Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Vitreous humor from human, bovine, and chicken eyes was analyzed by rotary shadowing to characterize further the supramolecular organization of the gel-like matrix which forms this tissue. Extensive filamentous networks, distinct from collagen fibrils, were found in both human and bovine vitreous but not in chicken vitreous. The networks consisted of branching structures of various diameters, due to variable numbers of hyaluronan molecules being laterally associated with each other and apparently giving rise to a three-dimensional lattice. These networks could be decorated in a specific and regular manner by the hyaluronan-binding region called G1 purified from bovine nasal septum cartilage. The extent of decoration of hyaluronan was dependent on the relative concentration of G1. In the presence of an excess of G1 the networks were destabilized giving rise to individual unbranched hyaluronan chains of varying length that were saturated with G1. One or more globular proteins, as yet uncharacterized, were seen interacting with the hyaluronan networks, often at branch points. These proteins may serve to stabilize the three-dimensional structure of the matrix although highly ordered networks were also observed without globular proteins. Link protein, which also binds to hyaluronan, bound to the networks in a fashion clearly distinct from G1. Neither G1 nor link protein bound directly to human or bovine vitreous collagen fibrils. However, link protein did bind extensively to the glycosaminoglycan coat of chicken vitreous collagen fibrils described previously (D. W. Wright, and R. Mayne J. Ultrastruct. Mol. Struct. Res. 100, 224-234, 1988), while G1 did not. Digestion of the chicken vitreous collagen fibrils with Streptomyces hyaluronidase did not result in the removal of the glycosaminoglycan coat of the collagen fibrils nor did it affect the binding of G1 or link protein to the fibrils, indicating that hyaluronan is not a component of this structure. These studies demonstrate that proteins with specific binding properties can be used as probes to investigate the structure of the native vitreous humor gel from several species and suggest that this method potentially can be used for structural studies of other connective tissue matrices.
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PMID:Mammalian vitreous humor contains networks of hyaluronan molecules: electron microscopic analysis using the hyaluronan-binding region (G1) of aggrecan and link protein. 172 32

Two children with advanced Wilms' tumor and one with extensive nephroblastomatosis showed artifactually elevated white blood cell (WBC) counts due to circulating mucin. Wilms' tumor is known to produce mucin identifiable in serum, urine, and touch imprints. To our knowledge, circulating mucin has not been described in nephroblastomatosis. When patients' blood was mixed with lysing reagent in the Ortho ELT-800, mucin was precipitated by acetic acid; this was confirmed by microscopy. Precipitates were counted as nuclei, producing abnormal WBC counts and histograms. When measured by the Ortho ELT-8/ws using osmotic lysis, the WBC counts matched hemocytometer counts. Mucin was not seen on Wright-stained smears but was evident with alcian blue staining and was largely abolished by hyaluronidase. Treatment led to disappearance of the artifactual WBC elevation.
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PMID:Circulating mucin in Wilms' tumor and nephroblastomatosis. Effect on leukocyte counts. 245 92

Noninbred Sprague-Dawley rats were maintained on a choline-deficient diet containing 0.05% ethionine. After 10-13 weeks, livers were dispersed with collagenase, lysozyme, collagenase and hyaluronidase. Pronase, or a selected batch of trypsin. The highest yield of cells with histochemically demonstrable gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT) was obtained with trypsin. After velocity sedimentation in an isokinetic gradient of Ficoll in tissue culture medium, two modal populations of cells with histochemically demonstrable GGT were observed. The first mode contained cells that were morphologically different from hepatocytes and that may be oval cells. The second, more rapidly sedimenting modal population of cells with GGT was morphologically similar to hepatocytes as assessed with Wright's stain; the location of this population in the gradient was the same as the location of cells with the appearance of hepatocytes that lacked iron and that had decreased glucose 6-phosphatase. In multiple experiments, the purest fractions contained 71.7 +/- 3.5% cells (mean +/- SD) with the appearance of hepatocytes with histochemically demonstrable GGT.
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PMID:Separation of two populations of cells with gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase from carcinogen-treated rat liver. 611 83

Differential leukocyte counts on noninflammatory synovial fluids (NISF) are not widely reported or used in research, apparently due to technical difficulties related to either high viscosity or low numbers of cells. We describe an evaluation of a technique using hyaluronidase and cytospin preparations to study NISF. Twenty-three consecutive synovial fluids (SF) with less than 2,000 white blood cells (WBC)/mm3 were studied either by the usual smear of a single drop or by adding two drops of hyaluronidase (150 USP units/ml) to 0.25 cc of SF and cytocentrifuging at 800 rpm for 10 min. Both preparations were stained with Wright's stain. Cytospin preparations gave better morphology, and in 22/23 specimens we could count 100 cells on one slide. Smeared preparations gave dark cells and required 2-3 slides to count 100 cells. Differential counts on the cytospin preparations consistently showed higher percentages of monocytes, suggesting that these cells were underdetected and misinterpreted as lymphocytes on the routine smears. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) were significantly less frequent (P 0.005) in osteoarthritis (OA) fluids than in the other diseases with NISF. Relatively more PMN may suggest consideration of a diagnosis other than OA. Cytospin preparations of hyaluronidase-treated NISF may open up an important area for investigation of the role of SF cells in less inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Processing of noninflammatory synovial fluids with hyaluronidase for cytospin preparations improves the accuracy of differential counts. 1078 50