Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A solid-phase assay for detecting the binding of cartilage proteoglycan (PG) to hyaluronic acid (HA) is described. In the assay, HA is immobilized on protamine-treated microtiter wells, the wells are incubated with PG monomer and antibody to PG monomer, and then an ELISA system is used to detect binding of the PG to HA. The specificity of the assay is indicated by the failure to detect PG binding to chondroitin sulfate or albumin-coated microtiter wells, the absence of binding with tryptic fragments of PG monomer other than the HA-binding segment, the loss of binding after reduction and alkylation of PG monomer, and the inhibition of binding by preincubation of PG monomer with small amounts of HA. In contrast to the HA-PG interaction in solution, hyaluronidase digestion of HA does not affect its ability to inhibit the reaction of PG monomer with immobilized HA. The microtiter well-based assay appears to be a rapid, simple, and potentially versatile method for studying interactions with HA.
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PMID:A solid-phase immunoassay for the binding of cartilage proteoglycan to hyaluronic acid. 357 71

We undertook studies in the isolated perfused rat lung to determine 1) the effects of endothelial charge neutralization with the polycation protamine sulfate on microvascular permeability, lung water, and anionic ferritin binding to the endothelium and 2) the role of heparan sulfate and hyaluronate, negatively charged cell surface glycosaminoglycans, on permeability. Capillary permeability was determined by tissue 125I-albumin accumulation in isolated perfused rat lungs. In control lungs the 5-min albumin uptake was 0.50 +/- 0.05 cm3.s-1.g dry tissue-1 X 10(-3). It was increased by 132 +/- 7.8% (P less than 0.001) by protamine (0.08 mg/ml) and 65 +/- 12% (P less than 0.01) by heparinase (5 U/ml), whereas hyaluronidase (25 NFU/ml) was without effect. In control lungs total water was 4.83 +/- 0.15 ml g/dry tissue. Protamine increased lung water 12 +/- 2% (P less than 0.05). Heparinase caused a 9 +/- 3% increase (P less than 0.05), and hyaluronidase had no effect. Electron microscopy demonstrated that protamine increased anionic ferritin binding to the surface of endothelial cells. We conclude that protamine sulfate neutralization of negative charge in the pulmonary microcirculation leads to increased microvascular permeability. Heparin sulfate may be responsible for this charge effect.
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PMID:Effects of protamine, heparinase, and hyaluronidase on endothelial permeability and surface charge. 369 32

Hyaluronic acid, a principal glycosaminoglycan of the cardiac interstitium, may have a role in interstitial hydration, interstitial plasma protein exclusion and microvascular transport process (Wiederhielm, 1976b). We have investigated whether hyaluronidase reduces myocardial hyaluronate concentrations and thereby alters these several physical aspects in the isolated rat heart. Studies were conducted in ischemic, as well as aerobic hearts because of the reported therapeutic efficacy of the enzyme in myocardial ischemia. Two hours of perfusion with hyaluronidase significantly reduced myocardial hyaluronate content. Additionally, hyaluronidase decreased interstitial volume of both aerobic and otherwise edematous ischemic hearts, and prevented ischemic induced increased coronary vascular resistance in ischemic hearts. However, hyaluronidase did not effect the albumin interstitial exclusion volume or microvascular albumin and sorbitol exchange in aerobic hearts. In ischemic hearts, the enzyme did not prevent nor enhance the increase in microvascular permeability which occurred. We conclude that hyaluronate is neither a determinant of interstitial protein exclusion nor microvascular permeability, but plays an important role in interstitial hydration.
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PMID:The effects of hyaluronidase on interstitial hydration, plasma protein exclusion, and microvascular permeability in the isolated perfused rat heart. 391 Oct 32

A method was developed for obtaining direct chromosome preparations from SENCAR mouse skin tumors induced by chemical carcinogenesis protocols. Papillomas and squamous cell carcinomas were mechanically dispersed immediately after resection and were placed in a modified Hanks' solution with collagenase, trypsin, hyaluronidase, bovine albumin, and Colcemid. Total exposure to Colcemid did not exceed 1 hr. Metaphases were obtained in 100% of the analyzed specimens, allowing chromosome counting screening for double minutes and, in 50% of the cases, useful G-banded slides. The technique described has produced, for this type of tumor, a higher number of successful G-banded preparations than other previously reported methods for solid tumors. This procedure may be applicable for the study of human solid tumors that are histologically similar to our murine model, such as squamous cell carcinoma of cervix or lung.
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PMID:A direct cytogenetic technique for mouse skin carcinomas and papillomas. 394 63

The aim of the present investigation was to define whether multisite subcutaneous (s.c.) administration in unanesthetized, unrestrained rabbits of human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 (rec. IFN-alpha 2) either in saline, human albumin (ALB) solution (4, 7 and 10% final concentrations), or in a solution containing 75 U of hyaluronidase, modified the pharmacokinetic parameters calculated from the IFN plasma levels. Plasma disappearance rates of rec. IFN-alpha 2 were measured in rabbits after intravenous (i.v.) administration and the kinetic was adequately represented by a three-pools mammillary model. This model was the basis for evaluating the absorption and distribution of rec. IFN-alpha 2 after s.c. administration. The increase of ALB concentration (from 4 to 10%) caused a significant reduction of the plasma IFN Cmax while both the mean residence time and the release time of IFN increased linearly with the ALB concentration. The data support the postulation that s.c. administration of albumin acts as an interstitial fluid expander and may favour absorption of IFN via lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. Improvement of therapeutic index of IFN by using this route remains to be shown in clinical trials.
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PMID:The lymphatic route--II. Pharmacokinetics of human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 injected with albumin as a retarder in rabbits. 394 53

When human recombinant interferon-alpha 2 diluted in saline was injected s.c. into rabbits, the total amount recovered in thoracic lymph was less than 0.4%. Recoveries increased from 2- to 8-fold if interferon was injected in 4% albumin or with hyaluronidase, respectively. Albumin added to interferon acts as an interstitial fluid expander, thus favoring interferon absorption through lymphatics rather than blood capillaries. This strategy may increase the therapeutic index of interferon.
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PMID:The lymphatic route. 1) Albumin and hyaluronidase modify the normal distribution of interferon in lymph and plasma. 395 96

Effects of hyaluronidase on myocardial water content and distribution, and on coronary vascular hemodynamics and endothelial cell transport function were assessed in isolated rabbit hearts during 3.5 hours of reperfusion after 30 minutes of global, no-flow ischemia. In nonischemic control hearts, perfusion pressure, left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, maximum +dP/dt, and intravascular clearance of radiolabeled albumin remained constant during 5 hours of continuous perfusion, while the mean-transit time and vascular into extravascular space clearance of radiolabeled albumin increased 1.5X and 2.5X baseline, respectively. During reperfusion after 30 minutes of no flow, perfusion pressure increased 53% and interstitial fluid volume increased 2-fold, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure and maximum +dP/dt returned to control levels. The rate of intravascular clearance of radiolabeled albumin decreased 38%, and the mean-transit time and vascular-into-extravascular space clearance of albumin increased approximately 3X and 5X baseline, respectively. Hyaluronidase blocked the ischemia-reperfusion-induced increases in total water content and in interstitial fluid volume and reduced the increases in perfusion pressure and mean-transit time of radiolabeled albumin by 40% and 45%, respectively, but did not prevent the increase in albumin vascular-into-extravascular space clearance and the decrease in albumin clearance from the coronary vasculature. These findings indicate that hyaluronidase does not prevent ischemia-reperfusion-induced increases in albumin permeation of the coronary vasculature, and suggest that its protective effect on ischemic myocardium is mediated, instead, by reducing interstitial edema and vascular resistance.
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PMID:Hyaluronidase does not prevent deterioration of vascular functional integrity during reperfusion after no-flow ischemia in isolated rabbit hearts. 400 93

Suspensions of isolated parenchymal cells were prepared from rat liver by incubation with collagenase and hyaluronidase followed by mechanical treatment. Utilization of 0.15% collagenase together with 0.15% hyaluronidase yielded adequate numbers of cells for experimental purposes. As shown by light and electron microscopy, approximately 75% of the isolated cells retain their structural integrity. The cell suspensions are capable of maintaining endogenous respiration in the presence of 1% albumin for periods of time up to 8 hr. These cell preparations consist almost entirely of parenchymal cells and offer a unique tissue preparation for the study of hepatic metabolism.
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PMID:The enzymatic preparation of isolated intact parenchymal cells from rat liver. 429 45

Using affinity chromatography and enzyme-labelled immunological assays combined with affinity adsorption, we have obtained evidence for the binding of a brain glycoprotein to hyaluronic acid, and on this basis named it hyaluronectin. This binding was inhibited by hyaluronic acid and by the products of its hydrolysis by hyaluronidase from bovine testis, but was not inhibited by other glycosaminoglycans or by monosaccharides. Preparative affinity chromatography of brain acid-soluble proteins produced hyaluronectin in a good degree of purity. Contamination by albumin was less than 1% and the yield was as high as 80%.
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PMID:Characterization and purification from human brain of a hyaluronic acid-binding glycoprotein, hyaluronectin. 616 16

The present electron microscopic study visualizes adherence of Treponema denticola, the most common treponeme of the gingival crevice in man, to human epithelial cells in vitro. The number of organisms adhering to the cells increased with increase in the treponemal concentration from 10(6) cells/ml through 10(8) cells/ml. Epithelial cells immediately after mitosis were particularly rich in treponemes. The number of adsorbing treponemes was reduced after pretreatment of the epithelial cells with hyaluronidase. The epithelial cells showed no predilection site of treponemal attachment. Treponemes attached preferably by their ends. Intracellularity of treponemes was not regularly attained. Treatment with ruthenium red, acidic bovine albumin or hyaluronidase indicted presence of acidic mucopolysaccharides on the treponemal and epithelial cell surface.
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PMID:Attachment of Treponema denticola to cultured human epithelial cells. 658 12


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