Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocytes were incubated with a sonically treated suspension of pooled dental plaque to determine if the plaque would induce release of lysosomal enzymes from the polymorphonuclear leukocytes. Cells incubated with plaque at 37 degrees C released significantly greater amounts of the lysosomal enzymes, beta-glucuronidase and lysozyme, than did cells incubated with plaque at 0 degrees C or without plaque at 37 degrees C. This response was both dose and time dependent. Release of the cytoplasmic enzyme lactate dehydrogenase was minimal, and there were no significant differences in lactate dehydrogenase release between cells at 0 and 37 degrees C, or without plaque. These results indicate that dental plaque can induce the selective release of lysosomal enzymes, which could be involved in the periodontal injury produced by dental plaque.
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PMID:Exocytosis of polymorphonuclear leukocyte lysosomal contents induced by dental plaque. 56 Oct 32

The effects of volatile anesthetics were assessed in freshly isolated rat hepatocytes by surface-scanning electron microscopy and by measuring leakage of cellular enzymes, lactate dehydrogenase and beta-glucuronidase into the surrounding medium. The order of potency in regard to their capacity to produce alterations of these parameters was halothane = methoxyflurane greater than ether = control. The extent of enzyme leakage from hepatocytes exposed to halothane or methoxyflurane was both dose dependent and, for the first 30 minutes, time dependent. Surface scanning of the isolated hepatocytes showed that both halothane and methoxyflurane produced enzyme leakage and morphologic changes in cellular membranes, but ether did not. These studies demonstrate that scanning electron microscopy and enzyme leakage from cells are useful for the evaluation of drug-induced changes in lever cells in vitro. The relation between these drug-induced changes and clinical hepatotoxicity remains to be elucidated.
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PMID:Hepatocyte responses to volatile anesthetics: changes in surface scanning and enzyme leakage. 56 86

The specific activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and its M-type (M-LDH), beta-glucuronidase (beta-GR), acid phosphatase (ACP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) were determined. The specific activities of the enzymes (LDH, beta-GR) in the myometrium were lower and their changes less pronounced than in the endometrium. We, therefore, determined the enzymes in the rat endometrium only in further experiments. All enzymes react sensitively to the changes induced in the endometrium by endogenous hormones in the course of a 4-day cycle: pro-oestrus (P) is characterized by rather low enzyme activities, oestrus (E) by a peak of LDH and M-LDH and a rise of AP. In metoestrus (M) there is a peak of beta-GR, ACP and AP. Dioestrus (D) is characterized by a significant decrease in LDH and M-LDH and by elevated values of all the other enzymes. The values on the individual days of the 4-day cycle were compared with days 4-6 of pregnancy. The reason for this was that if the rats were not mated, they would, respectively, return to pro-oestrus instead of being 4 days pregnant, to oestrus instead of being 5 days pregnant, or to metoestrus instead of being 6 days pregnant. We found the following differences: on day 4 of pregnancy LDH and M-LDH were lower and ACP and AP higher than in P. On day 5 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, beta-GR and AP were lower than in E. On day 6 of pregnancy the LDH, M-LDH, ACP and especially beta-GR, were lower than in M.
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PMID:Rat endometrium enzymes in 4-day oestrous cycle and early pregnancy. 57 74

A pool of acid hydrolases exists within the acellular lining material of the alveoli and distal airways of the lungs. These extracellular hydrolases, obtained using pulmonary lavage procedures, appear to be of a selected variety insofar as some hydrolases (beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase and alpha-mannosidase) are highly active while others (beta-glucuronidase and arylsulfatase) are barely detectable. The origins of these hydrolases were investigated. Neither leakage of serum nor cell damage can account for the presence of the extracellular hydrolases in lavage effluents. Electrophoretic mobilities on acrylamide gels indicate that the extracellular hydrolases generally differ from those found in serum. Cytoplasmic soluble enzymes such as lactate dehydrogenase were used to monitor cell damage and show that the extracellular hydrolases did not originate from cell leakage during the lavage procedure. Hydrolases similar to those found extracellularly are associated with highly purified lysosome-free lamellar bodies isolated from homogenates of lung. The extracellular hydrolases are probably selected by the type 2 cells of the pulmonary alveolar epithelium during their selection of lamellar bodies.
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PMID:Extracellular hydrolases of the lung. 62 5

Several nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents were evaluated for their capacity to modulate phagocytosis by and lysosomal enzyme secretion from polymorphonuclear neutrophils. During cell contact with and phagocytosis of serum-treated zymosan particles, guinea-pig neutrophils demonstrated a selective extracellular release of lysosome granule-associated beta-glucuronidase and acid protease but not cytoplasmic lactate dehydrogenase. Ketoprofen, suprofen, diftalone, benoxaprofen and Abbott 29590 inhibited particle uptake by and lysosomal enzyme release from neutrophils incubated with zymosan in Krebs-Ringer phosphate medium containing 7.5 mM glucose, pH 7.4, AT 37 degrees C. Flazalone and sulindac were inactive. In the presence of cytochalasin B, an agent which inhibits phagocytosis while having no effect on the selective discharge of lysosomal enzymes, ketoprofen, suprofen, diftalone, benoxaprofen and Abbott 29590 continued to inhibit the release of beta-glucuronidase and acid protease from neutrophils. An investigation of the properties of guinea-pig neutrophil acid protease activity revealed a pH optimum of 3.5. Activity was inhibited by diazoacetyl-DL-norleucine methyl ester and p-hydroxyphenylpyruvic acid. Sulfhydryl inhibitors, chelating agents and soybean trypsin inhibitor had no effect on neutrophil acid protease activity. These studies indicate that certain nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents may function as regulators of the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from neutrophils; and that these neutrophils contain an acid protease which resembles an enzyme known to mediate tissue destruction in several inflammatory diseases.
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PMID:Nonsteroid anti-inflammatory agents: regulators of the phagocytic secretion of lysosomal enzymes from guinea-pig neutrophils. 71 44

By exploiting the unique characteristics of three ionophores, experimental conditions were found which permit the dissociation of respiratory stimulation from secretion in polymorphonuclear leucocytes. A marked stimulation of respiration was produced by ionophore X537A, which binds and transports both alkali-earth and alkali cations. The stimulatory activity of this ionophore was the same at either high or low Na+/K+ ratios in the medium and was virtually unaffected by extracellular Ca2+. A slight stimulation of oxygen consumption was also caused by the K+-selective ionophore valinomycin and by ionophore A23187, which complexes and transfers bivalent cations. Ionophore X537A and valinomycin were unable to stimulate selective release of granuleassociated beta-glucuronidase and gradually increased cell fragility, as monitored by increased leakage of lactate dehydrogenase. Ionophore A23187 slightly increased exocytosis of beta-glucuronidase. In a Mg2+-free medium, Ca2+, added simultaneously with ionophore A23187, greatly enhanced respiration and secretion of the granule enzyme. If Ca2+ was added a few minutes after the ionophore, exocytosis occurred, but no respiratory burst was observed. If the latter experiment was repeated in the presence of extracellular Mg2+, both secretion and respiration were stimulated. This effect was not produced by Mn2+ or Ba2+. It is proposed that Ca2+ is required for triggering selective secretion of granule enzymes from leucocytes is caused by an intracellular redistribution of cations, which may invovle Mg2+-dependent mechanisms.
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PMID:The dissociation of exocytosis and respiratory stimulation in leucocytes by ionophores. 78 49

The value of certain cytochemical and cytoenzymatic investigations in the management of leukemias is discussed in different types of acute or chronic leukemias. Among the data resulting from cytochemical methods those related to cellular biochemical components such as DNA, RNA, glycogen and lipids are particularly noteworthy. The results of cytoenzymatic investigations have stressed the necessity of knowing the activity of certain enzymes such as peroxidases, alkaline and acid phosphatases, beta-glucuronidase, succinate dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase a.o. The prospective value of enzymes such as dehydrofolate reductase, DNA and RNA polymerases, DNA and RNA-ases a.o. in the management of leukemias is also mentioned.
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PMID:Cytochemical and cytoenzymatic investigations in the management of leukemias. 79 43

In the presented study the influence of freezing and freeze-drying on enzyme activity is described. Attention is paid to 16 enzymes which can be used for quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques. With the exception of succinate dehydrogenase only, no significant inactivation during freezing and freeze-drying procedures could be demonstrated with lactate dehydrogenase, malate dehydrogenase (NAD+), malate dehydrogenase (decarboxylating) (NADP+), isocitrate dehydrogenase (NADP+), glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase, NADH-oxydoreductase, mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, cytochrome c oxidase, phosphoglucomutase, glucosephosphate isomerase, glucose-6-phosphatase, acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase and non specific aryl esterase. Therefore, the results supply a sound foundation for those quantitative enzyme histochemical techniques in which tissue specimens are frozen or frozen-dried before enzyme estimations are performed.
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PMID:The influence of freezing and freeze-drying of tissue specimens on enzyme activity. 87 Apr 61

1. A mixed membrane fraction prepared from pig platelets was subfractionated, using the "B 14" zonal rotor, into two distinct subpopulations of membrane vesicles, each associated with a different phosphodiesterase activity. 2. The lighter subfraction (MI) was enriched 7-8 fold with bis-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphate phosphodiesterase activity and the denser subfraction (MII) showed a similar degree of enrichment of 5'dTMP-p-nitrophenyl ester phosphodiesterase activity. 3. Assays for other enzyme activities revealed slight enrichement (approx. 2 fold) of acid phosphatase, 3'-dTMP-p-nitrophenyl ester phosphodiesterase and beta-glucuronidase activities in MI, and beta-galactosidase in MII. Cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase, lactate dehydrogenase and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase showed negligible activity in both MI and MII, and succinate dehydrogenase activity could not be detected in either subfraction. 4. Chemical analyses of the membrane subfractions demonstrated that MI contained approx. twice as much cholesterol, phospholipid, sialic acid and hexosamine per unit weight of protein than MII. These results are consistent with our previously reported observations from surface-labelling experiments, which indicated that MI was derived principally from the platelet surface-exposed membranes and that MII was probably intracellular in origin. 5. Analysis of the membrane polypeptides by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis revealed the presence of 12-15 components, in each subfraction, in the mol. wt. range 12000-200000, including a prominent band of approx. mol. wt. 46000, which has beeen identified to be actin. Qualitative as well as possible quantitative differences were apparent in that MII contained three components in addition to those present in MI. 6. Analysis of the periodate-Schiff staining components by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis demonstrated the presence of 4 major glycoproteins in both subfractions with apparent mol. wt. ranging from approx. 95000 to 150000; in addition two minor components were also present. Further, a very fast-migrating band, which did not stain with Coomassie blue, was observed in both MI and MII and probably represents lipid material.
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PMID:Enzymatic and chemical analyses of pig platelet membrane subfractions isolated by zonal centrifugation. 127 16

Male albino rats were treated with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (1 mg/animal/day) + testosterone ananthate (100 micrograms/100 g body weight/day) for 30 and 60 days. After 30 days of treatment, all the testicular enzymes like beta-glucuronidase, hyaluronidase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, lactate dehydrogenase, acid and alkaline phosphatase, registered non-significant decrease in their values. Fifty percent of the treated animals achieved sterility after 30 days of treatment. After 60 days of treatment the testis showed degenerative changes in Golgi phase and late spermatids. Changes in the Golgi phase spermatids were related with degeneration of the nuclear membrane. Changes in the late phase spermatids included mitochondrial hypertrophy of the midpieces, membrane lysis, absence of cristae and degeneration of annulus leading to detachment of tail. Cytoplasm of luminal area displayed hypertrophied mitochondria devoid of cristae, prominent appearance of Golgi bodies, intense lysosomal activity and ample vacuolation. Tail fragments of degenerated spermatids prevailed in luminal cytoplasm. Except for beta-glucuronidase which registered a significant decrease, levels of all the other testicular enzymes, viz. hyaluronidase, lactate dehydrogenase, sorbitol dehydrogenase, acid phosphatase and alkaline phosphatase were within their control limits. The ultrastructural and biochemical changes are correlated.
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PMID:Effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate and testosterone ananthate on the testis of albino rats: ultrastructural and biochemical studies. 129 76


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