Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound   Target Concepts: Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound

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Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The effect of poisoning doses of selenium on serum matrix-degrading enzymes activity was investigated in rats intoxicated with selenium. Fifteen animals were receiving orally sodium selenite in a daily dose of 300 microg/kg body weight. Intoxication with selenium was carried out for 10 weeks. The present study revealed significant increase in activities of enzymes involved in the connective tissue matrix metabolism i.e. beta-glucuronidase, N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase, elastase and collagen peptidase. There was no change in the cathepsin activity. The relative enzyme activities calculated over protein level resulted in higher values than those found in direct measurements. Serum enzyme activity was increased most for elastase (about 31%) and N-acetyl-beta-glucosaminidase (about 33%) based on activity per gram of protein. The current data indicate that lysosomes are target organelles for selenium toxicity. Generalized increase in lysosomal enzymes activity contributes to the altered metabolism of the connective tissue in selenium-intoxicated animals. The mechanisms that lead to the increase of lysosomal enzymes activity in rats receiving poisoning doses of selenium could be related to biochemical disturbances caused by selenium toxicity.
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PMID:Serum matrix-degrading enzymes in rats intoxicated with selenium. 1124 90

1. Three fractions of "droplets" having diameters of 1 to 5 micro (fraction I), 0.5 to 1.5 micro (fraction II), and 0.1 to 1.0 micro (fraction III) were isolated from the kidney cells of normal rats. 2. All three "droplet" fractions showed 10 to 15 times higher activities of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, and cathepsin than the total homogenate and the mitochondrial fraction. 3. After a rough fractionation of the total homogenate, approximately 50 per cent of the 5 enzymes was found in the fractions which contained the "droplets" and approximately 30 per cent in the supernatant fluid. 4. The similarities between the enzymatic properties of the "droplets" from kidney cells and of the fractions isolated from liver cells by other investigators have been discussed.
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PMID:Concentration of acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin in droplets isolated from the kidney cells of normal rats. 1337 30

1. Kidney homogenates from rats injected with egg white and from control rats were fractionated simultaneously into six fractions and the content of acid phosphatase, ribonuclease, desoxyribonuclease, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase in corresponding fractions from treated and untreated animals was compared. These observations were correlated with the amount of dark brown bottom sediments in fractions NDrI, DrII, and DrIII, and with the number of droplets in fraction NDrI. 2. It was found that after injection of egg white the amount of small droplets decreased as indicated by the decrease of the dark brown bottom layer in the sediment of fraction DrIII and by the concomitant decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the same fraction, and that the number of large droplets increased as indicated by the increase of brown sediment in fraction NDrI and the increase in the number of droplets counted in a bacterial counting chamber in the same fraction. It was concluded that the treatment with egg white induced the transformation of small droplets into large droplets. 3. The decrease of hydrolytic enzymes in the fractions containing the small droplets was accompanied by a marked increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. The enzyme content of fraction NDrI was not increased after treatment, although it contained greatly increased numbers of large droplets. Counting of the droplets in this fraction showed decreased enzymatic activity of the average large droplet after treatment with egg white. It was suggested that during the transformation of small into large droplets, a portion of the hydrolytic enzymes was released into the surrounding cytoplasm, and that this was partly responsible for the increased enzyme content of the supernatant fluid after fractionation of the kidney homogenate. In contrast to the four other hydrolytic enzymes, beta-glucuronidase was not increased in the supernatant fluid. 4. Eighteen hours after intraperitoneal injection of egg white, the specific enzymatic activities of kidney homogenates showed a 25 to 35 per cent increase for cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease, no change for acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase, and approximately a 7 per cent decrease for cytochrome oxidase. The increase of cathepsin, ribonuclease, and desoxyribonuclease in the total homogenate was interpreted as an indication of the formation of new enzymes, and it was suggested that this partly accounted for the increase of these enzymes in the supernatant fluid. 5. The activation of the enzymes by osmotic effects was investigated in vitro by incubation of droplet fractions in the presence of different concentrations of sucrose.
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PMID:Changes in droplet fractions from rat kidney cells after intraperitoneal injection of egg white. 1348 Oct 27

The in vitro differentiation of homogeneous populations of monocyte-like cells from the unstimulated mouse peritoneal cavity is described. Under the conditions employed, a progressive increase in cell size occurs without significant cell division. This process is characterized morphologically by the accumulation of phase-dense and neutral red-positive granules, mitochondria, and lipid droplets. The phase-dense granules react strongly for acid phosphatase. Biochemical determinations indicate marked increases in the total content and specific activity of acid phosphatase, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase. The production of acid phosphatase is more rapid and extensive than that of the other two hydrolases. From these data it appears that the conversion of a monocyte-like cell to a mature macrophage is accompanied by the formation of increased numbers of lysosome-like cytoplasmic organelles. Mouse peritoneal phagocytes stimulated in vivo with a bacterial lipopolysaccharide undergo a similar series of morphological and biochemical events.
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PMID:THE DIFFERENTIATION OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES. MORPHOLOGY, CYTOCHEMISTRY, AND BIOCHEMISTRY. 1425 81

Experiments are reported dealing with the increase of lysosomal acid hydrolases induced by BCG infection. Acid hydrolases were determined quantitatively in peritoneal MP, liver homogenate, and plasma of normal and BCG-infected mice. A significant increase of acid phosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, and cathepsin was found in MP and liver homogenate of BCG-infected mice. In plasma also a significant increase of acid phosphatase and beta-glucuronidase was noticed. The results of the determination of the enzymes in centrifugally separated subcellular fractions of liver homogenate indicated clearly that the acid hydrolases associated mainly with the "large granular" fraction, which consists of mitochondria, lysosomes, and microsomes and that infection with BCG caused significant increase of the enzymes specifically in this fraction. Differences in the pattern of location among centrifugally separated fraction of liver homogenate were observed between acid phosphatase and the other two acid hydrolases. MP cultured in vitro doubled their acid phosphatases content within 24 hours, whereas beta-glucuronidase rather decreased in the same cells.
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PMID:LYSOSOMAL ACID HYDROLASES IN MICE INFECTED WITH BCG. 1427 27

The concentration of newborn calf serum in the medium has marked effects on the morphological and biochemical properties of mouse mononuclear phagocytes. At a low serum concentration, the cells developed small numbers of tiny cytoplasmic granules and little or no increase in acid phosphatase, cathepsin, and beta-glucuronidase. As the serum concentration was raised, granules were formed at a more rapid rate and were larger in size. The rate of production and total amount of three hydrolytic enzymes was increased at higher levels of serum. Observations on living cells indicated that the phase-dense granules which accumulated in the perinuclear region were derived from pinocytic vesicles. These clear vesicles fused and migrated to the centrosphere where they underwent a gradual increase in phase density and reacted positively for acid phosphatase. A microscopic technique was described for the evaluation of the pinocytic process. When this method was employed, the rate of pinocytosis increased curvilinearly with elevations in the calf serum concentration of the medium. The comparative influence of bovine, horse, and rabbit serum on mouse cells was evaluated. It is suggested that pinocytosis is a major regulator of granule formation and hydrolytic enzyme production by the mouse macrophage.
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PMID:THE IN VITRO DIFFERENTIATION OF MONONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTES. II. THE INFLUENCE OF SERUM ON GRANULE FORMATION, HYDROLASE PRODUCTION, AND PINOCYTOSIS. 1427 33

The synergistic effect of nicorandil (K(ATP) channel opener) and amlodipine (calcium channel blocker) on lysosomal hydrolases in serum and heart was examined by determining the activity of beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, beta-galactosidase, cathepsin-D and acid phosphatase on isoproterenol-induced myocardial infarction in rats. The rats given isoproterenol (150 mg kg(-1) daily, i.p.) for 2 d showed significant increase in serum and heart lysosomal hydrolases activity. Isoproterenol administration to rats resulted in decreased stability of the membranes, which was reflected by the lowered activity of cathepsin-D and beta-glucuronidase in mitochondrial, nuclear, lysosomal and microsomal fractions. Pretreatment with nicorandil (2.5 mg kg(-1) daily, p.o.) and amlodipine (5.0 mg kg(-1) daily, p.o.) for 3 d significantly prevented these alterations and restored the enzyme activity to near normal. These findings demonstrate that the pretreatment with nicorandil and amlodipine could preserve lysosomal integrity and hence establish the cardioprotective effect of the combination.
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PMID:Synergistic effect of nicorandil and amlodipine on lysosomal hydrolases during experimental myocardial infarction in rats. 1449 79

Polish accomplishments in clinical and experimental pancreatology concern acute (AP) and chronic (CP) pancreatitis. Special notice was drawn in Polish studies on hemostasis disorders in acute experimental pancreatitis (AEP), and resulting clinical implications (possibility of thrombotic-embolic complications leading to hemorrhagic defects associated with coagulation factors consumption). Studies on lysosomal hydrolases role in AEP pathogenesis were discussed. In those studies notice was drawn to initiating role of zymogen activation by lysosomal hydrolases, especially beta-glucuronidase, with smaller activity of acid phosphatase and cathepsin in this process. It was stated, that also lysosomal enzymes are released from macrophages obtained from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in AEP. It was revealed that prostacyclin (PGI(2)) shows stabilizing effect on lysosomes in liver and kidneys in AEP. Platelets activating factor antagonist inhibits pulmonary lysosomal hydrolases activity in such conditions. Polish studies concerning reactive forms of oxygen role in AEP pathogenesis are one of the first in Europe. Oxidative-antioxidative balance was disturbed in acute pancreatitis course and associated multiorgan changes both under experimental conditions and in humans. Oxidative stress as an early prognostic symptom in AP in humans was also emphasized, showing correlation of oxidative stress indicators with phospholipase A serum activity and polymorphonuclear elastase in plasma of patients with different degree of this disease. In a range of clinical studies special attention should be given to studies concerning lipid disorders as an AP etiological factor in humans. Clear decrease in lipoprotein lipase activity in AP in humans was determined. Polish studies concerning importance of sphincterectomy in acute gallstone derivative pancreatitis (AGP) were presented. Polish researchers accomplishments in chronic alcoholic pancreatitis (CAP) etiopathogenesis were discussed.
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PMID:Pancreas; pancreatitis--Polish accomplishments. 1507 70

Compensatory growth is a phenomenon observed in pigs given free access to feed following a period of restricted feeding that results in increased growth rates. Compensatory growth is believed to increase protein turnover and thereby the proteolytic potential at the time of slaughter, leading to faster tenderization rates of meat. Nine litters of three gilts and three barrows were allocated within litter and gender to three dietary treatment groups. Pigs had ad libitum access to feed from d 28 to slaughter at d 140 (ALA) or were restricted to 69% ad libitum from d 28 to d 80 or 90, and then given ad libitum access to the diet until slaughter at d 140 (RA80 and RA90, respectively). Pigs in the RA80 and RA90 treatment groups had a 9.7% higher (P < or = 0.001) fractional growth rate in the second feeding period than those in the ALA group. Growth rate was correlated to the activity of m-calpain (r = 0.37; P < or = 0.01), beta-glucuronidase (r = 0.48; P < or = 0.001), and cathepsins B (r = 0.47; P < or = 0.001) and B+L (r = 0.31; P < or = 0.04). The LM of RA80-gilts received higher tenderness scores than the LM of ALA gilts, but tenderness scores were similar among barrows regardless of treatment (gender x treatment; P = 0.02). Conversely, tenderness scores were higher for the biceps femoris of ALA barrows than either ALA gilts or RA90 barrows (gender x treatment; P = 0.02). Desmin and troponin-T degradation, as well as myofibrillar fragmentation index, of the LM were not (P > or = 0.24) affected by treatment. No dietary treatment effects were observed on the activities of mu-calpain (P = 0.15), m-calpain (P = 0.74), or calpastatin (P = 0.91) at slaughter. The cathepsin inhibitors, cystatins, tended to be increased (P = 0.06) in RA80 and RA90 pigs. Sarcomere length was longer (P = 0.003) in the LM of gilts than barrows. Barrows in the RA80 group had lower i.m. fat concentrations than ALA; however, no differences were found in the LM of gilts (gender x treatment; P = 0.03). The underlying hypothesis that compensatory growth leads to an increased proteolytic potential at the time of slaughter could not be verified in this study.
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PMID:Compensatory growth improves meat tenderness in gilts but not in barrows. 1553 83

1. Nine acid hydrolases, cytochrome oxidase, alkaline phenylphosphatase and catalase were demonstrated in 0.25m-sucrose homogenates of newborn-rat calvaria. The acid hydrolases were: acid phenylphosphatase, acid beta-glycerophosphatase, beta-glucuronidase, beta-N-acetylglucosaminidase (beta-N-acetylaminodeoxyglucosidase), acid ribonuclease and acid deoxyribonuclease, showing optimum activity at about pH5; cathepsin, beta-galactosidase and hyaluronidase, with optimum activity at about pH3.6. 2. The main kinetic characters of these enzymes have been studied and methods for their quantitative assay have been worked out. The activities present in bone are given and compared with those found in liver. 3. Acid-phosphatase activity was assayed with phenyl phosphate and beta-glycerophosphate as substrates: activities with these two substrates appeared to be due to two different enzymes. Acid phenylphosphatase is particularly labile and is readily inactivated by various physical or chemical agents.
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PMID:Studies on bone enzymes. The assay of acid hydrolases and other enzymes in bone tissue. 1674 42


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