Gene/Protein Disease Symptom Drug Enzyme Compound
Pivot Concepts:   Target Concepts:
Query: EC:3.2.1.31 (beta-glucuronidase)
 7,680 document(s) hit in 31,850,051 MEDLINE articles (0.00 seconds)

The serum concentrations of FSH, LH, prolactin, testosterone, and estradiol and the enzymatic activities of hyaluronidase, glucosidases (alpha-glucosidase, beta-glucosidase, alpha-mannosidase, N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase, beta-glucuronidase, and beta-galactosidase), lactate dehydrogenase and its isoenzymes (LDH1, LDH2, LDH3, LDH-X, LDH4), and total proteins were measured in the semen of 69 subjects (8 normozoospermic controls, 7 secretory, and 54 excretory azoospermic subjects). FSH levels rose with the deterioration in spermatogenesis and served to differentiate the secretory from the excretory azoospermias. The only source of hyaluronidase and LDH-X in the ejaculate is the spermatozoa. alpha-Glucosidase activity essentially originates in the epididymis. The seminal determination of alpha-glucosidase and, to a lesser extent, alpha-mannosidase and N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase helps rapidly, sensitivity, reliably, and noninvasively to differentiate secretory azoospermias (with higher enzymatic activity) from the excretory type (less enzymatic activity) and may be of use in identifying with a certain degree of reliability the site of obstruction in the male genital tract.
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PMID:Enzyme and hormonal markers in the differential diagnosis of human azoospermia. 153 Mar 67

Plasma 5 alpha-androstane-3 alpha, 17 beta diol (Adiol) glucuronide levels were determined using a reliable radioimmunoassay involving hydrolysis with E. coli beta-glucuronidase, diethylether extraction, and Celite column chromatography. Conditions ensuring optimal hydrolysis were determined as well as quality control criteria. Sixty-eight male out-patients wre studied. These subjects were divided into three age groups: I (n = 21; age 20-35 years), II (n = 21; age: 36-50 years), and III (n = 26; age: 51-70 years). Patients under 50 years of age had infertility with no abnormalities upon sperm analysis. Older patients had erectile dysfunction. All subjects had serum gonadotropin (FSH and LH) and prolactin levels within the normal range for age. Adiol glucuronide levels (mean +/- SD) were as follows: 5.0 +/- 2.2 ng/ml (range: 1.6-9.5), 5.4 +/- 3.8 ng/ml (range 1.4-16.0) and 4.5 +/- 2.5 ng/ml (range 1.2-9.3) in groups I, II and III respectively. A trend towards lower Adiol glucuronide levels with advancing age was found but there was no significant difference between group III and the other two groups. Similarly, no significant correlation was found between Adiol glucuronide levels and age (r = -0.12). Conversely, a significant correlation (r = 0.37; p less than 0.01) was observed between Adiol glucuronide levels and bioavailable testosterone (T) levels. This finding might be the consequence of a certain enhancement of 5 alpha-reductase activity with age and/or the non significant decrease with age of another precursor.
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PMID:[Age-related changes in plasma androstanediol glucuronide in men]. 227 25

The hormonal regulation of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (gamma-GTP), an enzyme marker of Sertoli cells, was studied in immature rats that received 50 micrograms/day of testosterone propionate (TP) during 6 days to suppress pituitary LH and FSH. Suppression of LH was monitored indirectly by the determination of intratesticular levels of testosterone and suppression of FSH by radioimmunoassay of serum FSH. Enzyme activity in the testis decreased in parallel to intratesticular testosterone suppression, and it did recover up to control values when animals received 500 micrograms/day of TP, a dose that was able to maintain intratesticular testosterone at normal levels. beta-glucuronidase, another enzyme marker of Sertoli cells, was not affected by these treatments. A significant decrease in gamma-GTP was detected 24h after significant suppression of intratesticular testosterone and it returned to control levels 2 days after increasing the dose of TP to 500 micrograms/day. Administration of FSH to rats with depletion of intratesticular testosterone was able to maintain testicular gamma-GTP at control levels. An stimulatory action of FSH could also be demonstrated in primary Sertoli cell cultures. It is concluded that testicular gamma-GTP is under the regulation of both androgens and FSH while beta-glucuronidase is not. Eventhough the function of gamma-GTP in the testis is not known, the key role that it plays in other tissues suggests that it might be important in the regulation of Sertoli cell-germ cell interactions.
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PMID:Hormonal regulation of rat testicular gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase "in vivo" and "in vitro". 290 31

Relaxin (Rlx) is shown in vitro to increase the release of plasminogen activator (PA) activity from granulosa cells obtained from 28-day-old rats after priming 48 h before with PMSG. Priming with PMSG was essential for the subsequent marked increase in PA by the addition of Rlx to these cells in vitro. Under the same conditions Rlx also increased the release of both total collagenase and total proteoglycanase activities but not of beta-glucuronidase activity. The total collagenase and proteoglycanase activities of control cells are made up of essentially equal amounts of their respective active and latent enzymes. Rlx stimulation increases the amounts of the respective active enzymes while the latent collagenase and proteoglycanase activities are unchanged or decreased, respectively. The enzyme beta-glucuronidase was not stimulated by Rlx and appears not to be involved in follicular proteoglycan degradation. Granulosa cells harvested from preantral follicles responded most to FSH by PA production whereas cells from antral follicles responded more to LH, reflecting the known changes in concentration of FSH and LH receptors on these cells. The release of PA is maximal by all four hormones studied (FSH, LH, prostaglandin E1, and Rlx) on granulosa cells harvested from rats 48 h after PMSG treatment and this suggests that the follicles at this time are a mixture of both preantral and antral stages. The PA response to FSH is lost by 60 h after PMSG at the same time that the response to prostaglandin E1 is maintained at the same level, whereas that to Rlx and LH, although still significantly higher than controls, were decreased. By 70 h after PMSG, postovulatory, the responses to all hormones studied were lost. Thus, the involvement of PA in ovarian connective tissue alterations appears to be greatest in the period of follicular antrum formation rather than just before ovulation. Rlx is one of a number of hormones involved in the sequence of events culminating in follicle connective tissue remodeling as shown by its action on the release of three intrafollicular enzymes.
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PMID:Relaxin increases the release of plasminogen activator, collagenase, and proteoglycanase from rat granulosa cells in vitro. 608 81

Dopamine D2 and somatostatin receptors (sstrs) were reported to affect non-functioning pituitary adenoma (NFPA) proliferation in vitro. However, the reported results differ according to the experimental conditions used. We established an experimental protocol allowing reproducible evaluation of NFPA cell proliferation in vitro, to test and compare the antiproliferative effects of dopamine and somatostatin analogs (alone or in combination) with the activity of the dopamine-somatostatin chimeric molecule BIM-23A760. The protocol was utilized by four independent laboratories, studying 38 fibroblast-deprived NFPA cell cultures. Cells were characterized for GH, POMC, sstr1-sstr5, total dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) (in all cases), and D2 receptor long and short isoforms (in 15 out of 38 cases) mRNA expression and for alpha-subunit, LH, and FSH release. D2R, sstr3, and sstr2 mRNAs were consistently observed, with the dominant expression of D2R (2.9+/-2.6 copy/copy beta-glucuronidase; mean+/-s.e.m.), when compared with sstr3 and sstr2 (0.6+/-1.0 and 0.3+/-0.6 respectively). BIM-23A760, a molecule with high affinity for D2R and sstr2, significantly inhibited [3H]thymidine incorporation in 23 out of 38 (60%) NFPA cultures (EC50=1.2 pM and Emax=-33.6+/-3.7%). BIM-23A760 effects were similar to those induced by the selective D2R agonist cabergoline that showed a statistically significant inhibition in 18 out of 27 tumors (compared with a significant inhibition obtained in 17 out of 27 tumors using BIM-23A760, in the same subgroup of adenomas analyzed), while octreotide was effective in 13 out of 27 cases. In conclusion, superimposable data generated in four independent laboratories using a standardized protocol demonstrate that, in vitro, chimeric dopamine/sstr agonists are effective in inhibiting cell proliferation in two-thirds of NFPAs.
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PMID:Efficacy of a dopamine-somatostatin chimeric molecule, BIM-23A760, in the control of cell growth from primary cultures of human non-functioning pituitary adenomas: a multi-center study. 1850 6