Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

Excised cotyledons of Orychophragmus violaceus were used as explants for tissue culture. They were cultured on the MS medium supplemented with BA (3 mg/L) and NAA (0.2 mg/L). When the regenerated buds were 2 cm long, they were excised and transferred onto 1/2 MS medium with IBA (0.03 mg/L), then the whole plants were regenerated. The frequency of plant regeneration was 100%. Subsequently, the genetic transformation of O. violaceus was studied. After 2-3 days of cocultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain A208se (pTiT37, pROA93), the cotyledons were transferred onto the selection medium containing 25 mg/L Km and 250 mg/L Ap. After shoots emerged, they were excised and transferred onto the rooting medium containing 25 mg/L Km and 100 mg/L Cef. The roots were formed within 4-5 weeks. The whole plants were transplanted into pots and grew well. The frequency of plant regeneration was about 51%. The regenerated plants showed high enzymatic activities of beta-glucuronidase and neomycine phosphotransferase II. Southern blot analysis confirmed that NPTII gene had been stably integrated into the chromosomal genome of O. violaceus. The transformation frequency was 5.6%. The first transgenic plant of O. violaceus is being reported.
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PMID:Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated transformation of Orychophragmus violaceus cotyledon and regeneration of transgenic plants. 887 13

The tightly regulated expression patterns of structural cell wall proteins in several plant species indicate that they play a crucial role in determining the extracellular matrix structure for specific cell types. We demonstrate that AtPRP3, a proline-rich cell wall protein in Arabidopsis, is expressed in root-hair-bearing epidermal cells at the root/shoot junction and within the root differentiation zone of light-grown seedlings. Several lines of evidence support a direct relationship between AtPRP3 expression and root hair development. AtPRP3/beta-glucuronidase (GUS) expression increased in roots of transgenic seedlings treated with either 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) or alpha-naphthaleneacetic acid (alpha-NAA), compounds known to promote root hair formation. In the presence of 1-alpha-(2-aminoethoxyvinyl)glycine (AVG), an inhibitor of ethylene biosynthesis, AtPRP3/GUS expression was strongly reduced, but could be rescued by co-addition of ACC or alpha-NAA to the growth medium. In addition, AtPRP3/GUS activity was enhanced in ttg and gl2 mutant backgrounds that exhibit ectopic root hairs, but was reduced in rhd6 and 35S-R root-hair-less mutant seedlings. These results indicate that AtPRP3 is regulated by developmental pathways involved in root hair formation, and are consistent with AtPRP3's contributing to cell wall structure in Arabidopsis root hairs.
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PMID:Expression of AtPRP3, a proline-rich structural cell wall protein from Arabidopsis, is regulated by cell-type-specific developmental pathways involved in root hair formation. 1071 33

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Vigna radiata L. Wilczek has been achieved. Hypocotyl and primary leaves excised from 2-day-old in-vitro grown seedlings produced transgenic calli on B(5) basal medium supplemented with 5x10(-6) M BAP, 2.5x10(-6) M each of 2,4-D and NAA and 50 mg l(-1) kanamycin after co-cultivation with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains, LBA4404 (pTOK233), EHA105 (pBin9GusInt) and C58C1 (pIG121Hm) all containing beta-glucuronidase (gusA) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) marker genes. Transformed calli were found resistant to kanamycin up to 1000 mg(.)l(-1). Gene expression of kanamycin resistance (nptII) and gusA in transformed calli was demonstrated by nptII assay and GUS histochemical analysis, respectively. Stable integration of T-DNA into the genome of transformed calli of mungbean was confirmed by Southern blot analysis. Transgenic calli could not regenerate shoots on B(5) or B(5) containing different cytokinins or auxins alone or in combination. However, for the first time, transformed green shoots showing strong GUS activity were regenerated directly from cotyledonary node explants cultured after co-cultivation with LBA4404 (pTOK233) on B(5) medium containing 6-benzylaminopurine (5x10(-7) M) and 75 mg l(-1) kanamycin. The putative transformed shoots were rooted on B(5)+indole-3-butyric acid (5x10(-6) M) within 10-14 days and resulted plantlets subsequently developed flowers and pods with viable seeds in vitro after 20 days of root induction. The stamens, pollen grains and T(0) seeds showed GUS activity. Molecular analysis of putative transformed plants revealed the integration and expression of transgenes in T(0) plants and their seeds.
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PMID:Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilczek) - a recalcitrant grain legume. 1144 54

The hypocotyls and cotyledons of the asepetic seedling of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis L cv. Pudongaijiecai) were used as explants for tissue culture. Adventitious buds were differentiated on modified MS medium supplemented with TDZ 1-2 mg/L, NAA 0.2-1 mg/L and AgNO3 7.5 mg/L. The percentage of explants which formed buds of cotyledons was about 56%, and that of hypocotyls was about 37%. When the regenerated explants were transferred onto MS medium with 2 i.p. 5 mg/L and NAA 0.1 mg/L for two weeks, whole plantlets were obtained by culturing the regenerated shoots on 1/2 MS medium with NAA 0.1 mg/L. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain (LBA 4404/PBI 121) carrying the GUS gene and Npt II gene was used for transformation. After 2 days of coculture, the hypocotyls and cotyledons were transferred onto regenerated medium containing CP 300 mg/L for bud formation. After 4-5 weeks, the differentiated buds were transferred onto selection medium with CP 200 mg/L and Km 10 mg/L for 1 month, then the green shoots were transferred onto the rooting medium containing Cef 100 mg/L and Km 20 mg/L. 4-5 weeks later, plantlets with Km resistance were obtained and some of them showed higher enzymatic activities of beta-glucuronidase than control ones.
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PMID:[Preliminary studies on tissue culture and agrobacterium-medicated transformation of Brassica campestris ssp. chinensis]. 1254

The LE-ACS6 gene encodes ACC synthase, the key enzyme of ethylene biosynthesis pathway. Accumulation of LE-ACS6 transcripts is concomitant with the system 1 ethylene production in the pre-climacteric tomato fruit, and both are down regulated by exogenous ethylene treatment. To elucidate the possible role of system 1 ethylene in plant development and investigate the promoter tissue specificity of LE-ACS6 gene, stable transformation of Arabidopsis with a LE-ACS6 promoter-GUS fusion construct by Agrobacterium method has been done. Histochemical localization of GUS activity and beta-glucuronidase enzyme assay in transgenic LE-ACS6::GUS plants showed strong expression of GUS in cotyledons and hypocotyls of 6 d seedlings, but no GUS activity was detected in roots. The GUS activity of 6 d seedling was increased significantly when treated with NAA 10(-4)mol/L. In 40 d rosette leaf LE-ACS6 promoter driven GUS gene was predominantly expressed in mature leaves. Lower level of GUS expression was detected in younger and older leaves. Wounding was found to increase GUS gene expression in transgenic leaves. Again, exogenous NAA was found to increase the GUS activity in wounded leaf tissue. Strong staining reaction was observed in the top part of rapidly growing stems. In different developmental stages of Arabidopsis seeds, "mature green" pods were strongly stained, but "ripening fruits" were not colored. These observations are concomitant with the system 1 ethylene production, suggesting a popular mechanism in regulating ethylene biosynthesis in different plants, at least in tomato and Arabidopsis.
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PMID:[Promoter specificity of LE-ACS6 gene in LE-ACS6::GUS transgenic arabidopsis plants]. 1559 34

The beta-glucosidase gene of maize (ZmGLU1) was suggested to hydrolyze cytokinin-conjugate and release free cytokinin during plant growth and development. A clone containing the upstream region of ZmGLU1 was isolated and sequenced from a maize genomic library. The full-length ZmGLU1 promoter and a series of its 5' deletions were fused to the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and transferred into tobacco. The GUS activity of transgenic plants was assayed at various developmental stages. The results showed that ZmGLU1 promoter-driven GUS gene had the highest expression level in the roots and that the expression of GUS gene declined during seed maturation and down to the lowest level in mature seeds. The ZmGLU1 promoter-driven GUS expression increased during seed germination, reaching a peak on day 11. The results also showed that this promoter could be inhibited by 6-BA, trans-zeatin, and NAA, but was not affected by GA(3), ABA, SA, cold, salt, drought, and submergence treatments. The histochemical staining revealed that GUS activity was located in vigorous cell division zones with dominant staining associated with vascular tissues. Deletion analysis showed that the promoter contained a putative leaf-specific and stem-specific negative regulative element and two putative enhancers.
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PMID:Isolation of a maize beta-glucosidase gene promoter and characterization of its activity in transgenic tobacco. 1677 Jun 27

A 1,482-bp promoter sequence of the cotton cellulose synthase gene (GhCesA4) was isolated from Chinese cultivar CRI12 of Gossypium hirsutum, and transcriptionally fused to a beta-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene for investigation of important regions controlling gene expression in transgenic tobacco plants. Histochemical staining showed that the full-length promoter directs efficient expression of the reporter gene in the roots, hypocotyls, vascular tissues of stems, trichomes, the central leaf veins, as well as in the anthers and pollen. Quantitative measurements of GUS activity demonstrated that higher expression levels were detected in the stems, fully expanded leaves, and styles of flowers. A series of 5' progressive deletions of the promoter revealed the presence of a negative regulatory region (-767 to -424) for promoter activity and a 247-bp fragment (-247 to -1) with the vascular tissue specificity of the basic transcription activity in the GhCesA4 promoter. Exposure of the transgenic tobacco to various abiotic stresses showed that the full-length construct predominantly responded to NAA, kinetin, and sugar. Furthermore, the NAA-response region was found to be located in the -1,482/-1204 fragment, while the element(s) for the sucrose-responsive expression may be present in the -247/-1 region in the GhCesA4 promoter. These findings will not only contribute to an explanation of the molecular mechanisms by which GhCesA4 participates in secondary cell wall morphogenesis and stress responses, but will also provide a good candidate for expression or accumulation of foreign genes of interest whose products are preferentially required in vascular tissues and are inducible under auxin treatment.
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PMID:Functional analysis of a cotton cellulose synthase A4 gene promoter in transgenic tobacco plants. 1965 47