Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The present investigation endeavors to characterize the mucosubstance content of 170 myxoid and chondromatous tumors and chordomas by histochemical methods. The results obtained using the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) method as introduced by Scott and co-workers23,24 were compared with those obtained by staining with alcian blue and toluidine blue at different pH's with and without pretreatment with bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Tissues known biochemically to contain different heteroglycans were used as controls: synovial fluid and cock's comb (hyaluronic acid) stained with alcian blue up to a MgCl2 concentration of 0.1 M; fetal cartilage (chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate) pulposus with notochordal remnants (keratan sulphate) up 10 1.0 M. The staining reaction of intramuscular myxoma and myxoid liposarcoma corresponded to that of synovial fluid and cock's comb (containing hyaluronic acid). Benign chondromatous tumors (osteochondroma, enchondroma, extraskeletal chondroma, chondromatosis in bursae, synovia, and tendon) as well as well-differentiated chondrosarcomas had a similar staining reaction to that of adult cartilage (containing keratan sulphate). However, the intensity of the reaction was lower in these tumors than in the adult cartilage, indicating that the keratan sulphate content of the tumors is lower. Most of the moderately well-differentiated chondrosarcomas, the poorly differentiated chondrosarcomas, and pulmonary metastases of chondrosarcoma, as well as mesenchymal chondrosarcoma and extra-skeletal chondrosarcoma possessed the same staining properties as fetal cartilage, known to contain chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate but not keratan sulphate. A few of the moderately well-differentiated chondrosarcomas stained up to a MgCl2 concentration of 1.0 M. Three cases of poorly differentiated chondrosarcomas stained with alcian blue up to 0.35-0.45 M in the lowest differentiated areas, indicating the presence of sulphated heteroglycans, as chondroitin 4- and 6-sulphate. Most chordomas possessed the same staining properties as fetal cartilage; however, a few chordomas stained in the same way as notochordal remnants of nucleus pulposus (containing keratan sulphate), which are thought to be the origin of these tumors. The results of staining of the tumors in the present series with the Scott technique corresponds well with toluidine blue and alcian blue at different pH's with and without pretreatment of the sections with testicular hyaluronidase. Since bone and soft tissue tumors may contain varying mucosubstances depending on the tissue of origin and on differentiation, histochemical investigation of the heteroglycan content of these tumors may be a valuable diagnostic aid.
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PMID:Histochemical characterization of mucosubstances in bone and soft tissue-tumors. 24 81

A murine monoclonal antibody (E10) was made against cultured cartilage cells. The E10 antibody binding is localized to the surface of cultured cartilage cells in suspension and is present in the cytoplasm in paraffin embedded sections. There is no reactivity with cartilage matrix, or with the matrix of cartilaginous tumors. Reactivity is removed by treatment with trypsin and hyaluronidase, but not by treatment with heparinase, neuraminidase, and chondroitinase. Regeneration of E10 antigen after trypsinization takes 48 hours in chondrocytes in tissue culture. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of an E10 immune precipitate of cultured chondrocytes results in two peaks: one at a very high molecular weight and a small fragment at approximately 250 kd. Specificity has been demonstrated by cytofluorometry, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry, in both frozen and paraffin-embedded tissues. Positive reactivity was seen in cultured cartilage cells, chondrocytes in fetal and adult cartilage, chondrosarcomas, and chordomas. Minimal reactivity was found in a chondromyxoid liposarcoma. Acinar cells of salivary and sweat glands and mast cells in various tissues and tumors were also positive. There was no reactivity with other tissues and tumors, including myxoid and mucinous tumors and epithelial tissues.
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PMID:Monoclonal antibody to human cartilage cells and its reactivities to chondrocytic tumors. 206 41

We report 20 cases of a peculiar fatty tumor that occurred in 16 female and four male patients who were 14-70 years old (median, 36 years). Most lesions were situated in the subcutis, superficial muscular fascia, or skeletal muscle of the limbs and limb girdles (15), trunk (3), and the head and neck (2). They were 1.5-11 cm in size (median, 4 cm) and usually described as yellow (13 of 15) and encapsulated (13 of 15). Microscopically they were well circumscribed and consisted of nests, strands, and sheets of eosinophilic and vacuolated cells, which contained glycogen and fat droplets, resembling brown fat cells, lipoblasts and chondroblasts. In all cases there was a variable background of mature adipose tissue associated with a prominent, partially fibrinous to hyalinized myxoid matrix that contained acid mucopolysaccharides usually resistant to hyaluronidase digestion. Several cases had foci of serous atrophy, perivascular fibrosis, and small thrombi; two were focally calcified. The lesions stained for S100 protein (11 of 12), vimentin (10 of 11), and CD68 antigen with KP1 (9 of 11); focal staining for keratin was also seen (4 of 11), but none stained for epithelial membrane antigen or actin or with HMB45. Follow-up in 12 cases (median, 9.5 years) revealed no local recurrences or metastases. Despite its deep location and atypical cellular features, the lesion's nonaggressive behavior suggests it is benign and neither a myxoid liposarcoma nor a myxoid chondrosarcoma, with which it is most frequently confused. The presence of glycogen in vacuolated fat cells is similar to brown fat, and the presence of sulfated stromal mucins supports focal chondroid differentiation. Although the pathogenesis remains uncertain, a lipoma with hibernomatous features, myxoid change, chondroid metaplasia, and secondary degenerative features is favored over a lipogranulomatous process.
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PMID:Chondroid lipoma. A unique tumor simulating liposarcoma and myxoid chondrosarcoma. 821 55

Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma is a rare but distinct entity with special clinicopathological, immunohistochemical, cytogenetical and outcome features. This tumor developed from soft tissues. A few cases have been reported in the head and neck in the literature. We report two new cases of extraskeletal myxoid chrondrosarcoma presenting in such an unusual site: one involved the left nasal cavity of a 67-year-old man and the second the sphenoidal sinus of a 71-year-old woman. The microscopic examination revealed nests of round small cells dispersed in a myxoid stroma. The myxoid material was stained with Alcian Blue with and without hyaluronidase application whereas no PAS staining was observed. The immunohistochemical staining showed reactivity with S-100 protein and vimentin in two cases and with EMA in one case. These results allowed us to exclude other differential diagnoses: soft tissue tumors with a myxoid stroma (myxoma, myxoid liposarcoma and myxofibrosarcoma). No staining with anti-KL1 allowed us to exclude chordoma. Curative surgery was not possible. Both patients were given radiotherapy and the tumor regressed in one.
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PMID:[Extraskeletal myxoid chondrosarcoma of the nasopharynx]. 1290 30

Benign subcutaneous lesions are a common reason that patients visit family physicians. Lipomas are the most common of these lesions; they most often occur on the trunk and proximal extremities. Recent data show that as many as half of the fat cells in lipomas are atypical. Ultrasound is used increasingly to confirm lipoma diagnosis, but deep lesions should be evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging study or computed tomography scan to exclude involvement of underlying structures and/or liposarcoma. Small lesions can sometimes be managed with serial injections of midpotency steroids. Larger lesions (larger than 5 cm), those compressing other structures, or those suspicious for malignancy should be excised using standard surgical excision or, when possible, the newer minimal-scar segmental extraction technique. Ganglion cysts are another common lesion, the presence of which often is confirmed with ultrasound if the diagnosis is not clinically apparent. Management includes splinting, aspiration, and/or injection of steroids, with or without hyaluronidase. Epidermal inclusion cysts, also called sebaceous cysts, typically are asymptomatic unless they become infected. Ultrasound can aid in diagnosis. The only definitive management is surgical excision with complete removal of the cyst wall or capsule, using minimal-scar segmental extraction or conventional surgical removal.
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PMID:Skin conditions: benign nodular skin lesions. 2360 Mar 36