Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

A proposed role for antigen-presenting dermal dendrocytes in the pathogenesis of many dermal inflammatory skin diseases remains speculative. We therefore sought to determine the phenotype and functional characteristics of antigen-presenting cells isolated from normal human dermis. Normal adult human skin was incubated overnight with dispase at 4 degrees C, the epidermis was removed, and the residual dermal preparation was then minced and digested with a mixture of hyaluronidase, collagenase, and DNAase at 37 degrees C, prior to filtration through mesh. Dermal cell suspensions thus obtained were stained using specific monoclonal antibodies, and analysed by fluorescence microscopy or flow cytometry. Mean values were as follows: CD45+ leucocytes 39%, HLA-DR+ cells 39%, Ulex europaeus agglutinin I+ endothelial cells 26%, CD1a+ cells 3.9%, CD11b+ cells 16%, CD11c+ cells 6%. Mitomycin C-treated crude dermal cell suspensions induced allostimulation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in a 7-day culture, as assessed by 3H-TdR incorporation. Depletion of CD1a+ Langerhans-like cells from the dermal cell preparation, by 95, 74 and 90% in three separate experiments using immunomagnetic beads, reduced 3H-TdR incorporation at optimal responder-to-stimulator cell ratios by 90, 64, and 87%, respectively. Our findings suggest that, in normal human dermis, the great majority of the alloantigen-presenting capacity resides in the CD1a+ Langerhans cell-like dendritic antigen-presenting cell population, and not to any great extent in either CD1a- macrophage-like cells, or HLA-DR+ endothelial cells. The relationship of the CD1a+ dermal antigen-presenting cells to the Langerhans cell lineage remains to be determined.
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PMID:Antigen-presenting capacity in normal human dermis is mainly subserved by CD1a+ cells. 754 20

Hyaluronan, a high-molecular-weight glycosaminoglycan of cartilage, is deposited directly into the extracellular space by hyaluronan synthases, while hyaluronan catabolism is mediated by the hyaluronidases. An in vitro cell culture system has been established in which human dermal fibroblasts are induced to undergo chondrogenesis. Here, we describe the differential modulation of the hyaluronidases and the up-regulation of the hyaluronan receptor, CD44, during such chondrogenesis. Dermal fibroblasts, plated in micromass cultures in the presence of lactic acid and staurosporine for 24 h, were then placed in serum-free, chemically defined medium. At 3 days, RNA was extracted and RT-PCR performed using primers for the hyaluronidase genes. Marked increase in HYAL1 expression was observed, with only moderate increases occurring in HYAL2 and HYAL3. No expression of HYAL4 and PH-20, the sperm-associated hyaluronidase, was detected. RNA levels correlated well with changes in hyaluronidase enzyme activity. Finally, greater expression and staining for the hyaluronan receptor, CD44s, the standard form, were detected. Differential expression of the somatic hyaluronidases and CD44-mediated hyaluronan turnover play a critical role in cartilage development from mesenchymal precursors.
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PMID:Hyaluronidases and CD44 undergo differential modulation during chondrogenesis. 1194 87

Changes in extracellular matrix (ECM) are one of many components that contribute to impaired wound healing in aging. This study examined the effect of age on the glycosaminoglycan hyaluronan (HA) in normal and wounded dermis from young (4-6 month-old) and aged (22-24 month-old) mice. HA content and size were similar in the normal dermis of young and aged mice. Dermal explants labeled with [(3)H]-glucosamine showed decreased generation of smaller forms of HA in aged explants relative to young explants. Aged mice exhibited delayed wound repair compared with young mice with the greatest differential at 5 days. Expression of hyaluronan synthase (HAS) 2 and 3, and hyaluronidase (HYAL) 1-3 mRNA in wounds of young and aged mice was similar. There was a trend toward a decreased HYAL protein expression in aged wound dermis, which was accompanied by changes in detectable HYAL activity. Total HA content was similar in young and aged wound dermis. There was significantly less HA in the lower MW range (~250 kDa and smaller) in 5-day wound dermis, but not in 9-day wound dermis, from aged mice relative to young mice. We propose that decreased cleavage of HA is an additional component of impaired dermal wound healing in aging.
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PMID:Cleavage of hyaluronan is impaired in aged dermal wounds. 2302 99

Instances of perioral and labial foreign body reactions to a variety of injectable dermal fillers were selected from the oral and maxillofacial pathology and dermatopathology archives at Pacific Pathology Laboratory of San Diego with the objective being to engender a compilation of histopathologic characteristics that allow the pathologist to identify the inciting materials. All cases of foreign body reactions located in the lips and perioral regions were reviewed by four pathologists, retaining those cases with a history of injection lip augmentation as well as those with histologic features previously documented to represent dermal filler substances. In selected cases, Alcian blue pH 2.5 with and without hyaluronidase pretreatment was performed. Immunohistochemical markers for macrophages (CD 68), adipocytes (S-100) and keratinocytes (AE1/AE2) were undertaken. All instances presented as single or multiple submucosal plaques, nodules or swellings. Natural polymers including collagen, hyaluronate, hydroxyapatite, poly-L-lactate and synthetic polymers including carboxymethyl cellulose, dimethylpolysiloxane, and polyethyl methacrylate induce histologically unique features that allow for their identification. Host histopathologic responses included nodule without foreign body reaction, nodule with chronic inflammation, granuloma with epithelioid histiocytic and multinucleated giant cell reaction. Dermal filler foreign body host reactions in conjunction with the morphology of the foreign materials themselves are unique and can be differentiated from one another microscopically.
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PMID:Lip augmentation dermal filler reactions, histopathologic features. 2352 34

Dermal injection of fillers is a popular and relatively safe aesthetic procedure. Severe complications are rare, but they do occur. One of the most threatening complications after dermal filler injection is skin necrosis due to vascular occlusion. Different treatment options are available, including the use of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO2) therapy. A 46-year-old female received facial dermal filler injections with calcium hydroxylapatite at an aesthetic clinic. A few days after injection she developed a burning pain, numbness of the skin and white discoloration in the injected area. Two days after injection treatment was started with hyaluronidase and warm compresses. In addition, the patient received prednisolone, sildenafil and nifedipine. After the start of these treatments, the pain, numbness and discoloration of the skin persisted. Because of dermal ischemia and to improve healing she was referred for HBO2. Treatment consisted of 10 sessions of 100% oxygen for 90 minutes in a multiplace chamber at 2.5 atmospheres absolute pressure. During HBO2 the discoloration resolved, pain and numbness disappeared, and the tissue healed completely. After a six-month follow-up she had an excellent cosmetic outcome. Given the pathophysiologic mechanisms of vascular complications after dermal filler injection, HBO2 should be considered when treating these complications.
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PMID:Hyperbaric oxygen therapy for dermal ischemia after dermal filler injection with calcium hydroxylapatite: a case report. 3105 Oct 67