Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The experiment was performed in order to evaluate the beta-glucuronidase activity in gastric juice and gastric mucosa of rats submitted to protein-free diet. A group of 36 young adult male wistar rats was fed a protein-free diet ad libitum for five weeks; a second group of 36 wistar rats ingested a purified isocaloric 12,5% casein diet for the same period. The concentration of proteins in plasma, gastric juice and gastric glandular mucosa and the beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice and gastric glandular mucosa were determined. Protein deficient rats had lower plasma protein concentration and also a lower protein concentration in gastric juice and gastric mucosa. In these animals there was no significant change of beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice, but there was a significant increase of the specific enzimatic activity in the gastric mucosa. The results suggest that protein restriction in young adult rats affects the gastric mucosa. The increase of the specific beta-glucuronidase activity might be due to heightened local catabolism or to a comparatively more severe protein depletion.
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PMID:[Beta-glucuronidase activity in the gastric juice and gastric mucosa of rats subjected to protein deficiency]. 4 37

Fourteen continuous tissue culture cell lines derived from mouse, rat, or human granulocyte-macrophage cancers were studied for expression of spontaneous and inducible markers of differentiated cells. Five cell lines (two mouse, two rat, and one human) synthesized myeloperoxidase spontaneously, and a fifth mouse line showed biochemically inducible enzyme. Twelve lines (6 mouse, 3 rat, and 3 human) produced lysozyme (muramidase), and all had detectable beta-glucuronidase. Superoxide generation was detected in one mouse, and three human cell lines following stimulation with phorbol myristate acetate. Maturation to differentiated polymorphonuclear leukocyte or macrophage morphology was induced in 3 cell lines (2 mouse and 1 human) following culture in diffusion chambers in total-body-irradiated rats. In vitro morphological differentiation was inducible in one (mouse) cell line exposed to casein, thioglycolate, or plasma from irradiated rats or mice. These findings indicate that mammalian cell lines derived from granulocyte-macrophage cancers stably express several combinations of differentiation markers. The patterns of expression of these markers did not always correlate with the morphological stage of differentiation.
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PMID:Constitutive and inducible granulocyte-macrophage functions in mouse, rat, and human myeloid leukemia-derived continuous tissue culture lines. 21 Sep 35

The effect of high-protein (beef or soybean protein) and high-fat (beef fat, corn oil, or lard) diets on large intestinal bacterial and intestinal mucosal beta-glucuronidase was studied in female F344 rats maintained on these diets for two generations. Animals fed a 20% corn oil or 20% lard and 20% casein diet had a higher beta-glucuronidase activity in the contents of cecum and colon than did rats fed a 5% corn oil or lard and 20% casein diet. The cecal bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity was higher in animals fed diets with high levels of beef protein (40%) and beef fat (23%) or with high levels of soybean protein (39%) and corn oil (24%) than it was in rats fed diets containing 18.5% beef protein and 6.5% beef fat or 19% soybean protein and 5.4% corn oil. Animals fed diets containing high levels of beef protein and fat or high levels of soybean protein and corn oil had a higher small intestinal mucosal beta-glucuronidase activity than did the other groups. No significant difference was observed in the colonic mucosal beta-glucuronidase activity among the animals fed beef and soybean diets. It is concluded that diets high in fat and high or normal in protein are associated with elevated levels of bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity in the large intestine of rats.
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PMID:Effect of high-risk diets for colon carcinogenesis on intestinal mucosal and bacterial beta-glucuronidase activity in F344 rats. 90 5

Anti-ulcer effects of cetraxate, a new compound possessing anti-plasmin, anti-casein and anti-trypsin actions were investigated by using experimental gastric ulcer models in rats. Cetraxate, 300 mg/kg p.o. showed significant inhibitory effects of 65.3%, 70.0%, 30.2%, and 67.1% against aucte types of ulcers producing by aspirin, phenylbutazone, indomethacin, and pyloric ligature (Shay's ulcer), respectively. These effects were greater than those obtained by gefarnate and aluminum sucrose sulfate may be mainly attributed to the protecting action of this drug on gastric mucosa. Ctraxate further revealed remarkable inhibitory effects on chronic types of ulcers produced by acetic acid, clamping, and clamping-cortisone. In acetic acid ulcer in particular, cetraxate was found to have a dose-dependent inhibitory effect at doses over 50 mg/kg. Of test drugs including L-glutamine and methylmethionine sulfonium chloride, cetraxate showed the most remarkable inhibitory effect on beta-glucuronidase activity in ulcer tissue of these three types of ulcers. These findings suggest that cetraxate may prevent the connective tissue in the ulcer location from decomposition due to lysosomal enzymes such as beta-glucuronidase, thereby accelerating the recovery from ulcer.
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PMID:Anti-ulcer effects of 4'-(2-carboxyetyl) phenyl trans-4-aminomethyl cyclohexanecarboxylate hydrochloride (cetraxate) on various experimental gastric ulcers in rats. 100 3

The effects of inoculating an in vitro continuous culture system with primate colon contents compared to fecal material, and the effect of feeding these cultures psyllium husk, a fermentable, or cellulose, a less fermentable, dietary fiber were tested. Modified 500-ml Bellco culture chambers were continuously infused with buffered medium containing vitamin mix, deoxycholate, urea, hemin, casein and mucin. Cultures were fed a mixture of minerals, sucrose, starch and either psyllium husk or cellulose twice daily. Chambers were inoculated with fecal or colonic samples obtained from adult male African green monkeys fed the respective fiber source in a purified diet for more than 3 yr. After a 5-d stabilization period, samples were collected for total viable anaerobe and aerobe counts, microbial beta-glucuronidase (EC 3.2.1.31) activity, volatile fatty acid (VFA) and ammonia nitrogen concentrations, dry matter, pH and oxidation-reduction potential. Inoculation with fecal material or colon contents produced similar results for the above mentioned characteristics; major differences were found due to the fiber treatments. Psyllium-fed cultures had lower pH (P less than 0.01) and higher VFA concentration (P less than 0.01) and beta-glucuronidase activity (P less than 0.10) than cellulose-fed cultures. The ratio of anaerobes to aerobes was lower (P less than 0.01) in psyllium-fed than in cellulose-fed cultures. These results indicate that feces can be used as an inoculum source for in vitro studies of changes in colonic microbial metabolism due to diet, and that dietary fiber source affects the colonic microbial population and metabolism.
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PMID:Effects of dietary cellulose and psyllium husk on monkey colonic microbial metabolism in continuous culture. 254 37

We have assigned several mouse cDNA and genomic clones to the W region of mouse chromosome 5, established their position with respect to various marker loci in the region, and provided molecular verification that the W19H mutation is a deletion. Meiotic recombination analysis of an interspecific mouse backcross indicated the following gene order and distances [in centimorgans (cM)]: centromere-Emv-1-(13 cM)-D4S76-(17 cM)-D5SC25-(5 cM)-alpha-casein-(1 cM)-beta- casein-(6 cM)-alpha-fetoprotein-(18 cM)-beta-glucuronidase. D5SC25, an anonymous locus defined by a mouse brain cDNA, maps near the map position of W and within the breakpoints of the presumed genetic deletion that causes the W19H phenotype. Southern analysis of DNAs of W19H/+ interspecific F1 hybrid mice and somatic cell hybrid lines carrying the W19H deletion chromosome showed the deletion of D5SC25. In fact, analysis of other mutations at or near the W locus, which had been transferred from the strain of origin for many backcross generations, revealed the retention of donor restriction fragment length polymorphisms at the D5SC25 locus. Such evidence confirms close linkage between D5SC25 and W (within 1 cM) and indicates that the D5SC25 cDNA clone could serve as a starting point in a chromosome "walk" to W and other closely linked loci that affect development.
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PMID:Genetic analysis of the dominant white-spotting (W) region on mouse chromosome 5: identification of cloned DNA markers near W. 320 Aug 49

The influence of taurine on neutrophil phagocytic and bactericidal capacities and lysosomal enzyme-releasing ability was evaluated in the present study using neutrophils obtained from casein-elicited rat peritoneal exudates. Taurine was dissolved in drinking water at a concentration of 0.3%, and the solution was given to rats for 1-21 days (460 mg/kg/day). Taurine concentration in the serum increased with the term of its administration, while in the neutrophils, it increased significantly after administration for 1 or 3 days. When administered for 7 or 10 days, however, no difference was noted from the control group, but then the concentration remarkably increased after 21 days of administration. The bactericidal capacity of the neutrophils against Escherichia coli was strengthened as their concentration of taurine increased; phagocytic capacity was also strengthened. The release of myeloperoxidase following phagocytosis of yeasts increased with administration, while the release of beta-glucuronidase, lysozyme and lactate dehydrogenase, which are induced by N-formylmethionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine, were inhibited. The hypotonic hemolysis of erythrocytes was also inhibited. Taurine decreased the fluorescence depolarization of diphenylhexatriene, indicating an increase in membrane fluidity. These results suggested that taurine strengthens both phagocytic and bactericidal capacities of neutrophils by increasing the fluidity of neutrophil membrane and membrane stability and thus plays an important role in the mechanism of host defense.
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PMID:[Role of taurine in neutrophil function]. 650 Apr 3

The purified amphipathic proteins, alpha s 1-casein, beta-casein, and alkali-denatured serum albumin were studied for chemotactic and enzyme-releasing effects on human neutrophil leucocytes. Evidence for chemotaxis both in fluid-phase gradients and on solid-phase gradients was obtained using visual assays. In fluid-phase gradients, neutrophils showed good orientation to gradient sources of these proteins at concentrations of 10(-4) to 10(-5) M. Solid-phase gradients of casein and of denatured albumin were prepared on glass coverslips, and the locomotion of neutrophils attached to these coverslips was filmed by time-lapse cinematography. Displacement of neutrophils towards the highest concentration of substratum-bound protein was observed, suggesting that neutrophils can show true chemotaxis on a solid-phase gradient. All three proteins induced enzyme release from neutrophils in the absence of cytochalasin B. Lysozyme release was equivalent to that released by stimulation with formyl methionyl peptide in the presence of cytochalasin B, but the proteins stimulated a smaller release of beta-glucuronidase than the peptide. The proteins stimulated release of neutrophil proteases which were able to digest both casein and denatured albumin extracellularly. It is suggested that this proteolytic activity may assist locomotion of neutrophils, especially on solid-phase protein gradients, by cleaving membrane-attached protein, thus both freeing cell-surface receptors and allowing the cell to detach itself from the substratum and continue movement.
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PMID:Chemotactic and enzyme-releasing activity of amphipathic proteins for neutrophils. A possible role for protease in chemotaxis on substratum-bound protein gradients. 701 48

We have shown that the protein-deficient weanling rat fed a 3% casein diet, within 2 to 4 wk, exhibits marked changes in serum lysosomal hydrolases similar to those observed in children suffering from protein-calorie malnutrition: serum hexosaminidase, alpha-mannosidase, and beta-glucuronidase activities increase 3-fold, 2-fold, and 50%, respectively, whereas the acid phosphatase levels decrease by 50%. Rehabilitation of the protein-deficient animals with a diet containing 25% protein (i.e., casein) results in a rapid restoration of the plasma lysosomal hydrolase profiles to normal in less than 1 wk. The specific activities of various tissue lysosomal enzymes change significantly in the protein-deficient animals; however, no overall consistent pattern of change is apparent. In general, the greatest number of changes in lysosomal enzymes occurs in the kidney, whereas the brain exhibits the smallest differences between experimental and control animals in this regard. Perfusion experiments have shown that the rate of release of lysosomal enzymes from livers of rats fed the protein-deficient diet is profoundly altered when compared to that of control animals. Studies of the variation of enzyme secretion with time have demonstrated that the rate of secretion of hexosaminidase by the liver remains low and then rises markedly (3-fold) after the animals have been consuming the 3% casein diet for 16 days. In contrast, the secretion of both acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase is markedly depressed in the early phase of protein malnutrition (i.e., 7 to 16 days), and then increases greatly by the 3rd wk. These results demonstrate that changes occur in the rate of secretion of lysosomal enzymes by the liver during the course of experimental protein malnutrition.
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PMID:Metabolism of lysosomal enzymes in the protein-deficient weanling rat. 706 85

This study reports the effects of Simplex bone cement powder (BC) on the proliferation and production of bone resorbing factors in vitro by human adherent monocytes/macrophages. Adherent peripheral blood cells were isolated from seven healthy individuals and exposed to a dispersion of BC powder (1 mg/mL), phytohemagglutinin (PHA, 40 micrograms/mL), or medium alone at different periods of cell incubation (days 0-2, 0-7, 5-7, or 10-12). Cell proliferation was quantified by incorporation of 3H-thymidine uptake. Culture supernatants were evaluated for levels of interleukin 1-like activity (IL-1) by murine thymocyte proliferation assay, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by radioimmunoassay, lysosomal enzyme activity (N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and beta-glucuronidase using fluorometry, and collagen and casein degrading activity using radioactive substrates. Human adherent peripheral blood cells showed a proliferative response to PHA that coincided with cell maturation; BC did not inhibit PHA-induced cell proliferation of either adherent or nonadherent blood cells, indicating the non-toxic nature of these particles at the concentrations tested. BC stimulated increased release of the lysosomal enzyme N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase; the levels of PGE2, IL-1, collagenase, and caseinase were unchanged.
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PMID:The effects of bone cement powder on human adherent monocytes/macrophages in vitro. 840 16


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