Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Two populations of acid hydrolase-containing particles were distinguished in homogenates of rat epididymis. One of them was rich in acid phosphatase activity, equilibrated at density 1.17 in a sucrose gradient, and it sedimented between 12,000g 2.5 min and 43,000g 60 min (light particles). The other was poor in acid phosphatase activity and rich in N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, arylsulphatase, and beta-glucuronidase activity, equilibrated at density 1.20 in a sucrose gradient and it sedimented between 400g 2.5 min and 12,000g 2.5 min (heavy particles). 131I-albumin (RISA) injected into the lumen of the cauda was partially recovered in subcellular particles of homogenates of this region. These particles, incubated at pH 5, were able to digest the engulfed RISA. The subcellular distribution of RISA-containing particles and RISA-digesting particles was similar to that of the heavy hydrolase-containing particles. This suggests that these latter are engaged, at least in part, in heterophagic processes.
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PMID:Two populations of acid hydrolase-containing particles in rat epididymis. 661 99

Three experiments were designed to study the lysosomal changes associated with the development and maintenance of the endurance training induced resistance against exercise injuries in mouse skeletal muscles. The activities of arylsulphatase, cathepsin C, cathepsin D, and beta-glucuronidase were assayed from the red part of mouse quadriceps femoris muscle 4 days after prolonged strenuous running of 4-9 h duration. Exercise injuries were characterized by necrotic fibers and focal inflammation. Strenuous running of untrained mice induced necrotic lesions and a 4-5 fold increase in the activities of lysosomal enzymes. This lysosomal response was considerably reduced already by daily training bouts on the 3 days preceding the strenuous exertion. Simultaneously exercise injuries were markedly reduced. Extending the endurance training program increased the running ability of mice and further reduced the necrotic lesions and lysosomal changes induced by the strenuous exercise. The detraining of 1 week after the termination of regular endurance training considerably increased the degree of exercise induced lysosomal response. The detraining of longer durations further increased the lysosomal response and no effect of prior endurance training existed after 1 month detraining. Our observations suggest that the severity of exercise injuries is related to the strength of the exercise stimulus and the level of preceding physical activity and can be characterized by the lysosomal changes.
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PMID:Lysosomal changes related to exercise injuries and training-induced protection in mouse skeletal muscle. 672 Mar 24

Porcine adrenocortical lysosomes were characterized by differential centrifugation, acid hydrolase contents, latency of cathepsin D, release of bound acid hydrolases in soluble form, and isopycnic density gradient centrifugation. Cathepsins D and B, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase and arylsulphatase were found exclusively in the lysosomes, while alpha-mannosidase and beta-glucuronidase were in both the lysosomal and microsomal fractions. The activity of cathepsin D was remarkably high, amounting to more than 6 times that in porcine liver and to more than 10 times that in liver of Sprague-Dawley rats in terms of units per g wet tissue. Porcine adrenocortical lysosomes showed a modal isopycnic density value of 1.155, but mitochondria a value of 1.145. The validity of these values was studied by investigating the possibilities of agglutination of organelles, damage to lysosomal membranes, disruption of mitochondria due to the hydrostatic pressure and by applying the same procedures of isopycnic centrifugation to hog and rat livers. After these validity tests, porcine adrenocortical lysosomes were concluded to be unique in their strikingly high content of cathepsin D as well as in their low modal isopycnic density which is very close to that of porcine adrenocortical mitochondria.
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PMID:Characterization of porcine adrenocortical lysosomes. 679 90

We measured free and total 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion in 24-h urine specimens from nine patients with malignant melanoma and forty-five controls, and found that the levels of 5-S-cysteinyldopa excretion (measured by a fluorometric method) were greatly increased in the melanoma patients. The conjugates were hydrolysed by enzymatic treatment with beta-glucuronidase/arylsulphatase, and we found that the percentage of conjugated 5-S-cysteinyldopa was higher in urines with a low content of free 5-S-cysteinyldopa than in those with a higher concentration.
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PMID:Urinary free and conjugated 5-S-cysteinyldopa in normal subjects and in patients with melanoma. 680 Mar 94

Male Wistar rats weighing about 400 g were anaesthetized with pentobarbiturate (40 mg kg-1) i.p. and thin polyethylene tubings were inserted in left femoral artery and vein as well as in a bile duct. Blood samples were taken at 30-60 min intervals for 6 h. The total bile was collected to pre-weighed glass vials. With the aid of radioimmunoassay the level of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3) was estimated in plasma and the total excretion of these compounds by bile was measured after the incubation of bile aliquots with beta-glucuronidase-arylsulphatase. After i.v. injection of sodium salicylate (S; 80 mg kg-1) a significant decrease of T4 and T3 in plasma was found compared either to the initial level found in the same animals or to that found in controls not injected with S. Total excretion of bile was increased within 2 h after the administration of S. Under these conditions, the excretion of T4 was increased, while that of T3 was decreased. It is suggested that the effect of salicylate under the experimental conditions used consists of: 1. displacement of iodothyronines from plasma protein binding; 2. increased bile excretion (during the initial period after the administration of S) presumably due to the increased blood flow through the liver.
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PMID:Acute effect of salicylate on T4 and T3 levels in plasma and their excretion by bile in rats. 696 74

The ventricular myocardium was studied in A/J mice and in Sprague-Dawley rats. In male mice, the ventricles were slightly larger and the specific activities of the lysosomal hydrolases, beta-glucuronidase, hexosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, and arylsulphatase, and the inner mitochondrial enzyme cytochrome c oxidase were substantially higher than in female mice. Orchiectomy abolished this sex difference. Testosterone administration induced myocardial hypertrophy and accretion of RNA and protein without altering the DNA, and substantial increases in the activities of the lysosomal hydrolases and cytochrome c oxidase. However, the mitochondrial membrane enzyme monoamine oxidase was unaffected by sex, orchiectomy, and testosterone administration. Heart lysosomes from male mice showed a smaller structure-linked latency of the lysosomal enzymes and a greater fragility of the lysosomal membrane to osmotic and mechanical stress than those from female mice. This sex difference was also abolished by orchiectomy and restored by testosterone replacement. Similar sex differences were observed in the rat with respect to heart size, acid hydrolase activities, and lysosomal enzyme latency and membrane stability. These findings indicate that endogenous androgens regulate myocardial cell growth, the activity of enzymes associated with lysosomes and the inner mitochondrial membrane, and some physiochemical properties of lysosomes.
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PMID:Testosterone-mediated sexual dimorphism of the rodent heart. Ventricular lysosomes, mitochondria, and cell growth are modulated by androgens. 704 2

Activities of lysosomal hydrolases were measured in the leucocytes of cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs. There was high activity of arylsulphatase in leucocytes from cattle, high activities of alpha-fucosidase and beta-glucuronidase in leucocytes from horses and high activity of acid phosphatase in granulocytes from pigs. Within species, arylsulphatase and beta-galactosidase activities were higher in granulocytes than in mononuclear cells, but beta-glucuronidase, phosphodiesterase and alpha-galactosidase activities were higher in mononuclear cells than in granulocytes. Eosinophils of cattle, sheep, goats and horses contained at least 10 times the activity of alpha-mannosidase and arylsulphatase found in neutrophils. For most of the other enzymes studied, there were differences in cattle and goats but not in sheep, horses or pigs between their specific activities in neutrophils and eosinophils.
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PMID:Lysosomal hydrolase activity in leucocytes from cattle, sheep, goats, horses and pigs. 715 6

A liquid chromatographic method for the determination of digoxin, digoxigenin, its mono- and bisdigitoxoside and dihydrodigoxin in urine is described. Doses of 100 muCi of [12 alpha-3H]digoxin and 0.5 mg (640 nmol) of digoxin were administered orally to eight healthy volunteers. The compounds were extracted from urine with methylene chloride containing 3% of heptafluorobutanol. After separation, fractions corresponding to digoxin and the metabolites were measured by liquid scintillation counting. Conjugates of the glycoside metabolites were determined indirectly after pre-treatment of the samples with beta-glucuronidase-arylsulphatase. The detection limit was 0.1 nmol/l. Metabolites amounting to 0.5% of digoxin were assayed with a relative standard deviation of 5%. The advantages of the method are a high recovery in the extraction step, short separation times and the possibility of separate assay of dihydrodigoxin.
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PMID:Determination of tritiated digoxin and metabolites in urine by liquid chromatography. 725 95

Leupeptin is an established, reversible inhibitor of cathepsin B, a lysosomal cysteine proteinase. Yet, in rat fibroblasts as well as in foetal mouse calvaria, we observed an increase of the activity of cathepsin B in homogenates of cells and tissue harvested after culture in the presence of leupeptin. This effect was also seen for other lysosomal hydrolases, namely sphingomyelinase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, arylsulphatase A and phospholipase A1 in fibroblasts, and beta-glucuronidase in mouse calvaria. In calvaria, antipain, another reversible cysteine proteinase inhibitor, caused a similar effect, whereas E-64, an irreversible inhibitor, was consistently inhibitory of the cathepsin B activity; yet it also caused an increase of beta-glucuronidase activity. The effect of leupeptin in fibroblasts was dose and time-dependent, required the continuous presence of the inhibitor, and was not dependent from protein synthesis. Actually, addition of cycloheximide caused a severe loss of activity of cathepsin B and of sphingomyelinase. In the presence of both cycloheximide and leupeptin, however, these two activities were retained to a value corresponding to that found in excess in cells cultivated with leupeptin alone. The data therefore suggests that leupeptin exerts the effects described in this paper by preventing the degradation of cathepsin B, sphingomyelinase and probably several other lysosomal hydrolases by cysteine proteinases. We therefore propose that cysteine proteinases play a key role in the control of the steady-state levels of these enzymes in normal conditions.
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PMID:Increased activities of cathepsin B and other lysosomal hydrolases in fibroblasts and bone tissue cultured in the presence of cysteine proteinases inhibitors. 793 17

In patients with primary hypothyroidism a decrease of activity of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase and an increase of arylsulphatase activity were found in cytochemical investigations of peripheral blood neutrophils. In the group of patients a decrease was also observed of the value of indices of spontaneous and stimulated nitroblue tetrazolium reduction. In patients with primary hypothyroidism a number of abnormalities may develop manifesting themselves as changed outfit of the neutrophils with lysosomal enzymes, and weakening may occur in these cells of redox processes evaluated by the test with nitroblue tetrazolium. The presence of the above mentioned features in the neutrophils may be interpreted as a part of metabolic and functional disturbances in the tissues of various organs in patients with hypothyroidism.
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PMID:[Cytochemical examination of peripheral blood neutrophils of patients with hypothyroidism]. 797 18


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