofol infusion anaesthesia with that following thiopentone induction and isoflurane maintenance in 30 children aged from four to 14 years randomly allocated to one of two groups. All the children were mechanically ventilated. Anaesthesia was supplemented in both groups with nitrous oxide and infiltration of the ears using a mixture of bupivacaine, adrenaline, and hyaluronidase. One child receiving propofol (group P) complained of nausea, compared with eight receiving thiopentone/ isoflurane, (group T) (P = 0.005), while three children in group P and ten in group T vomited before hospital discharge, (P = 0.01). Eight children in group P were considered to be fit for discharge on the day of surgery as against four in group T, (not significant). Only four out of twelve children receiving opioid analgesia vomited.
 ...
PMID:Propofol infusion vs thiopentone/isoflurane anaesthesia for prominent ear correction in children. 930 61

A prospective, randomised controlled study was performed to investigate whether hyaluronidase improved the efficacy of peribulbar anaesthesia. Ninety-two patients undergoing peribulbar anaesthesia for intraocular surgery all received 10 ml of an anaesthetic solution consisting of a 50:50 mixture of 2% lignocaine with 1 in 200,000 adrenaline and 0.5% bupivacaine. Patients were randomised to a hyaluronidase group which received 150 IU/ml hyaluronidase in this anaesthetic solution (a higher concentration than previous studies) or a control group which received no hyaluronidase. There were 44 patients in the hyaluronidase group and 48 patients in the control group. All anaesthetic injections were administered by an experienced ophthalmologist and no supplementary injections were required in any case. The mean time interval between administration of the block and commencement of surgery was 22 minutes. No statistically significant difference was found between the two groups for pre-operative akinesia (p = 0.16), intraoperative akinesia (p = 0.25), eyelid paralysis (p = 0.72), objective analgesia (p = 0.23) or subjective analgesia (p = 0.60). The majority of patients in both groups achieved excellent akinesia, eyelid paralysis and analgesia. The reasons for these findings in the light of previously conflicting reports on the value of hyaluronidase in peribulbar anaesthesia are discussed.
 ...
PMID:Is hyaluronidase helpful for peribulbar anaesthesia? 937 82

Hyaluronidase is employed therapeutically since many years. The various detectable effects of hyaluronidase are referred to the action of this enzyme. Hyaluronidase depolymerises the mucopolysaccharide hyaluronic acid, a component of the mucoprotein ground substance or tissue cement. Hyaluronidase thereby increases in tissues the membrane permeability, reduces the viscosity and renders the tissues more readily permeable to injected fluids (spreading effect). The effects of hyaluronidase enables this enzyme to be used therapeutically to increase the speed of absorption and to diminish discomfort due to subcutaneous or intramuscular injection of fluid, to promote resorption of excess fluids and extravasated blood in the tissues and to increase the effectiveness of local anaesthesia. Hyaluronidase is widely used in many fields, i.e. in orthopaedia, surgery, ophthalmology, internal medicine, oncology, dermatology, gynaecology, etc. The following paper deals with the therapeutic uses of hyaluronidases and allows a review of the current and up to date status of the literature.
 ...
PMID:[Clinical pharmacology and possible applications of hyaluronidase with reference to Hylase "Dessau"]. 943 5

Despite current clinical practice, there is no objective evidence to demonstrate the efficacy or pain on injection when hyaluronidase is added to lidocaine as an anesthetic combination for local anesthesia. To evaluate the usefulness of hyaluronidase added to lidocaine in affecting pain on injection and effectiveness of local anesthesia, a prospective, randomized, double blind study comparing 1% lidocaine preparations with and without hyaluronidase (15 U/cc) was conducted. A paired experiment was done with each subject receiving both treatments. Solutions of these local anesthetics were prepared. A 0.5-cc intradermal injection of each was administered to the dorsum of the nondominant hand of 25 volunteers. After showing study participants a standard pain with a peripheral nerve stimulator, pain of anesthetic infiltration was rated by the subject using a visual analog scale. The amount of tissue deformation on injection was assessed. The area of anesthetized skin surrounding each injection was measured at 1/2, 1, 2 1/2, 4 1/2, 8, and 12 minutes after injection. The area of anesthesia achieved by 1% lidocaine infiltration can be significantly enhanced by the addition of hyaluronidase at a concentration of 15 U/cc (p = 0.0003). This raises the pH of the anesthetic to a slightly more physiologic level (6.33 versus 6.20) and makes the pH closer to the pK of the lidocaine. In addition, the hyaluronidase additive significantly decreases the amount of tissue distortion (p < 0.0001) without decreasing the efficacy of anesthetic action (p = 0.01). However, adding hyaluronidase to 1% lidocaine significantly increased the pain on injection (p = 0.0002). The injections of small amounts of hyaluronidase-containing solutions in this experiment did not produce any visible effects at 5 to 7 days after injection; however, the effect of hyaluronidase upon wound healing was not studied.
 ...
PMID:The effects of hyaluronidase on the efficacy and on the pain of administration of 1% lidocaine. 946 68


<< Previous 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Next >>