Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Transcription of at least one member of the potato prp1 gene family, prp1-1, is activated at early stages of potato infection with the late blight fungus Phytophthora infestans. In this paper we present evidence that mRNA encoded by prp1-1 does not accumulate in response to abiotic environmental cues which stimulate transcription of other defence-related genes. Regulatory elements were identified in the 5' terminal region of prp1-1 by assaying the expression pattern of chimeric promoter/beta-glucuronidase gene constructs in transgenic potato. A 273 bp fragment comprising the promoter sequence between positions -402 and -130 was sufficient for rapid and strictly localized transcriptional activation at infection sites during the development of late blight disease. Like the native promoter, this truncated promoter did not mediate transcriptional activation in response to other abiotic stimuli. The use of the identified regulatory region to generate conditional mutations selectively at infection sites is discussed.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 Jan
PMID:Promoter sequences of a potato pathogenesis-related gene mediate transcriptional activation selectively upon fungal infection. 843 62

We characterized the expression of genes that correspond to a cDNA clone, RD29, which is induced by desiccation, cold and high-salt conditions in Arabidopsis thaliana. Northern analysis of desiccation-induced expression revealed a two-step induction process. Early induction occurs within 20 min and secondary induction occurs 3 h after the start of desiccation. Exogenous abscisic acid (ABA) induces RD29 mRNA within 3 h. Two genes corresponding to RD29, rd29A and rd29B, are located in tandem in an 8 kb region of the Arabidopsis genome and encode hydrophilic proteins. Desiccation induces rd29A mRNA with two-step kinetics, while rd29B is induced only 3 h after the start of desiccation. The expression of both genes is stimulated about 3 h after application of ABA. It appears that rd29A has at least two cis-acting elements, one involved in the ABA-associated response to desiccation and the other induced by changes in osmotic potential. The beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene driven by the rd29A promoter was induced at significant levels by desiccation, cold, high-salt conditions and ABA in both transgenic Arabidopsis and tobacco. Histochemical analysis of GUS activity revealed that the rd29A promoter functions in almost all the organs and tissues of vegetative plants during water deficiency.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 Jan
PMID:Characterization of the expression of a desiccation-responsive rd29 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana and analysis of its promoter in transgenic plants. 843 77

We describe a genomic DNA segment from spinach that bears part of the single-copy gene for ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase (FNR) including a 3.4 kb promoter sequence. Dissection of this DNA segment and its analysis in GUS (beta-glucuronidase) gene fusions in transgenic tobacco demonstrated that the promoter differs in structure from all other promoters for thylakoid protein genes studied to date. Two regions with light-responsive elements were identified. One is located within the first 118 bp upstream of the transcription initiation site. A second fragment covering nucleotide positions -220 to -119 is capable of conferring light-dependent GUS gene expression on two different minimal promoters. The latter fragment binds a transacting factor in gel-shift assays. None of the fragments carries cis elements known from other genes to be involved in light-controlled expression. Comparison of the light responsiveness of GUS gene fusions controlled by the -753/+231 and -118/+231 regions indicates that they respond differentially to phytochrome-dependent signals and that their expression in tobacco is not restricted to tissue with functional chloroplasts.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 Feb
PMID:Characterization of the promoter from the single-copy gene encoding ferredoxin-NADP(+)-oxidoreductase from spinach. 845 61

The activity of the Arabidopsis thalana A1 EF-1 alpha gene promoter was analyzed in transgenic Arabidopsis plants. The 5' upstream sequence of the A1 gene and several promoter deletions were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) coding region. Promoter activity was monitored by quantitative and histochemical assays of GUS activity. The results show that the A1 promoter exhibits a modular organization. Sequences both upstream and downstream relative to the transcription initiation site are involved in quantitative and tissue-specific expression during vegetative growth. One upstream element may be involved in the activation of expression in meristematic tissues; the downstream region, corresponding to an intron within the 5' non-coding region (5'IVS), is important for expression in roots; both upstream and downstream sequences are required for expression in leaves, suggesting combinatorial properties of EF-1 alpha cis-regulatory elements. This notion of specific combinatorial regulation is reinforced by the results of transient expression experiments in transfected Arabidopsis protoplasts. The deletion of the 5'IVS has much more effect on expression when the promoter activity is under the control of A1 EF-1 alpha upstream sequences than when these upstream sequences were replaced by the 35S enhancer. Similarly, a synthetic oligonucleotide corresponding to an A1 EF-1 alpha upstream cis-acting element (the TEF1 box), is able to restore partially the original activity when fused to a TEF1-less EF1-alpha promoter but has no significant effect when fused to an enhancer-less 35S promoter.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 Apr
PMID:Modular organization and development activity of an Arabidopsis thaliana EF-1 alpha gene promoter. 849 11

The processing of DNA molecules during transformation was characterized in the oomycete Phytophthora infestans. Linear and circular forms of non-replicating transformation vectors supported similar rates of stable transformation. Remarkably, digestion of plasmids within the selectable marker genes neomycin phosphotransferase (npt) or hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) had little effect on the recovery of drug-resistant transformants, and the cleaved sites were shown to be reconstituted in the transformants. An assay for the transient expression of beta-glucuronidase (GUS) in protoplasts treated with partial or disrupted GUS genes demonstrated that active genes could be reconstituted through intramolecular and/or intermolecular ligation between compatible ends, while incompatible ends were inefficiently joined. Stable transformation studies also demonstrated that complementing portions of incomplete npt or hpt genes joined through homologous recombination. Based on the indication of efficient ligation between DNA molecules during transformation, an efficient procedure for cotransformation was developed. The frequency of cotransformation between vectors expressing selected genes (npt or hpt) and nonselected sequences (GUS, beta-galactosidase, or streptomycin phosphotransferase) approached unity when the plasmids were linearized with the same restriction enzyme before transformation. In contrast, cotransformation between circular plasmids or those cut with different enzymes occurred infrequently (10%). Hybridization analysis of DNA from cotransformants demonstrated that linearized plasmids became colocalized within genomic DNA, while circular plasmids typically inserted at unliked sites.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 May
PMID:Intermolecular ligation mediates efficient cotransformation in Phytophthora infestans. 851 Jun 51

The anther-specific cDNA clone Bcp1 from Brassica campestris is expressed in both the haploid pollen and diploid tapetum, as shown by in situ hybridization. We have isolated Bgp1, a genomic clone homologous to Bcp1. The coding region and extensive 5' flanking sequences of Bgp1 have been sequenced, and the coding region shows 88% identity with Bcp1. RNA gel blot analysis confirmed the expression of Bgp1-specific transcripts in B. campestris pollen. A 767 bp 5' DNA fragment was fused to the reporter gene beta-glucuronidase (gus) and introduced into both Arabidopsis thaliana and Nicotiana tabacum by transformation. This 5' fragment directed high-level expression in the pollen and tapetum of transgenic Arabidopsis. In transgenic tobacco however, the same construct was expressed only in pollen. A series of 5' deletion constructs has been created and used to transform A. thaliana to analyse the 5' region of Bgp1. The results indicate that Bgp1 expression in the tapetum and pollen of Arabidopsis requires the presence of different 5' DNA sequences.
Mol Gen Genet 1993 May
PMID:Haploid and diploid expression of a Brassica campestris anther-specific gene promoter in Arabidopsis and tobacco. 851 Jun 62

Enhancer trap derivatives of the maize Dissociation (Ds) transposon were introduced into Arabidopsis thaliana. The enhancer trap Ds was so designed that upon transposition to sites containing regulatory sequences in adjacent genomic DNA, transcription of a Ds-borne beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene would be activated. Sixty percent of all transposition events were associated with GUS expression patterns including one linked to a mutant phenotype. Patterns of GUS expression were found in various organs and were stably inheritable in the F4 and F5 progenies. These results demonstrate the potential value of the technique as a means for detection of developmentally regulated genes and analysis of their function. The enhancer trap construct used in our experiments, as well as the seeds of primary transformants are publicly available.
Mol Gen Genet 1995 Dec 10
PMID:Novel GUS expression patterns following transposition of an enhancer trap Ds element in Arabidopsis. 855 40

To follow the progression of infection of Autographa californica multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) within tissues of its larval host, we have constructed AcMNPV recombinants carrying lacZ reporter genes under the control of the early virus promoters pe38 and me53, in addition to the authentic genes. The early promoter-lacZ gene cassettes were located upstream of the very late polyhedrin gene. In infected insect cell lines, pe38 transcription is initiated at an early promoter, while me53 transcripts start from both early and late sites. Transcriptional mapping of the duplicated me53 and pe38 promoters driving lacZ expression showed that they initiated at the same start sites as in the authentic genes. Expression of lacZ by these recombinants was compared to a recombinant driving beta-glucuronidase expression from the very late p10 promoter and lacZ expression from the constitutive heat shock protein 70 promoter of Drosophila melanogaster. After infection of Spodoptera exigua larvae with the different recombinants, we followed reporter gene expression and polyhedron formation in different tissues using immunohistochemistry and electron microscopy. LacZ expression, indicative of early viral transcriptional activity, was detected in nearly all larval tissues during the course of infection. In most tissues these early events were followed by pathophysiological changes associated with late and very late gene expression. However, p10 transcription and polyhedron formation were not observed in midgut goblet cells, Malpighian tubules and salivary glands. These results suggest that expression of early virus genes, such as me53 and pe38, is not restricted to larval tissues that are permissive for AcMNPV replication.
J Gen Virol 1996 May
PMID:Baculovirus infection of Spodoptera exigua larvae: lacZ expression driven by promoters of early genes pe38 and me53 in larval tissue. 860 77

The malate synthase gene (ms) promoter in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) was investigated with the aim of distinguishing DNA sequences mediating regulation of gene expression by sugar, and expression following seed germination. Promoter deletions were constructed and their ability to direct expression of the beta-glucuronidase (gus) reporter gene was investigated in transgenic Nicotiana plumbaginifolia. Gene expression was assayed in germinating seeds and developing seedlings (the germination response) and in seedlings transferred from light into darkness with and without sucrose (the sugar response). As progressively more of the promoter was deleted from the 5' end, first the sugar response and then the germination response was lost. Thus, distinct regions of the promoter are required for carbohydrate control and for regulation of gene expression in response to germination. Sequence comparisons of the ms promoter with that of the isocitrate lyase gene (icl) of cucumber have previously identified four IMH(ICL-MS-Homology) sequences. One such sequence, IMH2, is shown here to be implicated in the sugar response of the ms gene. The 17 bp sequences which when deleted from the ms gene results in loss of the germination response, contains a 14 bp sequence which is similar to a sequence in the icl promoter, which we refer to as IMH5. Furthermore, this sequence has similarity with amdI9-like sequences in filamentous fungi, which confer facB-mediated acetate inducibility on several genes, including those encoding ICL and MS.
Mol Gen Genet 1996 Feb 05
PMID:Distinct cis-acting elements direct the germination and sugar responses of the cucumber malate synthase gene. 862 14

ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase (AGP) is a key regulatory enzyme in the biosynthesis of starch in higher plants. Previous studies have suggested that, unlike other plants that display tissue-specific AGP genes, potato expresses the same AGP small-subunit gene (sAGP) in multiple tissues. This view was confirmed by the spatial patterns of expression of the sAGP gene in transgenic potato plants observed when a promoter-dependent-beta-glucuronidase (beta-GUS) system was used. sAGP-beta-GUS chimeric gene fusions were expressed at high levels in tubers and in many other starch-containing cells throughout the plant. Deletional analysis of the 5'-upstream region of sAGP revealed that the observed spatial patterns of expression were due to different regions of the promoter of sAGP functioning in combination to confer cell- and organ-specific patterns of expression. Depending on the tissue examined, the patterns of reporter-gene expression were enhanced, suppressed, or altered when the 3'-nopaline-synthase terminator was replaced by the 3'-flanking sequence of sAGP. The observed cellular expression patterns of sAGP only partially overlap with the reported expression patterns of the major large-subunit gene (lAGP) in leaves. Since AGP is a heterotetrameric enzyme, composed of two sAGP and two lAGP subunits, this difference in the cellular expression patterns as well as quantitative differences in expression of the two AGP genes may account for the observed post-transcriptional regulation, i.e., relatively high levels of transcript but low levels of sAGP subunit in leaves.
Mol Gen Genet 1996 Mar 20
PMID:Cis-elements important for the expression of the ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase small-subunit are located both upstream and downstream from its structural gene. 867 61


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