Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The changes in the weight, histology and biochemical composition of the epididymis (caput, corpus and cauda segments) in prepuberal rabbit and rhesus monkey in response to testosterone treatment were investigated. The increase in the weight of the organ was accompanied by increased levels of RNA and DNA. Androgen therapy caused an increase in the concentration of sialic acid, phospholipids and glycerylphosphorylcholine and activities of alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase and hyaluronidase. The cauda region of the epididymis exhibited relatively higher levels of sialic acid and glycerylphosphorylcholine. These findings are discussed in relation to the functional maturation of the organ and the role of androgen in this process.
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PMID:Functional maturation of the epididymis in rabbit and rhesus monkey. 2 35

Epithelial cells from the epididymis were released by digesting the chopped epididymis with pronase followed by collagenase plus hyaluronidase. The epithelial cells were further separated from contaminating cell types by differential centrifugation and sedimentation at unit gravity through a gradient of sucrose in Ringer. The isolated cells remained viable as judged by the exclusion of trypan blue. The cells respired in the presence of glucose and the rate of respiration was not altered by the subsequent addition of pyruvate.
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PMID:The isolation of epithelial cells from the rat epididymis. 17 76

The effects of castration and testosterone replacement therapy on the histology and biochemical composition (RNA, DNA, total protein, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, hyaluronidase, sialic acid, glycogen, phospholipids, and glycerylphosphorylcholine [GPC]) of the epididymis of the rabbit and rhesus monkey were investigated. Castration produced marked ponderal, histologic, and biochemical changes in the epididymis. In the androgen-deficient state the tubular diameter and epithelial cell height were reduced and there was an increase in interbular stroma. The levels of RNA, DNA, phospholipids, and GPC were also reduced in castrated animals. Testosterone treatment restored the histologic features and the levels of various biochemical constituents to a great extent but not to the intact control level. The importance of endocrine and exocrine factors of the testis in relation to epididymal function is discussed.
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PMID:Androgenic control of epididymal function in rhesus monkey and rabbit. 40 58

The serum concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, and estradiol and the enzymatic activities of hyaluronidase, glucosidases (alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-galactosidase), lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes (LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH-X, LDH4), and total proteins were measured in the semen of 69 subjects (8 normozoospermic controls, 7 secretory, and 54 excretory azoospermic subjects). FSH levels rose with the deterioration in spermatogenesis and served to differentiate the secretory from the excretory azoospermias. The only source of hyaluronidase and LDH-X in the ejaculate is the spermatozoa. alpha-Glucosidase activity essentially originates in the epididymis. The seminal determination of alpha-glucosidase and, to a lesser extent, alpha-mannosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase helps rapidly, sensitivity, reliably, and noninvasively to differentiate secretory azoospermias (with higher enzymatic activity) from the excretory type (less enzymatic activity) and may be of use in identifying with a certain degree of reliability the site of obstruction in the male genital tract.
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PMID:Enzyme and hormonal markers in the differential diagnosis of human azoospermia. 153 Mar 67

Flutamide, a pure antiandrogen, increases the levels of plasma luteinizing hormone but antagonizes the biological expression of androgen on target organs. Flutamide was administered to rats to study the effect of altered availability of hormones on the functional status of epididymis. The weights of ventral prostate, seminal vesicles and epididymis showed antiandrogenic effects of flutamide. However, increased activity of kidney beta-glucuronidase reflected increased availability of testosterone. The concentrations of protein and DNA along with the activities of acid phosphatase and hyaluronidase decreased in flutamide-treated rats. The activities of acid phosphatase and hyaluronidase in epididymal sperms along with protein concentration increased in flutamide-treated rats. Alteration of epididymal function by treatments affecting lysosomal stability was indicated.
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PMID:Effect of flutamide on the physiological status of epididymis and epididymal sperms. 160

It is the purpose of this study to determine the effects of Zn deficiency on the biochemical composition of testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of rabbits. An attempt is made to evaluate previous physiological studies and to correlate them with biochemical changes. 30 mature male Balady rabbits were used in this study. 1 group was fed a Zn-deficient diet, and 2 control groups were pair-fed or fed ad libitum a Zn-sufficient diet, all for a period of 120 d. There was significant reduction in the levels of hyaluronidase, alkaline phosphatase, acid phosphatase, lactic dehydrogenase, sialic acid, protein, and Zn of both testes and epididymis of Zn-deficient rabbits. Reduction in the level of glyceryl-phosphoryl choline in the epididymis of Zn-deficient rabbits was the best indicator of inhibition of epididymal secretory activity. In contrast, the cholesterol and glycogen contents of the testes were elevated. The results also showed in Zn-deficient rabbits significant reduction in androgen-sensitive parameters, namely fructose and citric acid in the seminal vesicle. Zn levels were decreased in the seminal vesicle. The results indicated that Zn deficiency caused inhibition of testicular, epididymal, and seminal vesicle function and, consequently, caused reductions in the biochemical composition of these organs.
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PMID:Response of testes, epididymis, and seminal vesicle of rabbits to zinc deficiency. 178 25

Acrosin and hyaluronidase demonstrated different release patterns following treatment of living spermatozoa with the Ca2+-ionophore A 23187. One hour after the acrosomal reaction about 50% of the acrosin was still associated with the spermatozoal membranes, while hyaluronidase could no longer be detected in the spermatozoal remnants. Strong fixation conditions with acrolein and glutaraldehyde were used to prevent redistribution and leakage of these sperm proteins. Lost antigenicity was restored with sodium-borohydride and pronase E treatment. Immunofluorescent localization showed hyaluronidase to be confined to the anterior portion of the acrosome. Acrosin was localized throughout the entire acrosome including the equatorial segment. By immunoelectron microscopy, hyaluronidase was exclusively found in the acrosomal matrix. The equatorial segment was devoid of hyaluronidase. Acrosin was found in the acrosomal matrix as well as on the outer acrosomal membrane. Furthermore, labeling for acrosin in the equatorial segment was clearly demonstrated. Localization of hyaluronidase was the same for epididymal and ejaculated sperm cells but in approximately 70% of the epididymal spermatozoa acrosin could not be detected in the equatorial segment. In most of these epididymal cells acrosin was confined to the anterior part of the acrosome comparable with hyaluronidase. These observations support the motion that the appearance of acrosin in the equatorial segment is part of the maturation process during passage through the epididymis.
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PMID:Immunocytochemical localization of acrosin and hyaluronidase in epididymal and ejaculated porcine spermatozoa. 392 82

Goat spermatozoal hyaluronidase and acrosin show significantly increased activities during transition from caput to cauda epididymis. The activity of alkaline phosphatase decreases during spermatozoal transport through epididymis.
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PMID:Biochemical changes in some acrosomal enzymes of spermatozoa during maturation. 396 40

Removal of cumulus may increase the chance of fertilization in patients with sperm antibodies, may facilitate fertilization in vitro with a small number of spermatozoa, and is necessary for microsurgical injection procedures in vitro. The aim of this study was to establish whether removal of the cumulus has any detrimental effects on the fertilization rate and embryo viability. Removal of cumulus cells from the human oocyte with bovine testicular hyaluronidase did not interfere with fertilization, early embryonic development, or pregnancy. This suggests that human spermatozoa can spontaneously undergo capacitation and fertilize oocytes in vitro in a chemically defined medium containing 10% preovulatory human serum. In three patients with low-quality semen, removal of the cumulus and the addition of hypotaurine and epinephrine apparently did not improve the motility nor the fertilizing capacity of the spermatozoa. Delayed fertilization and cleavage arrest was observed in one patient when spermatozoa obtained from the body region of the epididymis was used for insemination.
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PMID:Removal of the cumulus oophorus from the human oocyte for in vitro fertilization. 396 84

Plasma membranes of boar sperm from caput, corpus and cauda of the epididymis were purified by differential- and sucrose-density equilibrium centrifugation and were found to yield a single band at a density of 1.13 g/cm3. This fraction was enriched in acid and alkaline phosphatase, 5'-nucleotidase and (Na+ + K+)-ATPase activities, whereas it contained minimal amounts of hyaluronidase and N-acetylglucosaminidase and no succinic acid dehydrogenase activities. The plasma membrane of caput, corpus and cauda sperm had the same phospholipid/protein and cholesterol/phospholipid ratios but yielded different amounts of protein and individual lipid classes. Several changes in the plasma membrane were observed during transit of sperm through the epididymis. Within the phospholipid class a decrease in the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylinositol was detected accompanied by an increase in amount of phosphatidylcholine, sphingomyelin and polyphosphoinositides. In the other lipid classes there was a decrease in the amount of free fatty acid and the major glycolipid. The amount of cholesterol decreased, while the amount of desmosterol and cholesterol sulfate increased. There was an increase in the amount of diacylglycerol. In addition, the changes in the fatty acid composition of the total membrane lipid and each phospholipid were determined. The above changes in the lipid composition of the plasma membrane during epididymal maturation may help to explain the decreased resistance to cold shock and changes in membrane fluidity of sperm during transit in the epididymis.
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PMID:Changes in the lipid content of boar sperm plasma membranes during epididymal maturation. 399 37


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