Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The distinction between malignant epithelioid pleural mesothelioma (MEPM) and peripheral adenocarcinoma of the lung with pleural invasion (PAL) continues to represent a diagnostic challenge in selected cases. In order to provide comparative data on histologic, histochemical, and immunohistochemical features of these neoplasms, we analyzed 51 ultrastructurally categorized MEPMs and 52 PALs with the periodic acid-Schiff-diastase (PAS-D), mucicarmine, and colloidal iron stains, and a panel of immunohistologic reagents. Antibodies to cytokeratin, vimentin, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), Leu M1, the B72.3 antigen, blood group isoantigens (BGI), placental alkaline phosphatase, amylase, S100 protein, and Clara cell antigen were used, as applied to paraffin sections with the avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex technique. Ultrastructural studies revealed long, branching microvilli in MEPM cells in all cases, with length-to-diameter ratios (LDR) of 10:1 or more. In contrast, PAL manifested short, nonbranching microvilli with LDR of 8:1 or less. Reactivity with PAS-D and mucicarmine stains was strictly confined to PAL, and hyaluronidase-sensitive colloidal iron-positivity was restricted to MEPM. However, only 63% and 41% of these respective neoplasms demonstrated such histochemical reactivity. Immunohistologic results correlated well with electron microscopic classification. All MEPMs and PALs were reactive for cytokeratin; in addition, the majority of tumors in each group expressed EMA, and a minority were reactive for vimentin. In adenocarcinomas of the lung, Leu M1 was observed in all cases, CEA was apparent in 96%, B72.3 labeled 84%, and BGI were present in 67%; all PALs expressed at least two of these determinants, but none was seen in any mesothelioma. The other markers included in this study also were observed in some PAL cases, but not in MEPM. These findings suggest that immunohistology parallels electron microscopy in efficacy in the diagnostic separation of MEPM and PAL. Using antibodies to Leu M1, CEA, and the B72.3 antigen, reactivity for at least two of these three markers appears to exclude a diagnosis of pleural mesothelioma. The other glycoproteinaceous, oncoplacentofetal, and cytoplasmic antigens we studied can be used to reinforce such a determination, since their distribution is confined to adenocarcinomas.
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PMID:Malignant epithelioid pleural mesothelioma versus peripheral pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a histochemical, ultrastructural, and immunohistologic study of 103 cases. 219 75

We report 20 cases of a peculiar fatty tumor that occurred in 16 female and four male patients who were 14-70 years old (median, 36 years). Most lesions were situated in the subcutis, superficial muscular fascia, or skeletal muscle of the limbs and limb girdles (15), trunk (3), and the head and neck (2). They were 1.5-11 cm in size (median, 4 cm) and usually described as yellow (13 of 15) and encapsulated (13 of 15). Microscopically they were well circumscribed and consisted of nests, strands, and sheets of eosinophilic and vacuolated cells, which contained glycogen and fat droplets, resembling brown fat cells, lipoblasts and chondroblasts. In all cases there was a variable background of mature adipose tissue associated with a prominent, partially fibrinous to hyalinized myxoid matrix that contained acid mucopolysaccharides usually resistant to hyaluronidase digestion. Several cases had foci of serous atrophy, perivascular fibrosis, and small thrombi; two were focally calcified. The lesions stained for S100 protein (11 of 12), vimentin (10 of 11), and CD68 antigen with KP1 (9 of 11); focal staining for keratin was also seen (4 of 11), but none stained for epithelial membrane antigen or actin or with HMB45. Follow-up in 12 cases (median, 9.5 years) revealed no local recurrences or metastases. Despite its deep location and atypical cellular features, the lesion's nonaggressive behavior suggests it is benign and neither a myxoid liposarcoma nor a myxoid chondrosarcoma, with which it is most frequently confused. The presence of glycogen in vacuolated fat cells is similar to brown fat, and the presence of sulfated stromal mucins supports focal chondroid differentiation. Although the pathogenesis remains uncertain, a lipoma with hibernomatous features, myxoid change, chondroid metaplasia, and secondary degenerative features is favored over a lipogranulomatous process.
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PMID:Chondroid lipoma. A unique tumor simulating liposarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma. 821 55

Chordomas of the tip of the tail in 6 ferrets were examined using histopathological, histochemical and immunohistochemical procedures. Histopathologically, round neoplastic cells containing numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles of varying sizes, categorized as "physaliphorous cells", were observed in the amorphous eosinophilic or pale basophilic myxoid stroma. Physaliphorous cells were arranged in lobules and in a "chordoid" or "cobblestone" manner. The neoplasms were diagnosed as benign chordoma without local invasion and metastasis. Histochemically, the cytoplasm of small neoplastic cells was positive for periodic acid-Schiff stain and alcian blue (AB) pH 2.5 and pH 1.0 stains, but negative for hyaluronidase digestion-AB pH 2.5 stain. All neoplastic cells were strongly stained with colloidal ion, negative for high iron diamine AB pH 2.5 and toluidine blue pH 2.5 stains, and positive for Mayer's mucicarmine stain. Immunohistochemistry using antibodies directed against low-molecular-weight cytokeratins (CK18, CK19 and CK20), vimentin and mucin core protein (MUC5AC) revealed that neoplastic cells had both epithelial and mesenchymal elements. The expression of low-molecular-weight cytokeratins suggests that neoplastic cells acquired the properties of glandular epithelial cells and produced epithelial mucus. Furthermore, the expression of cytokeratins, vimentin, S100 protein, brachyury and epithelial membrane antigen indicates that the neoplasms were equivalent to the classic type of human chordoma. Therefore, immunohistochemistry using these antibodies can be useful for the characterization of ferret chordoma.
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PMID:Histochemical and immunohistochemical characterization of chordoma in ferrets. 2564 67