Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The ability to demonstrate AMPS in the trabecular region in the normal eye of the Rhesus monkey was shown to be critically dependent upon technical variation. Staining the fixed specimen prior to dehydration and embedding permits the uniform demonstration of AMPS in the trabecular region of the Rhesus monkey and shows it to be hyaluronidase-sensitive. Electron microscopy using the modified technique shows the reaction products to be present within the trabecular band, the intertrabecular spaces, and the canal of Schlemm. More impressive distribution was seen in the basement membrane of trabecular endothelium intimately related to the cell wall and in the ground substance and basement membrane of the endothelium of the inner wall of the canal Schlemm. The technique is also successful in the human eye and suggests a greater abundance of trabecular AMPS in open-angle glaucoma.
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PMID:Demonstration of acid mucopolysaccharides in the trabecular meshwork of the Rhesus monkey. 4 31

A 68-year-old man died 18 days after the onset of ischemic optic neuropathy caused by histologically proven giant-cell arteritis. On histopathologic study of the eye, ischemic necrosis of the prelaminar and retrolaminar optic nerve was seen, along with the massive presence of acid mucopolysaccharides sensitive to testicular hyaluronidase. This finding was interpreted as an intrusion of vitreal material resulting from breaks in the internal limiting membrane and the pressure gradient from intraocular to extraocular tissues, an analogy to Schnabel degeneration in acute glaucoma.
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PMID:Ischemic papilledema in giant-cell arteritis. Mucopolysaccharide deposition with normal intraocular pressure. 13 44

Chronic as well as acute glaucoma can be induced by corticosteroids. The hypertensive response to the topical corticosteroid test is not genetically determined. The pathogenesis of the corticosteroid glaucoma can be explained by clones of goniocytes, which contain mucopolysaccharides sensitive to hyaluronidase. When these mucopolysaccharides are polymerized, they retain water and when they are depolymerized, they loose water. As the corticosteroid strengthen the lysosomal membranes, the retained catabolising enzymes prevent the catabolism of the mucopolysaccharides, which tend to accumulate in a more polymerized and more hydrophilic form.
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PMID:Corticosteroid glaucoma. 14 29

The anterior chambers in 16 dogs with normotensive eyes and 3 Beagles with glaucomatous eyes were treated with 0, 25, 50, or 100 IU of bovine testicular hyaluronidase. Aqueous outflow resistance was then determined by constant-pressure perfusion of 0.9% NaCl solution for 30 or 60 minutes. In normotensive eyes, 25, 50, or 100 IU of hyaluronidase significantly (P less than 0.02) increased the rate of constant-pressure perfusion compared with that of untreated eyes during 30- or 60-minute perfusions. Treatment of glaucomatous eyes with 25, 50, or 100 IU of hyaluronidase did not significantly increase the rate of constant-pressure perfusion over controls during a 30-minute perfusion. Bovine testicular hyaluronidase at all doses removed the staining of colloidal iron from the trabecular meshwork in normotensive eyes. In Beagles with glaucoma, the trabecular meshworks remained stained with colloidal iron when treated with the hyaluronidase, which suggested that some glycosaminoglycans were resistant to this enzyme's action.
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PMID:Effect of hyaluronidase on aqueous outflow resistance in normotensive and glaucomatous eyes of dogs. 152 4

A 56-year-old man presented with a left ciliary body mass, anterior vitreous hemorrhage and a subluxed, cataractous lens. The clinical course included rapid enlargement of the mass, anterior uveitis, cataract progression and secondary glaucoma. Investigation included fluorescein angiography, ultrasonography and computed tomography. The eye was enucleated because of progressive enlargement with poor vision and uncontrolled secondary glaucoma. Histopathological examination showed an adenoma of the nonpigmented ciliary epithelium with cystic areas of hyaluronidase-sensitive acid mucopolysaccharide. The mass distorted the iris, occluded the angle structures and produced a complete cataract. The basement membrane of the adjacent ciliary processes was extensively thickened. The authors discuss the clinical association with vitreous hemorrhage and the local damage caused by this benign tumour.
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PMID:Adenoma of the nonpigmented epithelium of the ciliary body. 175 17

The acid mucopolysaccharides (AMPs) in the human trabecular meshwork were studied ultrahistochemically with hyaluronidase and chondroitinase ABC digestion in 15 normal eyes and 27 cases of primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). It was found that in normal eyes, hyaluronidase-sensitive AMPs existed in the connective tissue of cribriform meshwork and trabeculae. They could play an important role in regulating the aqueous outflow resistance. In POAG, the amount of AMPs in the trabecular meshwork was increased, leading to increased aqueous outflow resistance through the combination of hyaluronic acid with water, forming electron-dense "plaque" materials in a matrix of chondroitin sulfate.
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PMID:[An ultrahistochemical study of the trabecular meshwork in normal and open-angle glaucomatous eyes]. 214 7

Histopathological changes in the retina and optic nerve in imperfect albino mutant quails with a sex-linked recessive gene were studied ontogenetically. The mutant quail showed eye enlargement 3 months after hatching. The eyes exhibited hazy corneas, lens opacities and deep anterior chambers at 18 months of age. Some ganglion cells in the retina and axons in the optic disc began to degenerate 6 months after hatching. There were many deformed or fragmented ganglion cells at 12 months of age, and axonal degeneration was observed in the optic disc. The optic disc and the retina around it became excavated. At this time, hydropic degeneration was found in the ganglion nerve fibre layer and optic nerve and a small accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharide, which was sensitive to hyaluronidase, was present in the optic disc and optic nerve. The excavation was found to be fully developed around the optic disc at 18 months and most ganglion cells showed degenerative changes. During this period, the inner plexiform and inner nuclear layers showed hydropic degeneration. At 24 months the ganglion cell and ganglion nerve fibre layers had disappeared, the thickness of the inner nuclear layer was reduced and many photoreceptor cells were totally degenerated. The optic nerve was occupied by glial cells, blood vessels and cavernous spaces in which acid mucopolysaccharide accumulated. These histopathological retinal changes in the mutant quail are very similar to those reported in experimentally induced glaucoma of other animal species and to those in human glaucoma. The usefulness of this mutant quail as an animal model for the human disease is discussed.
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PMID:Histopathological changes of the retina and optic nerve in the albino mutant quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica). 647 Feb 27

The ultrastructural study of the corneo-scleral trabeculum in steroid induced glaucoma shows a greater endothelial activity and an increase of the ground substance and of the cytoplasmic organelles, as well as a great sensitivity of the ground substance to hyaluronidase. The morphometric study of the cytoplasmic organelles showed a significant difference between treated and non-treated eyes.
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PMID:Ultrastructural and morphometric study of corticosteroid glaucoma in rabbits. 647 95

Instillation of sodium hyaluronate into the anterior chambers of enucleated human eyes caused a 65% decrease in outflow facility (from 0.33 +/- 0.16 microliters/min/mm Hg to 0.08 +/- 0.02 microliters/min/mm Hg). Vigorous anterior chamber irrigation, performed either immediately or three hours after introduction of the sodium hyaluronate, failed to relieve this obstruction. However, irrigation with hyaluronidase restored the facility values to baseline. Tying limbal or corneal 9-0 nylon sutures (for example, in cataract surgery), followed by instillation of sodium hyaluronate into the anterior chamber and subsequent irrigation, produced an overall decrease of 76% in outflow facility (final outflow values were 0.08 +/- 0.03 microliters/min/mm Hg in eyes with corneal wounds and 0.08 +/- 0.04 microliter/min/mm Hg in eyes with limbal wounds). Postoperative intraocular pressure should be monitored closely when sodium hyaluronate is used in cataract surgery. Irrigating the anterior chamber with balanced salt solution after using sodium hyaluronate does not eliminate the possibility of severe postoperative glaucoma.
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PMID:Obstruction of aqueous outflow by sodium hyaluronate in enucleated human eyes. 684 58

The effect of subconjunctivally injected hyaluronidase on ocular hydrodynamics was tested in 30 living human normal and 30 open-angle glaucoma eyes. It was found that after 1,500 TU of hyaluronidase injected subconjunctivally, the outflow resistance was significantly lowered: 34% in normal eyes, on the average; and by about 57% in the glaucomatous eyes. The possibility of either a higher amount of hyaluronic acid in the glaucomatous eyes or a normal amount of hyaluronic acid in the presence of compromised trabeculum is discussed. Clinical applications and further research are advocated.
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PMID:Effect of subconjunctival injection of hyaluronidase on outflow resistance in normal and in open-angle glaucomatous patients. 718 13


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