Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The anti-inflammatory efficacy of [1-(p-chlorobenzoyl)-5-methoxy-2-methylindole-3-acetoxy]acetic acid (acemetacin, TV 1322, Rantudil) a new non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent, is described. The stronger inhibition of inflammation in kaolin-induced edema of the rat paw could experimentally be proved with the new compound in comparison with a series of marketed anti-inflammatory agents. Acemetacin is highly effective following both oral and parenteral administration. Following provocation of inflammation in the rat paw by a series of other different agents acemetacin was more strongly effective than indometacin following oral administration. Clear advantage of acemetacin as against indometacin were shown after influencing Freund's adjuvant induced arthritis. In local inflammation too, for example in the wool pellet test, the development of granulation tissue and exudate was inhibited to the same extent as following application of corticosteroid. Both skin erythema and dye-stuff spreading by inhibition of hyaluronidase were antagonised. From the results obtained with acemetacin in numerous inflammatory models conclusion can be drawn as to the multiple sites of action in the reaction chain of inflammation.
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PMID:[Anti-inflammatory action of acemetacin (author's transl)]. 719 3

Many bacteria that spread in the skin produce enzymes that digest extracellular matrix components. Borrelia burgdorferi spreads from a skin inoculation site to form the characteristic erythema migrans skin lesion. It was determined that B. burgdorferi does not produce collagenase, elastase, hyaluronidase, or other enzymes that digest extracellular matrix components. However, B. burgdorferi bound human plasmin, plasminogen (Pgn), and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA). When spirochetes were sequentially incubated with Pgn and uPA, bioactive plasmin was generated on the surface of B. burgdorferi. B. burgdorferi did not produce an endogenous Pgn activator. Fluorochrome-conjugated uPA and Pgn colocalized to the terminus of the spirochete. In a mouse model, uPA-treated B. burgdorferi were more infectious than control spirochetes. Binding of host uPA and Pgn to form a bioactive extracellular matrix protease on B. burgdorferi represents a mechanism that could facilitate dissemination and localization of spirochetes to sites of vascular injury.
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PMID:Binding of human plasminogen and urokinase-type plasminogen activator to the Lyme disease spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi. 775 1

Nodular mucinosis is an extremely rare breast lesion. This benign mass usually presents clinically as a poorly circumscribed, subareolar, myxoid mass in young female patients. We report a case of this rare breast lesion and discuss its clinical, radiologic, and histopathologic features. A 21-year-old white woman presented with a mass in the left breast of 6 months' duration. She had never been pregnant or had any history of breast feeding, surgery, trauma, or use of exogenous hormones or a family history of breast cancer. Clinical breast examination demonstrated a 1 cm "rubbery" mass directly under and continuous with the left nipple. The skin that covered the mass had an edematous and irregular appearance without erythema or drainage from the nipple. Ultrasonography demonstrated a 1-cm, nonintraductal, circumscribed, homogeneous, isoechoic mass that was continuous or part of the base of the left nipple. The mass was smooth, with a thin echogenic rim. Doppler flow showed some vascularity. These findings suggested a benign breast lesion, including a fibroadenoma or nipple adenoma. Despite reassurance, the patient desired excision of the lesion. Gross examination revealed a nodular, rubbery-firm, ovoid, pink, polypoid mass that measured 1.5 x 0.9 x 0.8 cm. Microscopic examination showed a well-circumscribed tumor with a nodular appearance, which consisted of an accumulation of pink myxoid tissue and contained spindle cells with bland-appearing nuclei, no mitosis, and mild cellularity. The pink myxoid tissue was stained with Hale colloidal iron and Alcian blue. The Alcian blue stain was removed by pretreatment with hyaluronidase. The spindle cells stained with vimentin and smooth muscle actin; however, they did not express smooth muscle myosin or cytokeratin. This report presents and discusses the pathologic, ultrasonographic, and clinical findings of this rare entity.
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PMID:Nodular mucinosis of the breast: a case report with pathologic, ultrasonographic, and clinical findings and review of the literature. 1573 51

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the skin are commonly described in cats. Reported treatments include surgery, radiation therapy and photodynamic therapy. This preliminary study reports on the management of these lesions combining the local administration of bleomycin (plus hyaluronidase for a more uniform distribution) with permeabilizing biphasic electric pulses. Nine cats with SCC graded T(2)-T(4) were treated over a 5 year period, and each cat received two sessions of electrochemotherapy (ECT) 1 week apart. The side effects of this treatment were minimal and limited to mild erythema of the nose. Seven of the cats (77.7%) had a complete response lasting up to 3 years. ECT seems to be a safe and effective option for the treatment of feline sun-induced squamous cell carcinomas and warrants further investigation.
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PMID:Electrochemotherapy for the treatment of squamous cell carcinoma in cats: a preliminary report. 1790 82

p-Dodecylaminophenol (p-DDAP) was designed on the basis of structure-activity relationship studies on N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)retinamide (fenretinide, 4-HPR), a synthetic derivative of retinoic acid (RA). p-DDAP exhibits antioxidative activities greater than those of RA and 4-HPR. RA shows biological effects in epidermal cells that include the inhibition of differentiation to the squamous phenotype. In the current study, we examined the effects of topical p-DDAP treatment on the skin of hairless mice as compared with those of RA treatment. p-DDAP caused an increase in epidermal thickness and decreased matrix metalloprotease and hyaluronidase activities in mouse skin tissues to the same extent that RA did. p-DDAP did not induce desquamation, erythema, or inflammatory cytokine expression as observed with RA treatment. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis patterns of proteins from skin treated with p-DDAP were distinct from those treated with RA. A protein induced by both p-DDAP and RA was identified as cytokeratin 16. p-DDAP did not elevate transcriptional activities of RA nuclear receptors. These results suggest that p-DDAP improves skin as potently as RA without causing the desquamation and erythema that the latter does. An increase in cytokeratin 16 expression might be essential for the effects of both p-DDAP and RA in skin healing and maintenance.
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PMID:Effects of the aminophenol analogue p-Dodecylaminophenol on mouse skin. 2003 91

Hyaluronidase is a bovine or ovine testicular protein that is used as an adjunct to co-administered medicaments and fluids to enhance their dispersion and absorption through the degradation of hyaluronan. While it is a known potential allergen, there are few reports of hyaluronidase hypersensitivity. A 56-year-old lady presented 8 hours post glaucoma surgery with ipsilateral lacriminorrhoea, periorbital erythema, oedema, proptosis, pruritus and conjunctival chemosis. Right ocular motility was restricted and visual acuity was reduced. The reaction settled with oral corticosteroids and antihistamines. Hyaluronidase allergy was confirmed on skin prick testing. Hyaluronidase allergy is rare. In the few cases reported, reactions occurred at various doses and were acute (intraoperative), early (within hours), intermediate (within days) or delayed (within weeks). Anaphylaxis has also been described. Primary sensitization appears to be a prerequisite for most reactions. The variability in onset of symptoms and the response to skin testing would suggest that type I and type IV hypersensitivity may both contribute to this response. In this case, the timing fitted with a late phase type 1 reaction. This case shows that despite being less common than haemorrhage for acute reactions and infection for delayed reactions, allergy can account for orbital inflammation following ophthalmic surgery.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase allergy: a rare cause of periorbital inflammation. 2014 44

Intravenous catheter malfunction causing extravasation is a common occurrence in the emergency department (ED). A 17-year-old girl who had a syncopal episode was given an ampule of dextrose 50% water into her antecubital region by emergency medical services. During her evaluation at the ED, she developed erythema and swelling in the antecubital region where the dextrose was given and extravasation was suspected. Most extravasations have relatively minor sequelae, but once an extravasation has occurred, damage can continue for months and involve nerves, tendons, and joints. If treatment is delayed, surgical debridement, skin grafting, and even amputation have been reported in literature. Hyaluronidase is a parenteral protein enzyme traditionally derived from bovine testicular tissue. Hyaluronidase is used as adjunct therapy to increase the absorption and dispersion of other injected drugs. The drug has also been used as an adjunct to nonpharmacologic management of extravasation of selected antineoplastic agents and other irritants. Although hyaluronidase does not have a Food and Drug Administration indication for dextrose extravasation, literature has shown improved outcomes for other hyperosmolar substances. Hyaluronidase was used by injecting 0.2 mL (150 U/1 mL) with a 25-gauge needle at 5 different sites along the leading edge of erythema. The patient's symptoms improved, and there were no complications noted at follow-up at 48 hours and at 6 months. The use of hyaluronidase should be considered for the management of dextrose extravasations and other extravasations.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase for the management of dextrose extravasation. 2015 11

Four case reports describing our experience with clinical course and management of paclitaxel extravasation are presented. Local reactions included swelling, mild pain, erythema, induration and hyperpigmentation, but no ulceration. Two patients were treated with cooling only while two further patients received additional hyaluronidase injections subcutaneously. The latter patients suffered longer from symptoms. Local reaction resolved within two weeks and paclitaxel treatment was continued in 3 of 4 patients without further complications. Overall, paclitaxel extravasation induced only mild soft tissue reaction and cooling should be considered standard treatment.
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PMID:Clinical course and management of paclitaxel extravasation. 2159 93

In minor cases, contrast extravasation may cause pain, swelling, and localized erythema. However, in more severe cases, extensive tissue and skin necrosis, ulceration, and compartment syndrome may occur, often necessitating a surgical consultation. Hyaluronidase has been used successfully in the management of extravasated contrast media in several reports. In addition, recombinant human hyaluronidase is approved for use as an adjunct in subcutaneous urography for improving resorption of radiopaque agents. In this case, a 57-year-old white female admitted for a chronic obstructive pulmonary disease exacerbation with pneumonitis and hypoxic respiratory failure experienced contrast extravasation during a computed tomographic scan of her chest. Approximately 100 mL of iodinated contrast extravasated into the right antecubital fossa, infiltrating approximately the distal two-thirds of the upper arm. Five 150-U vials of recombinant human hyaluronidase were injected in 150-U aliquots in a circle around the extravasation site using a 27-gauge needle 1 hour after the extravasation occurred. In a follow-up 4 hours later, marked improvement was observed. Sixteen hours after hyaluronidase treatment, the tissue had reverted to a near-normal state with no pain, erythema, swelling, or tenderness noted. Hyaluronidase successfully treated this extravasation of a large volume of iodinated contrast and appears to be a reasonable treatment option for more extensive subcutaneous contrast media extravasations.
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PMID:Extravasation of contrast media managed with recombinant human hyaluronidase. 2263 26

Follicular mucinosis is recognized as one of the histopathological reaction patterns characterized by the accumulation of mucin within follicular epithelium. It is induced by various causes including inflammatory diseases, and more than half of the cases are associated with malignant lymphoma, mainly mycosis fungoides. Herein, we describe the third documented case of adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) accompanying follicular mucinosis. A 72-year-old Japanese male presented with persistent erythema in his arm and neck. Laboratory tests demonstrated positivity for human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV)-1 antibodies. Histopathological study of the biopsy specimen from the neck revealed superficial perivascular, nodular, and intrafollicular lymphocytic infiltrations. These lymphocytes were small- to medium-sized and had convoluted nuclei. Mucoid material deposition was observed within the hair follicles, and it was digested by hyaluronidase. Immunohistochemically, these lymphocytes were positive for CD3, CD4, CD25, and Foxp3. Accordingly, an ultimate diagnosis of ATLL accompanying follicular mucinosis was made. The skin is the most common extralymphatic site of involvement of ATLL. The present case clearly demonstrated that albeit extremely rare, ATLL can cause follicular mucinosis. Therefore, ATLL should be included in the differential diagnostic consideration of follicular mucinosis.
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PMID:Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma accompanying follicular mucinosis: a case report with review of the literature. 2429 93


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