Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.36 (hyaluronidase)
 4,606 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The findings are presented of a morphologic, quantitative, cytochemical and cytoenzymologic study of the mononucleated nonlymphoid cells in knee synovial fluids from osteoarthritis and various inflammatory diseases. The morphologic criteria allowed the identification of subtypes, including phagocytic subtypes, among synoviocytic and monocytic cells in the fluids. The quantitative study showed an important afflux of monocytes and a hyperexfoliation of synoviocytes in the inflammatory diseases. In fluids with intermediate cellularity, the ratio of monocytes to synoviocytes allowed the differential cytodiagnosis between osteoarthrosis and arthritis. All monocytic subtypes, especially the phagocytic one, were highly significantly increased in the inflammatory diseases. A lower increase was shown by the synoviocytic subtypes, except the phagocytic one, which was not changed. Giant multinucleated synoviocytes were found in every type of disease and thus do not constitute a cytodiagnostic marker. Alcian blue staining without hyaluronidase treatment showed hyaluronate in only a small percentage of the synoviocytes. Cytoenzymologic study showed that synoviocytes and monocytes were positive for all tested hydrolases (beta glucuronidase, acid phosphatase and alpha naphthyl acetate esterase), with the reactivities always higher in the synoviocytes. The synoviocytes were always negative with peroxidase, so this reaction, although it marks only a minority of the monocytic population, can be used as an extra cytologic criterion for the discrimination of mononucleated cells in synovial fluid. There was no significant quantitative difference at the cellular level between osteoarthrosis and arthritides in the reaction to these four enzymes. The lysosomal enzymatic activity in both monocytic and synoviocytic cells confirmed their heterophagic properties. However, synoviocytic heterophagy seems to be a physiologic process, either little or not affected by inflammatory events. On the other hand, monocytic heterophagy and then the macrophagic transformation of monocytes appears to be a major aspect of intrasynovial inflammatory reactions. The question remains as to why, if a large majority of exfoliated synoviocytes comes from type A synovial-lining cells and if they belong to mononuclear phagocytic system, do they so weakly, or not at all, participate as phagocytes in the inflammatory reaction.
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PMID:Morphologic, quantitative and cytoenzymologic studies of synoviocytic and monocytic cells in synovial fluid. 609 67

This paper describes a morphologic, quantitative, cytochemical study of mononuclear non lymphoid cells in knee synovial fluid in osteoarthritis and various arthritides. Morphologic criteria allow to identify among these cells various synoviocytic and monocytic subtypes with in both types, phagocytic subtypes. Quantitative study shows in arthritides an important afflux of monocytes and a hyperexfoliation of synoviocytes. In fluids with intermediate cellularity, Monocytes/Synoviocytes ratio allows the differential cytodiagnosis between osteoarthrosis and arthritis. All monocytic subtypes and especially the phagocytic one are highly significantly increased in arthritides. Synoviocytic subtypes show a lower increase, except the phagocytic one, which is not changed. Giant multinuclear synoviocytes are found in every type of disease and cannot constitute a cytodiagnosis marker. Alcian Blue and hyaluronidase treatment show hyaluronate in a few percentage of Synoviocytes. Cytoenzymologic study shows that synoviocytes and monocytes are positive in all tested hydrolases: beta Glucuronidase, Acid Phosphatase, alpha Naphthyl Acetate Esterase, these activities being always higher in synoviocytes. With peroxidase, synoviocytes are always negative, so this reaction although it marks only a minority of monocytic population can be used as an extra cytologic criterion for discrimination of mononuclear cells in synovial fluid. In these four enzymes there is no significant quantitative difference at cellular level between osteoarthrosis and arthritides. Lysosomal enzymatic activity in both monocytic and synoviocytic cells confirms their heterophagic properties. However synoviocytic heterophagy seems to be a physiological process not or few affected by inflammatory events. On the opposite, monocytic heterophagy and then macrophagic transformation of monocytes appears as a major aspect of intrasynovial inflammatory reaction. If a large majority of exfoliated synoviocytes comes from A type synovial lining cells and if they belong to Mononuclear Phagocyte System, why do they so weakly, or not, participate as phagocytes to inflammatory reaction.
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PMID:[Non-lymphoid mononucleated cells in the synovial fluid in arthrosis and various inflammatory arthropathies. Morphologic, quantitative and cytoenzymologic study]. 654 71