Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

An autopsy case of diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a young woman who showed a high serum level of CA125 is reported. Autopsy revealed extensive tumor involvement of the visceral and parietal peritoneum. The liver, spleen and other abdominal viscera were encased by tumor nodules. Histologically, the polygonal tumor cells were arranged mostly in a sheet-like fashion with a few tubular or papillary forms. No PAS reaction-positive mucin was recognized, but there was a strongly positive colloidal iron reaction. The colloidal iron positivity was effaced after combined treatment with hyaluronidase and sialidase. Immunohistochemically the tumor cells showed strongly positive reactions for CA125, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA) and cytokeratin, weak positivity for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and focal positivity for vimentin. Ultrastructurally, the most characteristic feature was the expression of numerous long microvilli projecting from the tumor cell surfaces and abundant long desmosomes between the tumor cells. We consider that pretreatment using a combination of hyaluronidase and sialidase might be useful for the diagnosis of malignant mesothelioma. CA125 staining should be performed routinely in cases where this tumor is suspected.
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PMID:Diffuse malignant peritoneal mesothelioma in a young woman with a high serum level of CA125. 171 Apr 13

A case of a malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis is presented. The patient with an intrascrotal mass was a 32-year-old Japanese male who had no history of asbestos exposure. The tumor was located on the surface of the right testis and was composed of columnar to polygonal cells with glandular and papillary structures. It showed many mitoses and focal invasion of the tunica albuginea. The tumor cells contained alcian blue- and Hale's colloidal iron-positive, hyaluronidase-digestible materials. Immunohistochemical stains for cytokeratin and vimentin were positive, while those for carcinoembryonic antigen, epithelial membrane antigen, Leu-M1, and factor VIII-related antigen were negative. The systemic examinations revealed no other tumors. Based on these findings the tumor was diagnosed as malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis. The differential diagnosis is discussed under the histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical points of view and the previous literature is reviewed.
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PMID:Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis. 228 93

This study was undertaken to evaluate the relative utility of histochemical and immunohistochemical stains in diagnosing malignant mesothelioma of the thorax. We performed a battery of histochemical stains, including periodic acid Schiff (PAS) with and without diastase, mucicarmine, colloidal iron (Coll Fe) with and without hyaluronidase, and immunohistochemical stains for keratin and carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) on 12 pleural mesothelioma specimens obtained from 11 patients, five primary pulmonary adenocarcinomas, and one metastatic adenocarcinoma each to pleura and pericardium. All diagnoses were established by autopsy or thorough clinical and surgical evaluation. The diagnosis of mesothelioma was established following rigid anatomic criteria. All tissue was formalin fixed and paraffin embedded. Commercially available reagents and antisera were used in all cases. Results showed a high rate of positivity for keratin and hyaluronidase-sensitive Coll Fe in the mesotheliomas while adenocarcinomas were uniformly positive for CEA and keratin and generally positive for PAS-D (diastase) and mucicarmine. Mesotheliomas were negative for CEA, mucin, and PAS-D. Positive keratin staining was also seen in the spindle cell components of mesotheliomas. Immunohistochemical stains often added significantly to our ability to establish the diagnosis of mesothelioma with confidence, since they were more frequently and more clearly positive than histochemical stains.
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PMID:Diagnostic histochemical and immunohistochemical studies in malignant mesothelioma. 243 7

Malignant mesothelioma in infancy has rarely been reported in the literature. A 19-month-old female infant with massive malignant epithelial mesothelioma of the pleura underwent postmortem examination. Histochemical study confirmed the diagnosis by revealing acid mucosubstance in the tumor, which was removed by hyaluronidase. The tumor cell had clear cytoplasm that was positive for periodic acid-Schiff staining, which could be totally abolished by diastase. This correlated well with the electron microscopic finding that there had been massive accumulation of glycogen in the cytoplasm. There was no information about environmental exposure to asbestos.
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PMID:Malignant mesothelioma in infancy. 265 Jun 54

The cytologic features of malignant mesothelioma cells in serous effusions are presented. Carcinomatous mesotheliomas are characterized by abundant neoplastic cells occurring singly and in clusters. The optically dense cytoplasm with lacy peripheral vacuoles, scalloped borders of cell clusters, intercellular spaces, "cell-in-cell" arrangement, and frequent multinucleation of cells are features of malignant mesothelioma, but none is pathognomonic of this tumor. A positive cytoplasmic staining of tumor cells with periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) after diastase digestion, and with mucicarmine stain after hyaluronidase treatment are against the diagnosis of mesothelioma, while positive staining with alcian blue, which becomes negative after the treatment with hyaluronidase is strongly suggestive of mesothelioma. The tumor cells react with antibodies to cytokeratin and vimentin, and do not react with carcinoembryonic antigen. Ultrastructurally, mesothelioma cells are characterized by long slender branching microvilli and numerous pinocytotic vesicles. They lack mucin vacuoles and intracellular lumens. An accurate diagnosis of mesothelioma depends on a full knowledge of the clinical history and radiologic findings, and proper application of histochemical, immunodiagnostic, and electron microscopic techniques.
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PMID:The cytologic diagnosis of mesothelioma. 361 23

A high-performance liquid chromatographic technique, using a size exclusion column (TSK-5000PW), has been developed for the quantification of hyaluronic acid (HA) in pleural and peritoneal effusions. Sample preparation requires only a 100-fold dilution of the exudate with phosphate buffer prior to analysis. Chromatographic conditions are: 0.05 M phosphate buffer (pH, 5.0) mobile phase at a flow rate of 1.0 ml/min, ultraviolet absorbance detection at 200 nm. The method resolves HA from all other glycosaminoglycans. The presence of HA is confirmed by the removal of the HA peak (retention time, approx. 5.3 min) by incubation of a second sample aliquot with hyaluronidase. Effusions of 13 of 14 patients with confirmed malignant mesothelioma contained HA in the 0.3 to 11.1 mg/ml range. In only one case was no HA detected. None of the effusions from 56 control patients with various other primary tumors contained detectable HA, i.e., there were no false positives. An unidentified peak, not susceptible to hyaluronidase appeared in 11% (6 of 56) of the controls. A single mesothelioma case was correctly identified in a group of 10 coded samples. It is suggested that an effusion with an HA concentration greater than 0.25 mg/ml, confirmed by hyaluronidase susceptibility, is an indication of the presence of malignant mesothelioma. The test is simple and rapid, and it is recommended that any effusion of uncertain etiology be screened for the presence of HA.
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PMID:Hyaluronic acid content of effusions as a diagnostic aid for malignant mesothelioma. 397 44

Seventy-five cases of diffuse pleural and/or peritoneal malignant mesothelioma (73 of body cavity fluids and 2 of fine needle aspirates) were studied by cytologic methods. Of the three major histologic varieties of mesothelioma (epithelioid, fibrous and mixed, or biphasic), the epithelioid and biphasic types were associated with four cytomorphologic features useful in the diagnostic evaluation: (1) the presence of abnormal cells, apparently mesothelial, (2) nuclei with subtle malignant features, (3) the presence of cells showing transitional forms from normal to abnormal in the same sample and (4) the presence of large tissue fragments. The fibrous mesotheliomas presented cytologically as sarcomatous neoplasms. Three histochemical reactions were found to be valuable adjuncts to diagnosis in the differentiation of the primary malignancies of the serous membranes from metastatic cancers. These stains were the periodic acid-Schiff, with and without diastase digestion, the Alcian blue, with and without hyaluronidase digestion, and the Van Gieson. The histochemistry was diagnostically useful in 42% of the cases in which the cytomorphologic impression was uncertain or equivocal; it served as an added confirmatory finding in 64% of the cytologically diagnosable mesotheliomas.
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PMID:Malignant mesothelioma. Cytopathology of 75 cases seen in a New Jersey community hospital. 619 32

Six cases of localized benign papillary mesothelioma of peritoneum were retrieved from laboratory files over a 20-year period. One presented because of pain following torsion and the remaining five were incidental findings at operation. Light microscopy showed a delicate papillary stroma covered by a single layer of mesothelial cells. The mesothelial cells often showed punctate periodic acid-Schiff staining of cytoplasm. The brush border and stroma showed alcian blue positive staining which was abrogated by prior incubation with hyaluronidase. Electron microscopy revealed typical features of mesothelial cells with long microvilli, rough endoplasmic reticulum in relation to mitochondria, bundles of microfilaments, and tight junctions. Between cells there was a series of intercommunicating channels containing occasional lymphocytes and debris. These features are compared with nodular mesothelial hyperplasia, malignant mesothelioma and adenomatoid tumours of the genital tract. The necessity to distinguish benign papillary mesothelioma from metastatic carcinoma is stressed and relies on the recognition of their mesothelial origin.
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PMID:Benign papillary mesothelioma of peritoneum: a histological, histochemical and ultrastructural study of six cases. 721 74

Sixteen cases of malignant mesothelioma (13 pleural and 3 peritoneal) are reported. Fifteen cases were autopsied; in one case only biopsy material was available which are studied by electron microscopy. Among the autopsy cases, 12 had had previous biopsies, one had undergone multiple cytological examinations and 2 cases only one cytological examination. It was concluded that clinical signs and symptoms of mesothelioma were not specific and did not allow the diagnosis. For differential diagnosis as between mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma, biopsy seemed to be more reliable that exfoliative cytology. Alcian blue stain after hyaluronidase digestion is a reliable test in the diagnosis of mesothelioma only when alcian blue is positive initially. However, in half of our mesothelioma cases this stain remained negative. Electron microscopic study appeared to be a satisfactory method of differentiating between malignant mesothelioma and metastatic carcinoma.
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PMID:[Malignant mesothelioma. Retrospective study of 16 cases]. 722 10

Hyaluronan-binding sites were demonstrated on the cell surface of three malignant mesothelioma cell lines derived from human tumors using either [3H]hyaluronan or fluorescein-tagged hyaluronan. No hyaluronan-binding activity was observed on normal human mesothelial cells. The absence of hyaluronan receptors on normal human mesothelial cells was not due to a down-regulation by endogenously synthesized hyaluronan, since no binding sites appeared when the cells were cultured under conditions known to suppress hyaluronan synthesis (in starvation medium containing either hydrocortisone or n-butyrate) or to degrade endogenously synthesized hyaluronan (in the presence of Streptomyces or testicular hyaluronidase). The binding of [3H]hyaluronan on mesothelioma cells could be partially inhibited by prior incubation of the cells with trypsin, indicating that the hyaluronan-binding site is a protein. The binding sites on human malignant mesothelioma cells were shown to be saturable with about 54,000 hyaluronan molecules (M(r) 1.4 x 10(6)) bound per cell with a Kd of 0.3 x 10(-9) M. The binding was specific for hyaluronan inasmuch as a number of other macromolecules gave negligible inhibition of the binding. High molecular weight preparations of hyaluronan inhibited the binding more effectively than low molecular weight preparations; hyaluronan oligosaccharides down to a length of six monosaccharide units showed competing activity. The hyaluronan receptor appeared to be related to CD44 (a cell surface glycoprotein previously suggested to function as a hyaluronan receptor) since Hermes-1 monoclonal antibodies which inhibit the binding of hyaluronan to CD44 blocked a major part of the binding of hyaluronan to the mesothelioma cells. However, there was no strict correlation between the hyaluronan-binding activity on the mesothelioma cell lines tested and the levels of CD44 molecules on their cell surface, suggesting that only a subfraction of the CD44 molecules bound hyaluronan or that other hyaluronan-binding proteins also exist on those cells. The presence of hyaluronan receptors on mesothelioma cells, but not on their normal counterparts, may be of importance for the migration of the transformed cells in hyaluronan-enriched matrices and for their ability to form metastases.
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PMID:Hyaluronan receptors are expressed on human malignant mesothelioma cells but not on normal mesothelial cells. 751 23


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