Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Various oligosaccharides from hyaluronic acid, which have glucuronic acid or N- acetylglucosamine at the nonreducing terminal, were prepared by digestion with a combination of testicular hyaluronidase and beta-glucuronidase. These oligo saccharides were analyzed by negative-mode ion-spray mass spectrometry (MS) with an atmospheric pressure ion source. Introduction of collisionally activated dissociation tandem mass spectrometry (CAD-MS/MS) produced ions derived from cleavage of the glycosidic bonds, allowing the structure to be analyzed. The CAD-MS/MS spectrum showed an intense and characteristic fragment ion at m/z 193 for oligosaccharides having glucuronic acid at the nonreducing terminal. On the other hand, this ion was not observed in the spectra of oligosaccharides having N- acetylglucosamine at the nonreducing terminal. Therefore, the fragmentation pattern revealed by CAD-MS/MS provides useful information for distinguishing glucuronic acid and N- acetylglucosamine at the nonreducing terminal of oligosaccharides derived from hyaluronic acid and other glycosaminoglycans. This ion-spray CAD-MS/MS technique was also applied successfully to the characterization of glycosaminoglycans reconstructed by glycotechnology.
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PMID:Ion-spray mass spectrometry for identification of the nonreducing terminal sugar of glycosaminoglycan. 962 Nov 12

Cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD 2) localization and the cell-specific activity of the eucalyptus CAD 2 promoter were investigated by CAD 2 immunogold localization and promoter beta-glucuronidase (GUS) histochemistry in apical and mature parts of stable transformed poplar (Populus tremula x P. alba) stems. Both CAD 2 protein and GUS activity were found to be confined in the same types of cells in the shoot apices, particularly in the determined meristematic cells in leaf axils and shell zones, procambium and developing tracheids. Within mature stems, CAD 2 and GUS were also identified in cambium and in fully or partially lignified cells derived from it (young xylem, developing phloem fibres, chambered parenchyma cells around phloem). Additionally, GUS activity was found in the scale leaves of apical shoot buds and in the roots (namely in the procambium, cambium, phellogen, young xylem, pericycle) of transformed plants. By employing immunogold cytochemistry, CAD 2 was shown to be localized in the cytoplasm within cambial, ray and young xylem cells in stems, the gold particles being randomly attached to endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi-derived vesicles. These results support a crucial role for CAD 2 in lignification and indicate a new role for this enzyme in branching events within the shoot apex and during lateral root formation.
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PMID:Immunolocalization of cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase 2 (CAD 2) indicates a good correlation with cell-specific activity of CAD 2 promoter in transgenic poplar shoots. 968 67