Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Oral mucosa and skin of older individuals are immunologically less responsive to a range of allergens, but it is not known whether this is due to changes in the number of Langerhans cells or to impaired cell function. EDTA-separated epithelial sheets from the cheek and palate mucosa, and from ear aN< footpad skin of three-month-old and 24-month-old C57BL/6NNia mice were stained for ATPase, beta-glucuronidase activity and Iab-surface antigen to demonstrate Langerhans cells. The general distribution of such cells was unchanged with age, but those in epithelia from the old mice were more varied in shape, with irregular celL bodies and more elongated dendritic processes. The numerical density of Langerhans cells in old mice was reduced by 30-59 per cent compared with that in young mice.
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PMID:Age-associated changes in Langerhans cells of murine oral epithelium and epidermis. 350 59

A technique for the isolation of intact brush borders from rabbit renal cortex was evaluated. The procedure was monitored by phase and electron microscopy and marker enzymes, i.e. ATP:NMN adenylyl transferase, nuclear; cytochrome oxidase, mitochondrial; beta-glucuronidase, lysosomal; and glucose-6-Pase, microsomal; and indicated an essentially pure preparation of brush borders. The disaccharidase, trehalase, previously reported in renal tubules, was localized uniquely in brush borders. Maltase was also found; the specific activities of the two enzymes in the brush borders were increased 10- to 20-fold. Other disaccharidases, such as sucrase, isomaltase, lactase, and cellobiase, were absent. It is suggested that trehalase and maltase are appropriate candidates for marker enzymes of the renal brush border. Isolated brush borders possessed a ouabain-sensitive (Na(+) + K(+)) ATPase, an oligomycin-insensitive Mg(++) ATPase, and a Ca(++)-activated ATPase. Alkaline phosphatases, dephosphorylating beta-glycero-P, and trehalose-6-P were also present. The specific activities of these enzymes were increased three-to-five fold in the brush-border preparations; however, activities were found in other subcellular fractions of the renal cortex. Hexokinase, although evident in the isolated brush border, was found prominently associated with other membranous fractions. Phosphoglucomutase and UDPG pyrophosphorylase were localized in the soluble fraction of the renal cortex.
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PMID:Isolation and biochemical characterization of brush borders from rabbit kidney. 425 Jun 12

The pattern of activity of certain membrane-associated enzymes was followed in the erythrocytes of Plasmodium berghei-infected Mastomys natalensis. Parasitized erythrocytes were separated from non-parasitized populations by percoll-density gradient centrifugation. The activity of adenylate cyclase was markedly increased while those of ATPase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase were considerably decreased in the membrane preparations of parasitized erythrocytes as compared to normal erythrocytes. There was a decrease in the activity of ATPase and an increase of adenylate cyclase in the membrane preparations of non-parasitized erythrocytes. However, other enzymes did not alter to a significant extent in non-parasitized erythrocytes. Chloroquine (in vitro) stimulated adenylate cyclase, Na+, K+-ATPase and Ca++Mg++-ATPase while acetylcholinesterase was significantly inhibited.
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PMID:Erythrocyte membrane-bound enzymes in Mastomys natalensis during Plasmodium berghei infection. 608 78

The effects of levamisole (LT), dexamisole (DT), levo-p-bromotetramisole (LBT) and dextro-p-bromotetramisole (DBT) on bone were examined in an organ culture system using calvarial bones from newborn mice. LBT and DBT at concentrations 30 microM and greater and LT and DT at concentrations 100 microM and greater caused a dose-dependent, reversible inhibitory effect on mineral mobilization and matrix degradation. LBT, DBT (100 and 300 microM) as well as LT and DT (greater than or equal to 100 microM) reduced the spontaneous release of beta-glucuronidase without having any marked effect on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). LT and DT did not influence protein synthesis but LBT and LBT were inhibitory in concentrations at and above 100 microM. Mitotic activity, as assessed by incorporation of [3H]thymidine, was inhibited by LBT and DBT (0.1, 1 mM). LT and LBT caused a stereospecific inhibition of GPase, PPiase and ATPase. It is concluded that tetramisoles are potent, non-stereospecific inhibitors of bone resorption in vitro.
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PMID:Effect of levamisole on bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria. 609 9

The effects of repeated intraperitoneal administration of aflatoxin B1 on the peripheral and central nervous systems of rats were investigated. Biochemical markers of neurotoxicity were monitored in nervous tissues following aflatoxin B1 dosage and after the cessation of aflatoxin B1 administration. Aflatoxin B1 increased the activities of beta-glucuronidase and beta-galactosidase in the central and peripheral nervous systems. Repeated exposure of rats to aflatoxin B1 also activated Na+ K+-ATPase and inhibited Mg2+-ATPase. Nervous tissue levels of DNA and total protein increased while the concentrations of RNA and phospholipid were depressed by aflatoxin B1. The alterations in these parameters were specific for each of the tissues examined during the recovery of the rats. The findings indicate that the repeated administration of aflatoxin B1 to rats results in degeneration in the central and peripheral nervous systems that may be related to the overt toxicity observed following aflatoxin administration.
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PMID:The neurotoxicity of aflatoxin B1 in the rat. 613 86

The subcellular distribution of cytochrome b and ubiquinone in resting human neutrophils was investigated by rate zonal sedimentation of postnuclear supernatants on continuous sucrose gradients. Both cytochrome b and ubiquinone were mainly localized in small organelles, tertiary granules, that were resolved from the specific and azurophilic granules as well as from the cell membrane fraction. This cytochrome b- and ubiquinone-rich granule was shown to contain dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCCD)-sensitive, Mg2+-dependent ATPase as well as low amounts, less than a third, of the acid hydrolases beta-glucuronidase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase. Cytochrome b was also found in smaller proportions in plasma membranes and specific granules. A significant proportion of the ubiquinone was located in the region of the gradients where specific granules and mitochondria sedimented. However, quantitative measurements of oligomycin-sensitive ATPase indicated that this second localization of ubiquinone could not be entirely attributed to mitochondrial contamination. Plasma membrane contained small amounts of ubiquinone. In addition, the existence and location of a putative proton pump ATPase were also investigated. The ATPase was mainly located in the plasma membrane and in the upper half of the gradients (tertiary and specific granules), with the highest specific activity occurring in the tertiary granules. This activity was inhibited by 100 microM DCCD. Furthermore, ATP-dependent uptake of [14C]methylamine by tertiary and specific granules was observed. These results suggest that the DCCD-sensitive ATPase may function as a proton pump. DCCD inhibited the release of enzymes from specific granules that occurred when human neutrophils were activated by phorbol myristate acetate. However, higher concentrations of DCCD were required to achieve the same degree of inhibition of O2 uptake (I50 of 0.4 mM for secretion versus 1 mM for O2 uptake). These results suggest that specific granules do not play a crucial role in oxygen metabolism.
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PMID:Subcellular localization of cytochrome b and ubiquinone in a tertiary granule of resting human neutrophils and evidence for a proton pump ATPase. 614 82

We studied the effects of running-training, heavy exercise and termination of training on the heart weight, the ratio heart to body weight and the cardiac muscle activities of actomyosin ATPase, citrate synthase, succinate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, malate dehydrogenase, adenylate kinase and beta-glucuronidase with adult male NMRI-mice. Stable hypertrophy (6-7%), estimated by the ratio heart or ventricle weight to body weight, was achieved by 28 exercises and it was dependent on the running speed (20 vs. 25 m X min-1). The withdrawal of training for 5-61 days did not permanently decrease the heart weight or the heart to body weight ratio to the level of sedentary controls. The activity of enzymes of energy metabolism or actomyosin ATPase were not affected by training, heavy exercise or terminated training. beta-glucuronidase activity slightly (20-25%) increased in the trained animals and remained at a higher level during the period of terminated training. The results suggest that the capacity for aerobic metabolism of normal mice heart is sufficient to meet the enhanced demand for ATP imposed by running-training and that the heart enlargement occurs in equal proportions with the enzymatic potential of the cardiac tissue.
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PMID:Selected enzyme activities in mouse cardiac muscle during training and terminated training. 623 64

Receptor-ligand interactions at the surface of the human neutrophil induce lysosomal enzyme release and the generation of O2.-, responses which are anteceded by changes in the membrane potential (delta psi) as measured by [3H]-triphenylmethylphosphonium ion distribution. Surface stimuli (immune complexes, concanavalin A) initiated a rapid (less than 10 s) hyperpolarization response by both normal and cytochalasin B-treated cells. Replacement of extracellular Na+ with either K+ or choline depressed O2.- generation and lysosomal enzyme release in neutrophils exposed to concanavalin A or immune complexes. Replacement of Na+ with K+ led to a substantial fall in resting membrane potential, whereas replacement of Na+ with choline did not. Thus, depression of O2.- generation and lysosomal enzyme release in Na+-free medium were specifically due to a lack of extracellular Na+ and not to depolarization of the membrane. Although it has been shown that extracellular Na+, and possibly an influx of Na+, is required for optimal neutrophil function, neither depolarization nor Na+ influx per se was sufficient to activate fully these cells, since the Na+ ionophore, monensin, was not an effective stimulus for beta-glucuronidase release or O2.- generation. The hyperpolarization response to neutrophils exposed to immune complexes and to concanavalin A was greatly diminished in both high [K+] and [choline] buffers. Thus, extracellular Na+ was required for an optimal membrane potential response to receptor-ligand interaction. Since O2.- generation and lysosomal enzyme release in response to the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187, were also reduced in the absence of extracellular Na+, it was concluded that extracellular Na+ was also required after induction of Ca2+ fluxes. Ouabain (1 mM) had no effect on O2.- generation, lysosomal enzyme release or the hyperpolarization response to immune complexes, indicating that the hyperpolarization observed on stimulation cannot be due to the action of the electrogenic pump, (Na+ + K+)-ATPase. The experiments indicate that extracellular Na+ is required (1) in the delta psi response triggered by receptor-ligand interaction, and (2) at a step(s) subsequent to Ca2+ fluxes and common to O2.- generation and lysosomal enzyme release.
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PMID:Stimulus-response coupling in the human neutrophil. Transmembrane potential and the role of extracellular Na+. 625 Jun 7

Human thymuses, ranging in age from newborn to 62 years old, were studied enzyme histochemically. The thymic epithelial cells covering cortical surface and bordering vascular areas in the medulla were positive for 5'-nucleotidase, but not for other enzymes. The thymic epithelial cells composing Hassall's corpuscles were positive for acid phosphatase, esterases, beta-glucuronidase, and alkaline phosphatase, regardless of age, but totally negative for 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase. All enzymes examined except for beta-glucuronidase were demonstrated in some of the thymic epithelial cells scattered in the medulla, although the pattern of distribution and the degree of positivity were different by enzymes. These findings suggest that the thymic epithelial cells are composed of functionally heterogenous subpopulations. Acid phosphatase was demonstrated in thymocytes in both cortex and medulla, but 5'-nucleotidase and ATPase were observed in some thymocytes in the medulla of young thymus.
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PMID:Enzyme histochemical study on human thymus and its age change. 630 84

In one experiment Swiss mice were maintained on a 16 or 23% fat diet (laboratory chow with added fat, principally corn oil) or on laboratory chow alone (5.5% fat). In another experiment C57BL/1 mice were given a 23% fat diet (as above) or a low-fat diet (67% laboratory chow, 1.9% corn oil, and 31% starch; 5.5% fat). Colon mucosal samples were analyzed for several enzyme activities. In Swiss mice the analyses revealed the following: 1) Ouabain-insensitive ATPase was unaltered in male mice, but it rose significantly in females fed a high-fat diet (this effect was seen when a resuspended high-speed pellet was analyzed but not seen with the initial homogenate); 2) 5'-nucleotidase activity showed a significant stepwise increase with dietary fat; 3) nonspecific esterase activity tended to rise with a high-fat diet (not significant); 4) beta-glucuronidase levels were not altered by diet fat; and 5) ornithine decarboxylase levels were not altered by diet fat. In C57BL/1 mice analyses were done on ouabain-insensitive ATPase, 5'-nucleotidase, nonspecific esterase, and beta-glucuronidase, but no diet effects were seen. Fecal reductase activity was measured with the use of 2-(p-iodophenyl)-3-(p-nitrophenyl)-5-phenyltetrazolium chloride hydrate). A high-fat diet did not affect the activity in C57BL/1 mice, but it caused a significant rise in Swiss mice.
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PMID:High-fat diets and fecal level of reductase and colon mucosal level of ornithine decarboxylase, beta-glucuronidase, 5'-nucleotidase, ATPase, and esterase in mice. 632 44


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